Disordered Eating in Collegiate Athletes: Prevalence and Relationships with Body Composition

Performance pressures and emphasis on body weight and shape put collegiate athletes at risk for disordered eating. If not identified early, disordered eating behaviors could develop into a clinical eating disorder. While such behaviors are a known problem, prevalence rates are not well established in collegiate athletes. Disordered eating may also relate to physiological changes in athletes, such as body composition and performance, although this relationship is not well understood. The aims of this research were to 1) determine the prevalence of disordered eating risk in NCAA Division I student-athletes and 2) determine if such behaviors are related to baseline and changes in body composition over a competitive season. Athletes (n=58) competing in eight different sports (football, men’s and women’s soccer, women’s basketball, gymnastics, men’s and women’s track and field, and women’s diving), from an urban university, completed the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26) questionnaire and two dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) body composition scans, one at preseason and another at postseason. While no risk for disordered eating was found in this sample, visceral adipose tissue (VAT) was positively correlated with EAT-26 scores (r=0.661, p=0.038) among female gymnasts. Reasons for these findings are unclear; however, it is thought that the ethnic diversity of the sample played a role in the absence of disordered eating risk in this study. Further research is needed to better understand if ethnicity plays a role in disordered eating risk

Object categorisation, object naming, and viewpoint-independence in visual remembering: Evidence from young children's drawings of a novel object

A simple object-drawing task confirms a three-way association between object categorisation, viewpoint independence, and longer-term visual remembering. Young children (5- to 7-year-olds) drew a familiar object or a novel object, immediately after it had been hidden from view or on the following day. Both objects were shown from a full range of viewpoints or from just two viewpoints, from neither of which would either object normally be drawn after unrestricted viewing. When drawing from short-term memory after restricted viewing, both objects were most likely to be depicted from a seen viewpoint. When drawing from longer-term memory after restricted viewing, the novel object continued to be drawn from a seen viewpoint, but the mug was now most likely to be drawn from a preferred viewpoint from which it had not been seen. Naming the novel object with a novel count noun ("Look at this. This is a dax"), to signal that it belonged to an object category, resulted in it being drawn in the same way as the familiar object. The results concur with other evidence indicating that short-term and longer-term visual remembering are differentially associated with viewpoint-dependent representations of individual objects and viewpoint independent representations of object categories, respectively

The synthesis and chemistry of model compounds related to fluoropolybcers

The objectives of this research project were to synthesize and investigate the chemistry of model compounds related to the hexafluoropropene/vinylidene fluoride copolymer system. A number of compounds of this type were prepared which underwent a series of reactions in order to obtain definitive information about the chemical processes occurring during the cross-linking of the copolymer system with bis-nucleophiles. Further studies with the model compounds also indicated potential sites in the cured copolymers through which chemical degradation could take place, during their use in aggressive environments. Other investigations with the model compounds, together with unsaturated compounds derived from these systems, led to the observation of some very unusual chemistry. Lewis acid induced dehydrofluorination reactions with antimony pentafluoride led to the formation of a number of observable carbocations and a unique contiguous dication. This methodology was further developed in the treatment of saturated homopolymers, in which dehydrohalogenation by antimony pentafluoride led to formation of polyacetylene derivatives displaying intense colouration. In order to circumvent the formation of potential sites of chemical instability during the curing process with nucleophiles, a methodology was investigated in which cross-linking could occur via a free radical mechanism involving hemolytic bond cleavage of sterically demanding groups. A number of monomers containing a bulky pendant group were prepared and were investigated in order to determine their suitability to undergo copolymerisation with vinylidene fluoride. Copolymers obtained in this way were then examined to determine whether polymer radicals could be produced by thermally induced hemolytic bond scission of sites involving the sterically crowded groups. The results obtained clearly demonstrated that this type of cross-linking process is entirely feasible

Selenium impurity in sodium sulphate decahydrate formed by Eutectic Freeze Crystallization of industrial waste brine

Eutectic freeze crystallization (EFC) is a novel technique for the recovery of pure salt and pure water from hypersaline waste brines. It is therefore a promising technology for the treatment of industrial waste waters. The impurities caused by crystallizing salt out of multi-component brines by EFC have not yet been investigated, however. To these ends, the selenium impurity found in sodium sulphate, produced from the waste brine of a platinum operation, was investigated. It was believed that the similarity between sulphate and selenate ions allowed isomorphous substitution of selenate ions into the sodium sulphate crystals, which was the likely cause of impurity uptake. It was found that the presence of sodium chloride in the industrial brine promotes the uptake of selenium, while ionic strength of the brine and mass deposition rate of sodium sulphate did not have a significant effect on the selenium uptake. Isomorphous substitution is predicted to be the most significant mechanism by which all impurities will be taken up when applying EFC to other industrial waste brines

The Diagnosis of Periodontal Disease in Private Practice

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/141700/1/jper1572.pd

Smart structural health monitoring of mining support units.

Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of Natal, Durban, 2003.In the South African mining industry, the design of tunnel support systems is generally based on empirical methodologies that consider rockmass characteristics as well as the type of loading (e.g. seismic) that the excavation experiences. The design methodologies are by no means infallible, and work is continually being conducted to improve the classification of excavation conditions and thereby improve the selection of a suitable support system. This study is concerned with finding a means to monitor the installed support units rather than with improving the classification methodologies. It is postulated that with the extraction of accurate information describing the state of any support unit at any given time, areas of instability in the tunnel can be readily identified and strengthened~ Also, the information gathered as to the behaviour of the support units in a particular region can be used to assist in understanding the environmental characteristics of that region (rockmass, loading, etc.). A material survey was conducted to identify suitable candidates that could feasibly be used in either a passive (feedback when interrogated) or active (constant feedback) structural health monitoring system. The preferred candidates identified in this study are the group of passive smart materials referred to as TRIP steels, which are a subset of strain memory alloys. TRIP steels exhibit microstructural changes from paramagnetic austenite to ferromagnetic martensite as a function of increasing deformation at a given temperature.. The strength of the magnetic field at critical locations provides an indication as to the health state of the component. Because of their high strengths and ductility, TRIP steels can be used as what amounts to a self-monitoring support unit (interrogation apparatus required). Finite element methods are a practical means of predicting the mechanical and magnetostatic behaviour of TRIP steel structural members once material equations have been established by experiment

Embodied sovereignty : dialogues with contemporary aboriginal dance

Within Aboriginal communities, dance has a long history of embodying knowledge--operating as a way of psychologically infusing spaces with new energies, passing on knowledge systems and histories, and enlivening voice. The power of dance is evidenced by the way that colonial powers and hegemonic popular culture have simultaneously suppressed and (mis)appropriated dances originating in Native communities. By examining performance practice in relation to these traditions and histories, this thesis discusses Contemporary Aboriginal dance through a de-colonizing lens in order to demonstrate the capability performance has to create sovereign spaces for artists while considering dance within an Aboriginal context - as expressive visual culture with inseparable links to visual art, music, theater, and oral histories. Foregrounded by Indigenous epistemologies and world views, Western theories of contemporary performance from academic discourses accompany writings by performers and artists of color to illustrate how such theories merely abstract concepts Aboriginal dancers have been enacting for millennia. Dialogues with dancers Sandra Laronde, Gaétan Gingras, Jerry Longboat, and Michael Greyeyes, as well as narrative experiences of specific dance works make up a significant portion of the work and express common themes within the movements such as: embodiment rather than performance; the creation of sovereign, sacred, and alternative spaces; working through trauma and healing with the body; combating stereotypes and expectations; access to Blood Memory; experiential learning; and dance as knowledge and history