La imaginación en el sistema de Ramón Llull

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Policy, politics and pendidikan: teacher deployment in Indonesia

The problem of uneven teacher deployment has long been recognized in Indonesia. With an overall ratio of approximately one teacher to 16 primary school students (1:13 in juniorsecondary), there is a substantial oversupply of teachers. However, these are poorly distributed. Urban schools are commonly overstaffed while schools in rural and isolated areas are understaffed. This situation creates inefficiencies within the system and penalizes poor and marginalized communities. The end result is a disparity in education quality between schools, and an overall constraint to quality improvement. A joint Five Minister Edict was issued in 2011, requiring all districts to redistribute teachers evenly and according to need. The edict was issued by the Ministers of Education, Religious Affairs, Finance, Home Affairs and State Bureaucracy. Although this regulation required the redistribution to be implemented by end of 2013, few districts have complied. The major challenges to implementation are vested political interests and local resistance. Teachers and their spouses (many of whom are civil servants) commonly provide a political support base for local politicians and are rewarded with attractive placements. In addition, districts lack the capacity to accurately map teacher distribution or conduct analysis to identify policy solutions. As teachers are under the authority of districts, the central and provincial governments have played no significant role. The USAID-funded PRIORITAS project developed and implemented a teacher deployment program known as Penataan dan Pemerataan Guru (PPG) in 23 districts. Using the national education database (DAPODIK) and working with local partners from the districts, universities and province-level education quality assurance agencies (LPMP), the project has successfully mapped teacher distribution, developed policy solutions, conducted public consultations (multistakeholder forums) and is supporting implementation in these districts. The program is being expanded to more districts and a national policy dialogue is underway. The analysis of teacher needs is based on minimum service standards and requirements of the curriculum (2006 and 2013). Results from the initial sample of 23 districts were collated at national level and are summarized in this paper. The policy solutions vary depending on local contexts. These include teacher transfers, incentives for remote placements, school mergers, multi-grade teaching, mobile teachers, and retraining teachers to enable them to teach different subjects or levels. Such policies have the potential to greatly improve the quality of education throughout the country by ensuring that schools are properly staffed, improving equity, and improving system efficiency, releasing funds for quality improvement

The association of criminal justice supervision setting with overdose mortality: a longitudinal cohort study.

Background and aimsDespite the high prevalence of substance use among people in the US criminal justice system, little is known about the incidence of overdose mortality by use patterns, drug convictions and supervision setting. We examined the associations between these characteristics and overdose mortality.DesignRetrospective cohort study.Setting and participantsIndividuals sentenced to prison, jail, probation or jail plus probation for a felony conviction in Michigan, USA from 2003 to 2006.MeasurementsUsing the National Death Index, we assessed overdose mortality to December 2012. We calculated overdose mortality rates by pre-sentence opioid use, drug convictions and supervision setting. Multivariable analyses were conducted using competing risks regression with time-varying covariates.FindingsAmong 140 266 individuals followed over a mean of 7.84 years [standard deviation (SD) = 1.52], 14.9% of the 1131 deaths were due to overdose (102.8 per 100 000 person-years). Over the follow-up, more than half of overdose deaths occurred in the community (57.7%), nearly a third (28.8%) on probation and 12.8% on parole. The adjusted risk of overdose death was lower on probation [hazard ratio (HR) = 0.71, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.60, 0.85] than in the community without probation or parole (HR = 1.00) but not significantly different on parole (HR = 1.13, 95% CI = 0.87, 1.47). Pre-sentence daily opioid use (HR = 3.54, 95% CI = 3.24, 3.87) was associated with an increased risk. Drug possession (HR = 1.11, 95% CI = 0.93, 1.31) and delivery convictions (HR = 0.92, 95% CI = 0.77, 1.09) were not significantly associated with overdose mortality.ConclusionsBased on the absolute or relative risk, parole, probation and community settings are appropriate settings for enhanced overdose prevention interventions. Ensuring that individuals with pre-sentence opioid use have access to harm reduction and drug treatment services may help to prevent overdose among people involved with the criminal justice system

Pengaruh Pengembangan Keprofesian dan Kepemimpinan Kepala Sekolah terhadap Kinerja Guru Sekolah Dasar Negeri Se-kecamatan Labuapi Kabupaten Lombok Barat

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pengembangan keprofesian dan kepemimpinan kepala sekolah terhadap kinerja guru. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian expost facto. Sampel penelitian ini berjumlah 66 orang guru Pegawai Negeri Sipil (PNS) Sekolah Dasar Negeri tersertifikasi di Kecamatan Labuapi yang ditentukan dengan teknik Simple Random Sampling. Instrumen pengumpulan data berupa kuesioner. Analisis data menggunakan teknik analisis deskriptif, analisis regresi dan analisis korelasi parsial. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan: 1) Pengembangan keprofesian berpengaruh terhadap kinerja guru dilihat dari nilai t hitung > t tabel yaitu 7,066 > 2,000, koefisien determinasi sebesar 43,8% dan koefisien korelasi parsial sebesar 0,597; 2) Kepemimpinan kepala sekolah berpengaruh terhadap kinerja guru dilihat dari nilai t hitung > t tabel yaitu 3,811 > 2,000, koefisien determinasi sebesar 18,5%, dan koefisien korelasi parsial sebesar 0,285; 3) Pengembangan keprofesian dan kepemimpinan kepala sekolah berpengaruh terhadap kinerja guru dilihat dari hasil F hitung > Ftabel yaitu 28,568 > 3,13, dan koefisien determinasi sebesar 47,6%. Hal ini berarti bahwa pengembangan keprofesian yang dilakukan guru setelah sertifikasi dan motivasi dari kepala sekolah melalui kepemimpinannya berpengaruh pada unjuk kerja guru dalam melaksanakan aktivitas pembelajaran. Oleh karena itu, peningkatan kinerja guru dapat diupayakan melalui pengembangan keprofesian setelahsertifikasi dan peningkatan fungsi kepemimpinan kepala sekolah

From evidence-base to practice: implementation of the Nurse Family Partnership programme in England

The aims of this article are to highlight the issues that are relevant to the implementation of a rigorously evidence-based programme of support, the Nurse Family Partnership programme, into a national system of care. Methods used are semi-structured interviews with families in receipt of the programme in the first 10 sites, with the nursing staff, with members of the central team guiding the initiative and with other professionals. Analyses of data collected during programme delivery evaluate fidelity of delivery. The results indicate that the programme is perceived in a positive light and take-up is high, with delivery close to the stated US objectives. Issues pertaining to sustainability are highlighted - in particular, local concerns about cost set against long-term rather than immediate gains. However, local investment is predominantly strong, with creative methods being planned for the future. Overall, the study shows that within an NHS system of care it is possible to deliver a targeted evidence-based programme

MEMBANGUN GERAKAN BUDAYA POLITIK DALAM SISTEM POLITIK INDONESIA

Artikel ini membahas tentang membangun budaya politik Indonesia. Fenomena yang terjadi mengindikasikan bahwa budaya politik Indonesia belum memiliki identitas yang jelas dan ajeg. Budaya politik masyarakat idealnya mampu berkontribusi melalui tindakan-tindakan konstruktif dalam sistem politik. Untuk itu perlu upaya konstruktif, fokus dan terprogram dalam pembangunan budaya politik Indonesia yang dilakukan melalui program pendidikan formal maupun non formal. Membangun keteladanan merupakan wujud dari gerakan budaya politik Indonesia. Upaya membangun gerakan budaya politik Indonesia merupakan tanggung jawab pemerintah, partai politik dan masyarakat yang dilakukan secara konstruktif

DESENTRALISASI PENDIDIKAN DALAM PENYELENGGARAAN OTONOMI DAERAH DI INDONESIA

Desentralisasi politik (demokratik) sebagai konsep desentraliasi yang ideal dalam penyelenggaraan pemerintahan daerah belum optimal dalam pelaksanaannya. Pada kasus penyelenggaraan desentralisasi pendidikan yang paling utama adalah ketersediaan pendanaan penyelenggaraan pendidikan. Kemampuan pemerintah daerah dalam komitmen anggaran APBD belum sepenuhnya terpenuhi. Partisipasi masyarakat sebagai indikator dari otonomi daerah menjadi penting diwujudkan dalam mencapai tujuan dari desentralisasi pendidikan

MEMBANGUN GERAKAN BUDAYA POLITIK DALAM SISTEM POLITIK INDONESIA

Artikel ini membahas tentang membangun budaya politik Indonesia. Fenomena yang terjadi mengindikasikan bahwa budaya politik Indonesia belum memiliki identitas yang jelas dan ajeg. Budaya politik masyarakat idealnya mampu berkontribusi melalui tindakan-tindakan konstruktif dalam sistem politik. Untuk itu perlu upaya konstruktif, fokus dan terprogram dalam pembangunan budaya politik Indonesia yang dilakukan melalui program pendidikan formal maupun non formal. Membangun keteladanan merupakan wujud dari gerakan budaya politik Indonesia. Upaya membangun gerakan budaya politik Indonesia merupakan tanggung jawab pemerintah, partai politik dan masyarakat yang dilakukan secara konstruktif

Pembangunan Wilayah Secara Berimbang

The ideal region development is the balance inter regional development. Disparity of region development in Indonesia has been in pathetic condition both in the balance between rural and urban area and inter regional of the west, middle, and east of Indonesia area as well. One of the efforts that can be done is from the development planning process both in sectoral and development area. The prudence in planning is preventive action to produce the exact output policy