Investigation of low latitude scintillations in Brazil within the cigala project

Ionospheric scintillations are fluctuations in the phase and amplitude of the signals from GNSS satellites occurring when they cross regions of electron density irregularities in the ionosphere. Such disturbances can cause serious degradation on GNSS system performance, including integrity, accuracy and availability. The two indices internationally adopted to characterize ionospheric scintillations are: the amplitude scintillation index, S4, which is the standard deviation of the received power normalized by its mean value, and the phase scintillation index, σΦ, which is the standard deviation of the de-trended carrier phase. At low latitudes scintillations occur very frequently and can be intense. This is because the low latitudes show a characteristic feature of the plasma density, known as the equatorial anomaly, EA, for which a plasma density enhancement is produced and seen as crests on either side of the magnetic equator. It is a region in which the electron density is considerably high and inhomogeneous, producing ionospheric irregularities causing scintillations. The upcoming solar maximum, which is expected to reach its peak around May 2013, occurs at a time when our reliance on high-precision GNSS (such as GPS, GLONASS and the forthcoming GALILEO) has reached unprecedented proportions. Understanding and monitoring of scintillations are essential, so that warnings and forecast information can be made available to GNSS end users, either for global system or local augmentation network administrators in order to guarantee the necessary levels of accuracy, integrity and availability of high precision and/or safety-of-life applications. Especially when facing severe geospatial perturbations, receiver-level mitigations are also needed to minimize adverse effects on satellite signals tracking availability and accuracy. In this context, the challenge of the CIGALA (Concept for Ionospheric scintillation mitiGAtion for professional GNSS in Latin America) project, co-funded by the European GNSS Agency (GSA) through the European 7th Framework Program, is to understand the causes of ionospheric disturbances and model their effects in order to develop novel counter-measure techniques to be implemented in professional multi-frequency GNSS receivers. This paper describes the scientific advancements made within the project to understand and characterize ionospheric scintillation in Brazil by means of historical and new datasets

Dados climatológicos: Estação de Fortaleza, 2000.

Para a pesquisa agropecuária, os dados coletados em estações climatológicas são de suma importância, uma vez que possibilitam o monitoramento do clima, bem como o leventamento dos seus efeitos sobre pragas e doenças nas culturas, a estimativa da evapotranspiração, do volume e dos turnos de irrigação, dentre muitas outras finalidades básicas.bitstream/CNPAT-2010/8999/1/Ba-025.pd

Dados climatológicos: Estação de Fortaleza, 1998.

Para a pesquisa agropecuária, os dados coletados em estações climatológicas são de suma importância, uma vez que possibilitam o monitoramento do clima, bem como o leventamento dos seus efeitos sobre pragas e doenças nas culturas, a estimativa da evapotranspiração, do volume e dos turnos de irrigação, dentre muitas outras finalidades básicas.bitstream/CNPAT-2010/8989/1/Ba-015.pd

How have ecosystem services been incorporated into public policies and programs in Brazil?

Conferência Regional América Latina e Caribe da Ecosystem Services Partnership/ESP

Dados climatológicos: Estação de Fortaleza, 1999.

Para a pesquisa agropecuária, os dados coletados em estações climatológicas são de suma importância, uma vez que possibilitam o monitoramento do clima, bem como o leventamento dos seus efeitos sobre pragas e doenças nas culturas, a estimativa da evapotranspiração, do volume e dos turnos de irrigação, dentre muitas outras finalidades básicas.bitstream/CNPAT-2010/8994/1/Ba-020.pd

Renewal processes and fluctuation analysis of molecular motor stepping

We model the dynamics of a processive or rotary molecular motor using a renewal processes, in line with the work initiated by Svoboda, Mitra and Block. We apply a functional technique to compute different types of multiple-time correlation functions of the renewal process, which have applications to bead-assay experiments performed both with processive molecular motors, such as myosin V and kinesin, and rotary motors, such as F1-ATPase