Enhancement of voltage stability in an interconnected network using unified power flow controller

In this paper, the optimal placement of Unified Power Flow Controllers (UPFC) in a large-scale transmission network in order to improve the loadability margin was considered. In other to achieve this aim, the Line Stability Factor (LQP) as a technique for the optimal location of UPFC in the IEEE 14-bus network and 56-bus Nigerian national grid was adopted. The power injection model for the UPFC was employed to secure improvements in the loading margin of the IEEE 14-bus network and 56-bus Nigerian national grid system. Continuation power flow was used to assess the effect of UPFC on the loadability margin. Steady-state simulations using Power System Analysis Toolbox (PSAT) on MATLAB was applied to determine the effectiveness of placing UPFC between bus 13 and bus 14 in the IEEE 14-bus network and between bus 44 (Ikot-Ekpene) and bus 56 (Odukpani) in the 56-bus Nigerian national grid system. The results showed that the loadability margin increased by 8.52 % after UPFC was optimally placed in the IEEE 14-bus network and increased by 195.5 % after UPFC was optimally placed in the 56-bus Nigerian national grid system. Thus, these enhance the voltage stability of both network and utilizing the network efficiently

Voltage profile improvement and losses minimization for Hayin Rigasa radial network Kaduna using distributed generation

This research work has presented the application of distributed generation (DG) units in a simultaneous placement approach on IEEE 33 radial test systems for validation of the technique with further implementation on 56-Bus Hayin Rigasa feeder. The genetic algorithm (GA) is employed in obtaining the optimal sizes and load loss sensitivity index for locations of the DGs for entire active and reactive power loss reduction. The voltage profile index is computed for each bus of the networks to ascertain the weakest voltage bus of the network before and after DG and circuit breaker allocation. The simultaneous placement approach of the DGs is tested with the IEEE 33-bus test networks and Hayin Rigasa feeder network and the results obtained are confirmed by comparing with the results gotten from separate DGs allocation on the networks. For IEEE 33-bus system, the simultaneous allocation of DGs and of optimal sizes 750 kW, 800 kW and at locations of buses 2 and 6 respectively, lead to a 66.49 % and 68.64 % drop in active and reactive power loss and 3.02 % improvement in voltage profile. For the 56-bus Hayin Rigasa network in Kaduna distribution network, the simultaneous placement of DGs of sizes 1,470 kW and 1490 kW at locations of bus 16 and 23 respectively, lead to a 79.54 % and 73.98 % drop in active and reactive power loss and 15.94 % improvement in voltage profile. From results comparison, it is evident that the allocation of DGs using the combination GA and load loss sensitivity index, gives an improved performance in relations to power loss reduction and voltage profile improvements of networks when compared to without DGs

Thermal and Tensile Properties of Treated and Untreated Red Balau (Shorea Dipterocarpaceae) Filled LDPE Composites

Red balau saw dust was heat-treated at 180°C and 200°C for one hour, extrusion compounded with Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE) at 20%, 40% and 60% volume fraction loadings and injection moulded. Thermal and tensile properties of the resultant composites were investigated as a function of filler loadings and treatment temperature. Increase in tensile moduli and decrease in tensile stress and strain were observed as filler loading and treatment temperature increased. Thermogravimetric analysis revealed an increase in degradation peak temperature of the composites from heat treated compared to the untreated wood composites. Differential scanning calorimetry revealed a decreasing trend in the degree of crystallinity (Xc) of the matrix when heat treated wood was used as filler. However, untreated wood showed an increase in Xc with increasing wood content

コウレイキ ノ セイシン ホケン ト ソーシャル サポート トクシュウ タノシク オイル

The result of"Successful Aging"depends on whether or not one can fulfill "the whole life, "leading a substantial life through the two phases of advanced age, namely, the early stage at which one can act lively and the later stage at which one needs to be attended on.The period of advanced age is called the period of loss.In other words, it is a period in which one is required to readjust oneself to the changes due to the independence of children, retirement, reduction of human relationships like parents\u27death, physical decline by aging, and the loss of health by illness.This monograph discusses through researches and case studies how the middle-aged and elderly are conscious of the vision of life, the objective of life, the network of human relationships, and mental arisis.It is made clear through discussion that one of the conditions necessary for making the "Successful Aging"possible is so-called mental health and that human relationships including conjugal partnership work as essential social support to back it up.It is also made in the process of analysis that there is a difference between men and women in the level of interest in their development, the range of their human relationships, and the degree of content with their spouse.Further analysis shows a clear tendency of elderly women toward resocialization and the tendency of elderly men toward isolation

Detection of oligoclonal IgG kappa and IgG lambda bands in cerebrospinal fluid and serum with Hevylite™ antibodies. comparison with the free light chain oligoclonal pattern

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Oligoclonal IgG bands in cerebrospinal fluid that are absent in serum indicate intrathecal IgG synthesis and are a sensitive marker of CNS inflammatory diseases, in particular multiple sclerosis. It may be of interest to determine whether these bands are predominantly IgGκ or IgGλ.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We have used Hevylite™ antibodies and developed a technique for detection of oligoclonal IgGκ and IgGλ bands by means of isoelectric focusing followed by immunoblotting. The same technique was used for oligoclonal free κ and free λ detection. Among several techniques tested, affinity immunoblotting appears to be the most sensitive; it can detect less than 1 ng of IgGκ or IgGλ paraprotein. We compared oligoclonal IgG profiles with those of oligoclonal IgGκ and IgGλ. There was good agreement concerning the presence or absence of intrathecal synthesis. We observed the ratios between oligoclonal IgGκ and IgGλ bands, and they did not always match the ratios between free κ and free λ bands. We were also able to detect antigen-specific CSF-restricted oligoclonal IgGκ and IgGλ bands in neuroborreliosis. It remains to be determined subsequently by a clinically-oriented prospective study, whether predominant IgGκ/IgGλ or free κ/free λ can be observed more frequently in particular diseases with oligoclonal IgG synthesis.</p> <p>Discussion</p> <p>Very sensitive detection of oligoclonal IgGκ and IgGλ bands in cerebrospinal fluid with Hevylite antibodies is feasible; detection of antigen-specific IgGκ or IgGλ is possible as well. In particular situations, e.g. when difficulties arise in distinguishing between oligoclonal and monoclonal pattern, the test may be of considerable clinical value.</p