2,385 research outputs found
Restorative Justice-Informed Moral Acquaintance: Resolving the Dual Role Problem in Correctional and Forensic Practice
The issue of dual roles within forensic and correctional fields has typically been conceptualized as dissonance—experienced by practitioners— when attempting to adhere to the conflicting ethical requirements associated with client well-being and community protection. In this paper, we argue that the dual role problem should be conceptualized more broadly; to incorporate the relationship between the offender and their victim. We also propose that Restorative Justice (RJ) is able to provide a preliminary ethical framework to deal with this common ethical oversight. Furthermore, we unite the RJ framework with that of Ward’s (2013) moral acquaintance model to provide a more powerful approach—RJ informed moral acquaintance—aimed at addressing the ethical challenges faced by practitioners within forensic and correctional roles
Medication errors during simulated paediatric resuscitations: a prospective, observational human reliability analysis
Introduction: Medication errors during paediatric resuscitation are thought to be common. However, there is little evidence about the individual process steps that contribute to such medication errors in this context. Objectives: To describe the incidence, nature and severity of medication errors in simulated paediatric resuscitations, and to employ human reliability analysis to understand the contribution of discrepancies in individual process steps to the occurrence of these errors. Methods: We conducted a prospective observational study of simulated resuscitations subjected to video micro-analysis, identification of medication errors, severity assessment and human reliability analysis in a large English teaching hospital. Fifteen resuscitation teams of two doctors and two nurses each conducted one of two simulated paediatric resuscitation scenarios. Results: At least one medication error was observed in every simulated case, and a large magnitude (>25% discrepant) or clinically significant error in 11 of 15 cases. Medication errors were observed in 29% of 180 simulated medication administrations, 40% of which considered to be moderate or severe. These errors were the result of 884 observed discrepancies at a number of steps in the drug ordering, preparation and administration stages of medication use, 8% of which made a major contribution to a resultant medication error. Most errors were introduced by discrepancies during drug preparation and administration. Conclusions: Medication errors were common with a considerable proportion likely to result in patient harm. There is an urgent need to optimise existing systems and to commission research into new approaches to increase the reliability of human interactions during administration of medication in the paediatric emergency setting
Theory of Scanning Tunneling Spectroscopy of a Magnetic Adatom on a Metallic Surface
A comprehensive theory is presented for the voltage, temperature, and spatial
dependence of the tunneling current between a scanning tunneling microscope
(STM) tip and a metallic surface with an individual magnetic adatom. Modeling
the adatom by a nondegenerate Anderson impurity, a general expression is
derived for a weak tunneling current in terms of the dressed impurity Green
function, the impurity-free surface Green function, and the tunneling matrix
elements. This generalizes Fano's analysis to the interacting case. The
differential-conductance lineshapes seen in recent STM experiments with the tip
directly over the magnetic adatom are reproduced within our model, as is the
rapid decay, \sim 10\AA, of the low-bias structure as one moves the tip away
from the adatom. With our simple model for the electronic structure of the
surface, there is no dip in the differential conductance at approximately one
lattice spacing from the magnetic adatom, but rather we see a resonant
enhancement. The formalism for tunneling into small clusters of magnetic
adatoms is developed.Comment: 12 pages, 9 figures; to appear in Phys. Rev.
Glucosyltransferase phase variation in Streptococcus gordonii modifies adhesion to saliva-coated hydroxyapatite surfaces in a sucrose-independent manner
Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/72317/1/j.1399-302X.1992.tb00521.x.pd
Global properties of Stochastic Loewner evolution driven by Levy processes
Standard Schramm-Loewner evolution (SLE) is driven by a continuous Brownian
motion which then produces a trace, a continuous fractal curve connecting the
singular points of the motion. If jumps are added to the driving function, the
trace branches. In a recent publication [1] we introduced a generalized SLE
driven by a superposition of a Brownian motion and a fractal set of jumps
(technically a stable L\'evy process). We then discussed the small-scale
properties of the resulting L\'evy-SLE growth process. Here we discuss the same
model, but focus on the global scaling behavior which ensues as time goes to
infinity. This limiting behavior is independent of the Brownian forcing and
depends upon only a single parameter, , which defines the shape of the
stable L\'evy distribution. We learn about this behavior by studying a
Fokker-Planck equation which gives the probability distribution for endpoints
of the trace as a function of time. As in the short-time case previously
studied, we observe that the properties of this growth process change
qualitatively and singularly at . We show both analytically and
numerically that the growth continues indefinitely in the vertical direction
for , goes as for , and saturates for . The probability density has two different scales corresponding to
directions along and perpendicular to the boundary. In the former case, the
characteristic scale is . In the latter case the scale
is for , and
for . Scaling functions for the probability density are given for
various limiting cases.Comment: Published versio
Containing, embracing and hyper-activating Britishness: British-based foreign-owned firms
There are in the UK ownership forms different to the characteristics of Britishness – British-based foreign-owned firms where dominant owners may have differentiated control interests. These may contain, that is, override, national institutional characteristics embedded in a particular national capitalism. Accordingly, separating the agency of these firms from presumed business system structures may reveal how diverse patterns of firm ownership – those associated with British-based foreign-owned firms – can inform dynamic ownership developments in British capitalism which contain and hyper-activate Britishness. The article theorizes British-based foreign-owned firms and provides empirical detail on how ownership characteristics influence financial commitment and strategic control in 10 of these firms
Theory for Electron-Doped Cuprate Superconductors: d-wave symmetry order parameter
Using as a model the Hubbard Hamiltonian we determine various basic
properties of electron-doped cuprate superconductors like
and for a
spin-fluctuation-induced pairing mechanism. Most importantly we find a narrow
range of superconductivity and like for hole-doped cuprates -
symmetry for the superconducting order parameter. The superconducting
transition temperatures for various electron doping concentrations
are calculated to be much smaller than for hole-doped cuprates due to the
different Fermi surface and a flat band well below the Fermi level. Lattice
disorder may sensitively distort the symmetry via
electron-phonon interaction
Comparative analysis of total body irradiation (TBI)-based and non-TBI-based myeloablative conditioning for acute myeloid leukemia in remission with or without measurable residual disease
Early achievement of measurable residual disease (MRD)-negative complete remission as predictor of outcome after myeloablative allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation in acute myeloid leukemia
Spin-orbit Scattering and the Kondo Effect
The effects of spin-orbit scattering of conduction electrons in the Kondo
regime are investigated theoretically. It is shown that due to time-reversal
symmetry, spin-orbit scattering does not suppress the Kondo effect, even though
it breaks spin-rotational symmetry, in full agreement with experiment. An
orbital magnetic field, which breaks time-reversal symmetry, leads to an
effective Zeeman splitting, which can be probed in transport measurements. It
is shown that, similar to weak-localization, this effect has anomalous magnetic
field and temperature dependence.Comment: 10 pages, RevTex, one postscript figure available on request from
[email protected]
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