EFEITOS TERATOGÊNICOS DO ÁLCOOL ASSOCIADOS AO SEU CONSUMO DURANTE A GESTAÇÃO

Atualmente, o consumo de álcool é um hábito no dia a dia das mulheres em idade reprodutiva devido a sua inserção no mercado de trabalho e sua conquista da independência financeira. Entre as gestantes o consumo de álcool parece estar relacionado a problemas emocionais que aparecem nesse período

DIABETES MELLITUS: RISCO POTENCIAL PARA LESÕES VASCULARES E MORTE

Diabetes mellitus é um conjunto de alterações metabólicas que tem como característica principal a hiperglicemia, sendo uma síndrome metabólica grave que leva a varias disfunções e quando não tratada causa insuficiência de vários órgãos, principalmente olhos, rins, nervos, cérebro e comprometendo também a integridade morfofuncional do endotélio vascular

Um olhar para a vulnerabilidade: análise da ausência de acesso à saúde pelos quilombolas no Brasil

Introduction: In Brazil, access to health care is a constitutional right guaranteed by the Unified Health System that provides, in its guiding principles, universality, and equity of access to health services. Objective: To analyze the factors associated with the quilombola population's access to health services. Methods: Cross-sectional study with 91,085 quilombolas. To measure the absence of access to health, the variables sex, ethnicity, work, disability, age group, illiteracy, place of residence, and average family income were used. The lack of access to health services was due to the identification of health care establishments by quilombola families in the Cadastro Único database. The association between socioeconomic characteristics and the lack of access to health services were assessed using the chi-square test and the measures of magnitude of the association and respective confidence intervals were estimated by Poisson Regression with robust variance. Results: Among the factors associated with access to health services for the quilombola population, it is observed that the group with the highest risk is the elderly quilombolas, who declare themselves indigenous and who reside in the central west region It is noted that in 2004 there was a reduction in the lack of access to health by quilombolas to health services, however, between 2005 and 2015, there is an increase in the lack of access to health by quilombolas, after that period there is an ascendancy of access to health by this population. Conclusion: Several factors are associated with access to health by quilombola populations, which, related to the inequalities experienced by this population, directly impact government actions.Introdução: No Brasil, o acesso à saúde é um direito constitucional garantido a partir do Sistema Único de Saúde que prevê, em seus princípios norteadores, a universalidade e a equidade de acesso aos serviços de saúde. Objetivo: Analisar os fatores associados ao acesso da população quilombolas aos serviços de saúde. Método: Estudo transversal com 91.085 quilombolas. Para mensurar a ausência do acesso à saúde utilizou-se as variáveis sexo, etnia, trabalho, deficiência, faixa etária, analfabetismo, local de domicílio e a renda média familiar. A ausência do acesso aos serviços de saúde se deu a partir da identificação dos estabelecimentos de assistência à saúde pelas famílias quilombolas na base de dados do Cadastro Único. A associação entre as características socioeconômicas e a ausência do acesso aos serviços de saúde foram avaliadas pelo teste qui-quadrado e as medidas de magnitude da associação e respectivos intervalos de confiança foram estimados por Regressão de Poisson com variância robusta. Resultados: Dentre os fatores associados ao acesso aos serviços de saúde da população quilombolas, observa-se que o grupo com maior risco são os quilombolas idosos, que se autodeclaram indígenas e que residem na região centro oeste. Nota-se que no ano de 2004 houve uma redução na ausência do no acesso à saúde dos quilombolas aos serviços de saúde, entretanto entre 2005 a 2015 iniciou-se um aumento na ausência do acesso à saúde, a partir desse período uma ascendência do acesso à saúde por parte dessa população. Conclusão: Diversos fatores estão associados ao acesso à saúde pelas populações quilombolas, os quais, relacionado às desigualdades vivenciadas por essa população, impactam diretamente nas ações governamentais

Acetylated cashew gum-based nanoparticles for the incorporation of alkaloid epiisopiloturine

The natural alkaloid epiisopiloturine has recently become the focus of study for various medicinal properties, particularly for its anti-inflammatory and antischistosomal effect. The incorporation of active molecules in natural polymeric matrices has garnered increasing interest during recent decades. A new derivative of cashew gum successfully obtained by gum acetylation has shown great potential as a carrier in controlled drug release systems. In this work, epiisopiloturine was encapsulated in acetylated cashew gum nanoparticles in order to increase solubility and allow slow release, whereas the morphology results were supported by computer simulations. The particles were produced under a variety of conditions, and thoroughly characterized using light scattering and microscopic techniques. The particles were spherical and highly stable in solution, and showed drug incorporation at high levels, up to 55% efficiency. Using a dialysis-based in vitro assay, these particles were shown to release the drug via a Fickian diffusion mechanism, leading to gradual drug release over approximately 6 h. These nanoparticles show potential for the use as drug delivery system, while studies on their potential anti-inflammatory action, as well as toxicity and efficacy assays would need to be performed in the future to confirm their suitability as drug delivery candidates.This work was conducted in partnership with the Polymer Laboratory of the Federal University of Ceará for polymer modification. The authors thanks Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) for the fellowships SFRH/BD/97995/2013 (AP) and SFRH/BD/95983/2013 (MPA), in the context of the POCH program. The work at UCIBIO/REQUIMTE was supported by FCT through project UID/MULTI/04378/2013 – POCI/01/0145/FEDER/007728 with financial support from FCT/MCTES through national funds and co-financed by FEDER, under the Partnership Agreement PT2020. The work at REQUIMTE/LAQV received financial support from the European Union (FEDER funds through COMPETE) and National Funds (FCT) through project UID/QUI/50006/2013. The computational time was provided by GRID-Unesp, SICC/IFSP and CENAPAD/SP. The authors also acknowledge CNPq and CAPES for a scholarship and financial aid.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Antibacterial and antifungal activity of curcumin and methylene blue associated with laser on bacterial and fungal strains

Objective: To analyze the effect of methylene blue and 10% curcumin in fungi and bacteria through an in vitro study using photodynamic therapy (PDT). Methods: Curcumin and methylene blue were photosensitized by a Photon Lase III laser applied for 90 s in a dark environment within a laminar flow chamber. Enterococcus faecalis and Candida albicans strains were cultured and standardized. Then, a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assay was conducted for these photosensitizers, with concentration variations and incubation to evaluate their antimicrobial activity. Results: With PDT, Curcumin had significant antibacterial activity against E. faecalis (MIC = 250 µg/mL). In contrast, methylene blue had antibacterial activity against E. faecalis (MIC < 12.5 µg/mL with PDT) and antifungal activity against C. albicans (MIC <12.5 µg/mL with or without PDT). Both agents showed greater efficacy in the presence of the laser. The results suggest that curcumin and methylene blue associated with laser may effectively treat microbial infections. Conclusion: Further research is needed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of using these agents in animal and human models and their effectiveness against different bacterial and fungal strains.

Copper nanoparticles stabilized with cashew gum: Antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity against 4T1 mouse mammary tumor cell line

Copper nanoparticles stabilized with cashew (CG-CuNPs) were synthesized by reduction reaction using ascorbic acid and sodium borohydride, using the cashew gum (CG) as a natural polymer stabilizer. Dynamic light scattering, atomic force microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, UV-Vis spectrophotometry, and x-ray diffraction were used to characterize the nanoparticles (CG-CuNPs), and copper was quantified by electrochemical measurement. The UV-vis spectra of the CG-CuNPs confirmed the formation of nanoparticles by appearance of a surface plasmon band at 580 nm after 24 h of reaction. The Fourier-transform infrared spectrum of CG-CuNPs showed the peak at 1704 cm−1 from cashew gum, confirming the presence of the gum in the nanoparticles. The average size of CG-CuNPs by dynamic light scattering and atomic force microscopy was around 10 nm, indicating small, approximately spherical particles. Antimicrobial assays showed that CG-CuNPs had activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 with a minimal inhibitory concentration of 0.64 mM. The cytotoxicity assay on BALB/c murine macrophages showed lower cytotoxic effects for CG-CuNPs than CuSO4·5H2O. Viability cell assays for CG-CuNPs at (0.250 mM) inhibited by 70% the growth of 4T1 LUC (4T1 mouse mammary tumor cell line) and NIH 3T3 cells (murine fibroblast cells) over a 24-h period. Therefore, CG-CuNPs can be used as an antimicrobial agent with lower cytotoxic effects than the CuSO4·5H2O precursor.The author would like to thank at UCM for performingDPV, USP by X-ray diffraction experiment, REQUIMTE/LAQV for FTIR, UnB and UFPI for the cytotoxicityassays, as well as at UFPI for help with DLS, UV-Vis,AFM, and microbiological experiments. This work was supported by Project 400398/2014-1—Desenvolvimento de Nanopartículas Estabilizadas com Goma de Cajueiro para Aplicações Biotecnologicas, financed by CNPq. AlexandraPlácido is grateful to FCT by her grant SFRH/BD/97995/2013, financed by POPH-QREN-Tipologia 4.1-Formação Avançada, subsidized by Fundo Social Europeu and Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Ensino Superior.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

PLANEJAMENTO E PROGRAMAÇÃO LOCAL EM SAÚDE (PPLS): UMA PROPOSTA PARA DESENVOLVIMENTO DE AÇÕES NA ATENÇÃO PRIMÁRIA À SAÚDE

A busca por modelos de atenção com ênfase na promoção da saúde vem proporcionando a diversificação de cenários para novas práticas de ensino nas escolas médicas do Brasil. O objetivo deste artigo foi descrever o uso do planejamento local no desenvolvimento de ações de saúde numa comunidade em Feira de Santana-Bahia. Trata-se de uma atividade desenvolvida pela disciplina "Práticas de Integração, Ensino, Serviço e Comunidade" (PIESC) do curso de medicina da Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana (UEFS). Para orientar as intervenções a serem realizadas, utilizou-se a Programação e Planejamento Local em Saúde (PPLS) que se constitui num instrumento metodológico voltado para a execução de práticas de promoção de saúde em nível local do Sistema Único de Saúde. Assim, foi construída uma planilha operativa elaborada a partir de agravos à saúde mais frequentes na área de abrangência da Unidade de Saúde da Família (USF) Gabriela II. Inicialmente, foram programadas 12 atividades. Contudo, houve necessidade de reformulação da proposta devido à reavaliação das oficinas, reduzindo o número de atividades propostas para dez. Foram avaliados no presente artigo variantes resultantes da PPLS como reflexo da participação de terceiros nas ações educativas, na habilidade em transpor obstáculos na efetivação das intervenções e interação entre comunidade, USF e alunos. As observações desta experiência de planejamento em saúde reforçam a importância da utilização do PPLS na programação das ações voltadas para o enfrentamento das necessidades de saúde da população