O cristão e o esotero-ocultismo : reflexão pastoral sobre a magia, bruxaria e práticas supersticiosas

Este trabalho teve por objetivo explorar a relação e o conflito existentes entre os cristãos e o esotero-ocultismo, refletido na prática da bruxaria. Procedendo, à problematização de tal temática, optamos por traçar um caminho que partiu de uma aproximação aos conceitos, seguido de uma confrontação dos mesmos com a teologia, traduzida na Sagrada Escritura e nos Padres da Igreja, da observação geral da sociedade ao longo da história da Igreja cristã e, por último, do estudo da prática da bruxaria, nos cristãos da diocese de Braga. A partir de todo este percurso foi-nos permitido perceber não só as causas que levam os cristãos a negarem, consciente ou inconscientemente, o Senhorio de Deus, buscando respostas nas práticas esotéricas, como as atitudes que a Igreja deve agarrar na sua pastoral para ver este fenómeno a diminuir. No entanto, este trabalho não pretendeu esgotar esta temática, mas abrir portas para futuras reflexões e para uma possível mudança de paradigma na vida dos agentes pastorais da Igreja.The present investigation has as its primary goal to explore the relation and conflict between Christians and the ocult, mainly reflected in witchcraft. By putting such subject under the microscope, we have been able to approach some structural concepts, which we have paralleled with their theological counterparts, from the Scriptures, from the Fathers of Church, from the general social observation throughout the history of the Christian Church and, finally, from the impact of witchcraft in the Christians of the diocese of Braga, as a study case. This path has enabled not only the comprehension of the causes that impel Christians to, consciously or inconsciously, deny the Lordship of God, looking for answers in the occultism, but also an understanding of the attitudes Church must undertake in terms of her pastoral to further a decrease of the phenomenon. Nevertheless, this investigation has not intended to exhaust this subject, but to raise awareness for further research and, eventually, a paradigm shift in the life of the pastoral agents of Church

Especificação e implementação de um workflow numa plataforma para classificação e avaliação documental

Dissertação de mestrado em Engenharia InformáticaA substituição do papel pelo formato digital nas instituições e empresas tornou-se uma prática comum, sendo que algumas já extinguiram a utilização de formatos analógicos. As políticas europeias incentivam a que sejam adotadas medidas para a redução de papel. Desta forma, a administração pública tem abandonado a utilização de suportes analógicos, substituindo-os pelo formato digital, tendo as entidades públicas passado a prestar os seus serviços e a disponibilizar a documentação de forma eletrónica. A Plataforma “CLAV - Classificação e avaliação da informação pública” desenvolvida pela DGLAB pretende disponibilizar instrumentos, tal como a Lista Consolidada; a mediação des materializada da produção de tabelas de seleção; e a prestação de um serviço automatizado de controlo da eliminação da informação pública. A adoção de esquemas de metainformação para a interoperabilidade permite a disponibilização de uma linguagem comum aos vários organismos da Administração existente na Lista Consolidada, através da plataforma CLAV, permitindo ainda a integração com sistemas de informação organizacionais e a troca de informação entre entidades. Em concordância com os objetivos delineados para o desenvolvimento do projeto, realizou se um estudo sobre abordagens idênticas ao CLAV noutros países, onde foram identificadas as formas de classificação desenvolvidas e as tecnologias utilizadas para essa implemen tação, fazendo uma comparação com a abordagem de Portugal. O plano de trabalho do projeto dividiu-se então em três fases. Inicialmente realizou-se um estudo teórico acerca da abordagem de Andaluzia (Espanha) e a de Portugal. Seguiu-se com o desenvolvimento de um modelo gráfico acompanhando as especificações do Business Process Model and Notation e, por fim, a implementação e o desenvolvimento desse modelo na plataforma CLAV. Verificou-se que, após a implementação do workflow para a gestão dos pedidos, este tornou todo o processo mais simples e rápido para os responsáveis pelo tratamento destes, uma vez que todo o processo é realizado através da plataforma, não havendo a necessidade de transitar documentos físicos.The substitution of paper for digital format in institutions and companies has become a common practice, and some have already extinguished the use of analog formats. European policies encourage measures to reduce paper. In this way, the public administration has abandoned the use of analogue media, replacing them with the digital format, with public entities now providing their services and making documentation available electronically. The Platform “CLAV - Classification and Evaluation of Public Information” developed by DGLAB intends to provide instruments, such as the Consolidated List; the dematerialized mediation of the production of selection tables; and the provision of an automated service to control the elimination of public information. The adoption of metadata schemes for inte roperability allows a common language to be made available to the various Administration bodies in the Consolidated List, through the CLAV platform, also allowing integration with organizational information systems and the exchange of information between entities. In accordance with the objectives outlined for the development of the project, a study was carried out on approaches similar to CLAV in other countries, where the forms of classification developed and the technologies used for this implementation were identified, making a comparison with the approach of Portugal. The project’s work plan was then divided into three phases. Initially, a theoretical study was carried out on the approach of Andalusia (Spain) and that of Portugal. This was followed by the development of a graphic model following the specifications of the Business Process Model and Notation and, finally, the implementation and development of this model on the CLAV platform. It was found that, after the implementation of the workflow for order management, it made the whole process simpler and faster for those responsible for handling these orders, since the whole process is carried out through the platform, with no need to transit physical documents

Victor Frankenstein, um prometeu moderno? Sob o olhar do imaginário educacional

A nossa abordagem de Frankenstein centrou-se na revisitação do personagem Victor Frankenstein mais do que na sua criação pois só podemos compreender e explicar quem o monstro se tornou através do seu criador. O mito de Frankenstein é passível de múltiplas leituras. Dentro delas privilegiamos a educacional. Neste contexto desenvolvemos a nossa argumentação com base em três perguntas: 1. Quem era esse Victor Frankenstein segundo Mary Shelley?; 2. Quem pensamos nós ser Victor Frankenstein?; 3. Será que Victor Frankenstein é, verdadeiramente, um novo Prometeu, ou esse Prometeu, de facto, nunca se chegou a cumprir? Concluímos com um enfoque educacional respondendo negativamente à terceira pergunta.Our study of Frankenstein is centered in the person of Victor Frankenstein and not in his creature for we can only understand and explain his monster’s nature and behavior through his creator. This myth affords multiple readings and ours is an educational one. We ask three questions: 1. Who was this Victor Frankenstein according to Mary Shelley? 2. Who do we think he is? 3. Is Victor Frankenstein really a new Prometheus or an unfulfilled one? Always focused on an educational perspective we answer negatively the third question

Functionalization of CNTS with maleic anhydride

The outstanding properties of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) [1] are mainly related with their unique structural features. However, the high π-π staking between the tubes is a major drawback for their manipulation and interaction with other materials. Chemical functionalization has been used as a convenient tool to improve their performance in various applications [2]. The work reports the functionalization of multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with maleic anhydride via a Diels-Alder addition reaction, performed in dimethyl sulfoxide (190 ºC) or 2-chorotoluene (150 ºC) for 24 hours. The product was characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and the weight loss at 800 ºC was 11.9 and 3.7 % respectively. Potentiometric titration suggests that CNTs modified at 190 ºC remain predominantly in the anhydride form, while for CNTs modified at 150 ºC, the extent of hydrolysis is approximately 40 %. Maleic anhydride was also reacted with a model compound (anthracene) in dimethyl sulfoxide (190 ºC) and the hydrolysis of the product (0.025 mmol in 650 µL of DMSO-d6) was followed by 1H RMN upon addition of 0.166 mmol of DCl (40 % weight in D2O) (graphic in figure). The anhydride 1 was easily regenerated from the dicarboxylic acid 2 when this compound was heated at 185 ºC for 10 minutes. A similar behavior is expected for the modified CNTs.Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologi

Comportamento voltamétrico de perilenos bismides modificados em GCE e SPE

Uma das necessidades mais emergentes no planeta é a deteção e quantificação de diversos analitos prejudiciais aos seres vivos, presentes no meio ambiente, de uma forma rápida, com baixo custo e com elevada seletividade. Os screen printed electrodes (SPE) têm sido usados extensivamente como transdutores de sensores químicos para vários analitos importantes. A modificação da superfície dos SPEs com moléculas capazes de fazer o reconhecimento de diversos analitos traduz-se no aumento da seletividade do elétrodo, devido às interações entre as duas espécies [1]. Entre as técnicas de imobilização (covalente e não covalente) de moléculas na superfície dos SPE, destacamos a modificação não covalente, visto este ser um método rápido, com elevada reprodutibilidade, de baixo custo, e sem a necessidade de reações violentas para a superfície do sensor para formar a ligação covalente. A utilização de moléculas com estruturas capazes de formar ligações π com nanoestruturas de carbono [2] é uma vantagem, pois permite a adsorção de espécies que irão fazer o reconhecimento de analitos sem danificar a superfície da matriz principal mantendo assim as excelentes características das nanoestruras de carbono, como os nanotubos de carbono e as folhas de grafeno. (...

Non-covalent modification of voltammetric SPE sensors

Screen printed electrodes (SPE) are highly attractive as transducers of chemical sensors for the screening of a number of important analytes. The surface modification of these electrodes is easily carried out in order to achieve higher sensitivity. Carbon nanostructures have been extensively used for this purpose, as the number of active sites can be greatly increased. On the other hand, the immobilization of adequate functional groups is usually carried out to increase sensors selectivity through specific interactions between the immobilised chemical moieties and the analyte of interest. Among the techniques used to functionalize electrodes surface, non-covalent modification offer advantages related to the simplicity of the process and the reproducibility of the sensor operation. Recently a dopamine sensor based a perylene tetracarboxylic acid functionalized graphene sheets was developed [1]. In this work, voltammetric response of SPEs modified with CNTs functionalized by noncovalent bond using perylene modified using amino acids such as L-Tryptophan, L-Tyrosine and L-Cysteine is presented. The effect of the concentration ratio of CNT and perylene modified is studied analysing the response of model compounds, such as ascorbic acid and hydroquinone. The performance of these sensors is characterized regarding their catalytic activity

Fracture modelling of adhesively-bonded joints by an inverse method

Nowadays, any structure must have strength, robustness and lightness, which has increased the industrial interest and research efforts in adhesive joining, mainly in the improvement of strength and fracture properties of adhesives. Thus, in recent years, the use of adhesive joints in industrial applications has gradually grown, replacing some traditional bonding methods, since they have advantages such as reduced stress concentrations, reduced weight and cost, and ease of processing/manufacturing. In this work, the cohesive laws of three adhesives, Araldite® AV138, Araldite® 2015 and Sikaforce® 7752, were obtained by the application of an inverse adjustment method between the numerical and experimental load-displacement curves (P-d) of Double-Cantilever Beam (DCB) tests for tensile characterization and End-Notched Flexure (ENF) tests for shear characterization. Next, these laws were validated with experimental data of single-lap joints (SLJ) and double-lap joints (DLJ), using Abaqus®. For the Araldite® AV138 and Araldite® 2015, in tension and shear, the triangular law accurately predicted the behaviour of the SLJ and DLJ. For the Sikaforce® 7752, the triangular law did not suitably fit the experimental results. It was considered that, due to its ductility, the Sikaforce® 7752 is best modelled with a trapezoidal law

Formation of graphene nanoribbons in solution

Recently, the formation of graphene by exfoliation of carbon nanotubes (CNT) has shown increasing interest. This process originates graphene nanoribbons (GNR) that are expected to present excellent electrical properties, depending on their width and on their edge shape [1]. Several methods for the unzipping of graphene from CNT were proposed along the past few years [2-6]. These methods often present some limitation, such as low yield of GNR, or extensively oxidized GNR without electrical conductivity. Recently, the formation of GNR was observed “in situ” by unzipping of carbon nanotubes under ultra-high vacuum scanning tunneling microscopy (UHV STM) [7]. The CNT under observation were functionalized by the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction [8]. This particular functionalization route seems to be responsible for the unzipping of the CNT under STM imaging conditions. The present work demonstrates the formation of GNR in solution by unzipping of functionalized CNT, in different solvents. The GNR thus formed were analyzed by UV-vis and Raman spectroscopy, and by transmission electron spectroscopy. GNR bundles were deposited from an ethanol solution and observed by TEM.Institute for Nanostructures, Nanomodelling and Nanofabrication (I3N

Simple strategies for stable aqueous suspensions of carbon nanotubes

Carbon nanotubes (CNT) are attractive nanoparticles for biological applications due to their broad absorption of light in the UV-Vis-NIR, NIR photoluminescence, unique Raman signature, photothermal response, and large surface area for the covalent and non-covalent conjugation of contrast agents and drugs, DNA/RNA. However, pristine CNT are highly hydrophobic and not biocompatible, requiring functionalization with hydrophilic molecules in order to form stable aqueous suspensions. Here, simple functionalization methods of perylene bisimides and pyrene, to render these polyaromatic molecules amphiphilic, will be presented. Bolaamphiphilic perylene bisimides (PBI) were prepared by the reaction of perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride with -amino acids in good yield, using a simple protocol and avoiding complex purification methods. [1] Pyrene was modified by nitration followed by amination, and further reacted with maleic anhydride yielding carboxylic acid-functionalized pyrene. The CNT aqueous suspensions were studied by absorption and emission spectroscopy. Theoretical calculations were used to support the experimental observations. The possibility of CNT double functionalization (covalent and non-covalent) will be discussed based on CNT solubility studies in surfactant aqueous solutions. Pristine and covalently functionalized CNT, at different functionalization yields, were compared. The CNT were functionalized by the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of azomethine ylides. [2] The ability of CNT to adsorb surfactant molecules was reduced by the covalent functionalization. Nevertheless, depending on the extent of covalent functionalization, a high concentration of CNT in water could be attained, in comparison to that of pristine CNT.Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT

Anatomy Teaching at the School of Health Sciences of University of Minho

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio