20 research outputs found
Diffusion with stochastic resetting at power-law times
What happens when a continuously evolving stochastic process is interrupted
with large changes at random intervals distributed as a power-law ? Modeling the stochastic process by diffusion and
the large changes as abrupt resets to the initial condition, we obtain {\em
exact} closed-form expressions for both static and dynamic quantities, while
accounting for strong correlations implied by a power-law. Our results show
that the resulting dynamics exhibits a spectrum of rich long-time behavior,
from an ever-spreading spatial distribution for , to one that is
time independent for . The dynamics has strong consequences on the
time to reach a distant target for the first time; we specifically show that
there exists an optimal that minimizes the mean time to reach the
target, thereby offering a step towards a viable strategy to locate targets in
a crowded environment.Comment: 8 pages, 3 figures. v2: Version published in Phys. Rev. E as a rapid
comm., includes Suppl. Ma
Absence of jamming in ant trails: Feedback control of self propulsion and noise
We present a model of ant traffic considering individual ants as
self-propelled particles undergoing single file motion on a one-dimensional
trail. Recent experiments on unidirectional ant traffic in well-formed natural
trails showed that the collective velocity of ants remains approximately
unchanged, leading to absence of jamming even at very high densities [ John et.
al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 108001 (2009) ]. Assuming a feedback control
mechanism of self-propulsion force generated by each ant using information
about the distance from the ant in front, our model captures all the main
features observed in the experiment. The distance headway distribution shows a
maximum corresponding to separations within clusters. The position of this
maximum remains independent of average number density. We find a
non-equilibrium first order transition, with the formation of an infinite
cluster at a threshold density where all the ants in the system suddenly become
part of a single cluster.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figure
Passive sliders and scaling: from cusps to divergences
The steady state reached by a system of particles sliding down a fluctuating surface has interesting properties. Particle clusters form and break rapidly, leading to a broad distribution of sizes and large fluctuations. The density-density correlation function is a singular scaling function of the separation and system size. A simple mapping is shown to take a configuration of sliding hard-core particles with mutual exclusion (a system which shows a cusp singularity) to a configuration with multiparticle occupancy. For the mapped system, a calculation of the correlation function shows that it is of the same scaling form again, but with a stronger singularity (a divergence) of the sort observed earlier for noninteracting passive particles
Passive Sliders on Fluctuating Surfaces: Strong-Clustering States
We study the clustering properties of particles sliding downwards on a
fluctuating surface evolving through the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang equation, a
problem equivalent to passive scalars driven by a Burgers fluid. Monte Carlo
simulations on a discrete version of the problem in one dimension reveal that
particles cluster very strongly: the two point density correlation function
scales with the system size with a scaling function which diverges at small
argument. Analytic results are obtained for the Sinai problem of random walkers
in a quenched random landscape. This equilibrium system too has a singular
scaling function which agrees remarkably with that for advected particles.Comment: To be published in Physical Review Letter
Condensation transition in a model with attractive particles and non-local hops
We study a one dimensional nonequilibrium lattice model with competing
features of particle attraction and non-local hops. The system is similar to a
zero range process (ZRP) with attractive particles but the particles can make
both local and non-local hops. The length of the non-local hop is dependent on
the occupancy of the chosen site and its probability is given by the parameter
. Our numerical results show that the system undergoes a phase transition
from a condensate phase to a homogeneous density phase as is increased
beyond a critical value . A mean-field approximation does not predict a
phase transition and describes only the condensate phase. We provide heuristic
arguments for understanding the numerical results.Comment: 11 Pages, 6 Figures. Published in Journal of Statistical Mechanics:
Theory and Experimen
Strong clustering of non-interacting, passive sliders driven by a Kardar-Parisi-Zhang surface
We study the clustering of passive, non-interacting particles moving under
the influence of a fluctuating field and random noise, in one dimension. The
fluctuating field in our case is provided by a surface governed by the
Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) equation and the sliding particles follow the local
surface slope. As the KPZ equation can be mapped to the noisy Burgers equation,
the problem translates to that of passive scalars in a Burgers fluid. We study
the case of particles moving in the same direction as the surface, equivalent
to advection in fluid language. Monte-Carlo simulations on a discrete lattice
model reveal extreme clustering of the passive particles. The resulting Strong
Clustering State is defined using the scaling properties of the two point
density-density correlation function. Our simulations show that the state is
robust against changing the ratio of update speeds of the surface and
particles. In the equilibrium limit of a stationary surface and finite noise,
one obtains the Sinai model for random walkers on a random landscape. In this
limit, we obtain analytic results which allow closed form expressions to be
found for the quantities of interest. Surprisingly, these results for the
equilibrium problem show good agreement with the results in the non-equilibrium
regime.Comment: 14 pages, 9 figure
Boundary-induced abrupt transition in the symmetric exclusion process
We investigate the role of the boundary in the symmetric simple exclusion
process with competing nonlocal and local hopping events. With open boundaries,
the system undergoes a first order phase transition from a finite density phase
to an empty road phase as the nonlocal hopping rate increases. Using a cluster
stability analysis, we determine the location of such an abrupt nonequilibrium
phase transition, which agrees well with numerical results. Our cluster
analysis provides a physical insight into the mechanism behind this transition.
We also explain why the transition becomes discontinuous in contrast to the
case with periodic boundary conditions, in which the continuous phase
transition has been observed.Comment: 8 pages, 11 figures (12 eps files); revised as the publised versio
Exact phase diagram of quasispecies model with mutation rate modifier
We consider an infinite asexual population with a mutator allele which can
elevate mutation rates. With probability , a transition from nonmutator to
mutator state occurs but the reverse transition is forbidden. We find that at
, the population is in the state with minimum mutation rate and at
, a phase transition occurs between a mixed phase with both nonmutators
and mutators and a pure mutator phase. We calculate the critical probability
and the total mutator fraction in the mixed phase exactly. Our
predictions for are in agreement with those seen in microbial populations
in static environments.Comment: Revised versio