An overview on Pathya and Apathya in Kaphaja Vikara

Kapha is one among the Tridoshas which gets vitiated in accordance with the diurnal and seasonal variations. There are many Dinacharya and Ritucharya procedures explained in classics to prevent or avoid the aggravation of Kapha and to tackle the diseases occurred due to Prakupita Kapha Dosha in Sareera. Acharya Susrutha has explained the treatment protocols in general as Shodhana, Shamana, Aahara and Aachara. Aahara is one among the Trayopasthambha which also signifies its importance in human existence. In Ayurvedic literature more importance has been given for disease prevention rather than curative. Therefore, for the successful treatment as well as prevention of Vyadhi, following Aahara in proper way is much important. Pathya is that which includes both Aahara and Aachara one should follow in his daily life. Almost all of the classical texts have quoted the term Pathya needed to practise and followed. Through this conceptual study on Pathya and Apathya of Kaphaja Vikara is an attempt to throw light over the possibilities of adopting a lifestyle which can prevent various disorders seen in the present era like Obesity, Hypertension, Diabetes mellitus and others which are affected mainly due to Kapha Prakopa

Exaggerated placental site reaction: case report of a rare benign trophoblastic lesion

Exaggerated placental site is a rare benign non-neoplastic trophoblastic lesion in which the intermediate trophoblastic cells extensively infiltrate into the endometrium and the underlying myometrium. The importance of this lesion lies in that the cells of this lesion display an identical morphological and immunophenotypic profile to the intermediate trophoblastic cells found placental site trophoblastic tumour, which are closely related neoplastic lesions Also differentials for this lesion are placental site nodule, choriocarcinoma and epithelioid trophoblastic tumour all of which have varied lines of treatment and interventions. We present a rare case of an exaggerated placental site reaction in a lady, who was in her first trimester of pregnancy and presented with signs of a septic abortion

Cyclical hematuria-ureteral endometriosis: a case report

Little attention has been paid for the renal involvement in endometriosis, a rare and silent disorder which ultimately lead to renal failure. Involvement most commonly may be limited to single ureter (left one) and it is usually involvement extrinsically. Although cases have been reported in the literature, true incidence of ureteral involvement is still not known. The diagnosis is difficult as the disease has non-specific symptoms. Only high index of suspicion with radiological support would be helpful in early diagnosis. Early cases may be benefited with progestin or Anti-aromatase therapy, most cases need surgery, either laparoscopically or laparotomy

A randomized comparative clinical study to evaluate the effect of Ghanavyoshadi Khanda over Vidarikandadi Khanda in Karshya w.s.r. to Underweight Children

Background: Undernutrition is one of the major causes of increased morbidity & mortality among children. One of the most emerging issues in the present scenario is having long-term effects on physical & cognitive development. Underweight is one of the cardinal determinants of under nutrition.  According to a 2019 report, India is ranked 102 out of 119 countries. As per NFHS 4 in India shows 35.7% under 5 children were underweight, 38.4% were stunted & 21% were wasted. Karshya is an Apatarpana Janya Vyadhi.  The trial was proposed to study the comparative effect of Ghanavyoshadi Khanda & Vidaryadi Khanda by using specific parameters for Karshya w.s.r. to underweight. Objective: To evaluate the comparative effect of Ghanavyoshadi Khanda over Vidarikandadi Khanda in the management of Karshya. Materials & Methods: Children of age group 2-5 years were selected from Kaumarabhritya OPD of SDM College of Ayurveda & Hospital, Udupi, also from nearby Anganwadi’s & preschool of Udupi. Selected subjects were randomly allocated into 2 groups of 15 patients each. Group A will be administered with Ghanavyoshadi Khanda along with Sukoshna Ksheera as Anupana twice daily before food and group B with Vidarikandadi Khanda along with Sukoshna Ksheera as Anupana twice daily after food for 1 month. Results: Children showed improvements in all aspects of Karshya w.s.r. to underweight like weight, height, MUAC, & BMI. Both the groups showed highly significant improvement in Kshut, Abyavarana Sakti & significant changes in Badhavitt. Insignificant changes in Alpapranaschakriya, Pipasa & Nidra. Conclusion: It was concluded clinically the consumption of Ghanavyoshadi Khanda & Vidaryadi Khanda along with Sukoshna Ksheera are equally effective in the management of Karshya w.s.r. to underweight in children

Zinc and copper levels in preeclampsia: a study from coastal South India

Background: Preeclampsia is one of the major causes of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Though the etiology is obscure, studies indicate the role of oxidative stress and antioxidants may have a role in the prevention of preeclampsia. Micronutrients such as copper and zinc are involved in the antioxidant defense mechanism.Methods: The present study was undertaken in a medical college hospital in coastal South India to assess the serum levels of zinc and copper in women with preeclampsia and to compare them with normal pregnant women. The blood samples from 60 preeclamptic women and an equal number of controls were analyzed for zinc and copper levels. Outcome of pregnancy was analyzed and compared. Data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation. Comparison of levels of the elements between the two groups was performed by independent t test and Chi square test and P value of <0.05 was considered as statistically significant.Results: The serum zinc and copper levels were significantly lower in the preeclamptic group compared to the normotensives. Also preeclamptic women were older, their BMI was higher and birth weight of babies lower compared to normotensives.Conclusions: Increased knowledge about the importance of specific antioxidant micronutrients and their part in successful pregnancy outcome should be the focus for future health strategies. Low levels of maternal copper and zinc are related to preeclampsia and might have a causal role in this disease. Further investigation is needed to establish the role of these elements in this dangerous condition of pregnancy

Type B Idiopathic Bone Defect of Mandible: An Etiopathogenic Dilemma

Etiopathogenesis of the pathologic lesions forms the basis for formulation of appropriate intervention and further prevention. There is still a vast unknown field that has to be explored to know the causative reason behind certain benign & malignant lesions. Idiopathic bone defects are nonodontogenic pseudocystic cavities that are seen in the long bones & jaw bones. Radiographic interpretation is at times inadequate in diagnosis of odontogenic & nonodontogenic radiolucent lesions involving jaw bones. Histopathology has different criteria to segregate this lesion. In this paper, we discuss a case of type B histopathological variant of idiopathic bone defect that may suggest an alternative pathogenesis from type A variant

The Neural Cell Adhesion Molecule Promotes Maturation of the Presynaptic Endocytotic Machinery by Switching Synaptic Vesicle Recycling from Adaptor Protein 3 (AP-3)- to AP-2-Dependent Mechanisms

Newly formed synapses undergo maturation during ontogenetic development via mechanisms that remain poorly understood. We show that maturation of the presynaptic endocytotic machinery in CNS neurons requires substitution of the adaptor protein 3 (AP-3) with AP-2 at the presynaptic plasma membrane. In mature synapses, AP-2 associates with the intracellular domain of the neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM). NCAM promotes binding of AP-2 over binding of AP-3 to presynaptic membranes, thus favoring the substitution of AP-3 for AP-2 during formation of mature synapses. The presynaptic endocytotic machinery remains immature in adult NCAM-deficient (NCAM−/−) mice accumulating AP-3 instead of AP-2 and its partner protein AP180 in synaptic membranes and vesicles. NCAM deficiency or disruption of the NCAM/AP-2 complex in wild-type (NCAM+/+) neurons by overexpression of AP-2 binding-defective mutant NCAM interferes with efficient retrieval of the synaptic vesicle v-SNARE synaptobrevin 2. Abnormalities in synaptic vesicle endocytosis and recycling may thus contribute to neurological disorders associated with mutations in NCAM

Dielectric properties of electron irradiated PbZrO<SUB>3</SUB> thin films

The present paper deals with the study of the effects of electron (8 MeV) irradiation on the dielectric and ferroelectric properties of PbZrO3 thin films grown by sol-gel technique. The films were (0.62 &#181;m thick) subjected to electron irradiation using Microtron accelerator (delivered dose 80, 100, 120 kGy). The films were well crystallized prior to and after electron irradiation. However, local amorphization was observed after irradiation. There is an appreciable change in the dielectric constant after irradiation with different delivered doses. The dielectric loss showed significant frequency dispersion for both unirradiated and electron irradiated films. Tc was found to shift towards higher temperature with increasing delivered dose. The effect of radiation induced increase of &#949;'(T) is related to an internal bias field, which is caused by radiation induced charges trapped at grain boundaries. The double butterfly loop is retained even after electron irradiation to the different delivered doses. The broader hysteresis loop seems to be related to radiation induced charges causing an enhanced space charge polarization. Radiation-induced oxygen vacancies do not change the general shape of the AFE hysteresis loop but they increase Ps of the hysteresis at the electric field forced AFE to FE phase transition. We attribute the changes in the dielectric properties to the structural defects such as oxygen vacancies and radiation induced charges. The shift in TC, increase in dielectric constant, broader hysteresis loop, and increase in Pr can be related to radiation induced charges causing space charge polarization. Double butterfly and hysteresis loops were retained indicative of AFE nature of the films

Post salpingectomy intraluminal endometriosis in a premenopausal lady - an incidental finding often paid less attention to

Endometriosis of the fallopian tube is often incidentally picked up in hysterectomy specimens that are sent for histopathological examination for other obvious pathological conditions. Post-salpingectomy endometriosis is one such entity that is known to occur in the tip of the proximal stump of the fallopian tube years after tubal ligation. As mere visualization of the endometriotic lesions is inadequate for an accurate diagnosis, histopathologic analysis of the biopsy samples becomes mandatory for confirmation. We report a case of post salpingectomy endometriosis which was incidentally discovered in a peri menopausal lady who was operated for multiple fibroids of the uterus. This case not only highlights an entity which is challenging to visualize radiologically and suspect clinically, but is also underrecognized, as very little attention is given to the fallopian tube during routine grossing.