How Classroom Teachers Promote their Students’ Ability of Help-Seeking in their Classes(2) : The relations among teachers’ supports, classroom climate and help-seeking

The ability of help-seeking could be very important to adopt their school life for children and students. The purpose of this study is to examine how classroom teachers promote their students’ ability about it. Twenty classroom teachers and their students, totally seven hundred and seven students from 5th graders to 8th graders participate in this research. First, teachers answered about their supports in classrooms according to three strategies, they were through cognitive change, through ability of help-seeking, intention for it and solidarity among their classroom. We discussed about the effectiveness of three strategies, developmental differences to use them and the effectiveness the solidarity of classroom. Additionally, we discussed classroom teacher should be key person to promote help-seeking ability of their children and students

A novel role of Robol+ olfactory ensheathing cells in dorsoventral targeting of olfactory sensory neurons in mouse

学位の種別:課程博士University of Tokyo(東京大学

他者理解尺度の作成と活用実践

本研究では自己理解研究に役立つ知見を得るために、(1）他者理解尺度の作成と(2）活用実践を行った。その結果、(1）33項目からなる他者理解尺度が作成された。因子分析の結果、「現状の他者理解度」「他者理解欲求」「他者受容度」「他者分析欲求」の 4因子が抽出され、信頼性と妥当性がおおむね確認された。(2）自己理解尺度(青木、2009）と他者理解尺度の活用実践を行った。自己－他者理解プログラムを用いて、実験群と統制群について t検定を行った結果、両群間に有意差が見られ、尺度はともに自己理解と他者理解を測定するものであることが示された。今後は、これらの尺度を用いて自己理解および他者理解を多角的に把握し、学生の発達支援に有効に活用することが望まれる。This study discusses the development of the Understanding Others scale and its practical usefulness for further research in self-understanding. First, a 33-item Understanding Others scale was constructed for determining some key aspects. Factor analysis indicated four important factors: "degree of present understanding of others", "need for understanding others", "degree of acceptance of others", and "need to analyze others". The reliability and validity of the scale were satisfactorily confirmed. Second, the Self-Understanding scale (Aoki, 2009) and the Understanding Others scale were studied together in a program for self-other understanding. The difference between the experimental and control groups in the results of a t-test was significant and suggested that the scales were valid for measuring self-understanding and the understanding of others. In the future, the self-understanding of students and the understanding of others need to be developed multilaterally; in addition, there is a need to contribute to developmental support for college students

森田療法的アプローチによる心理教育 -日記療法の手法を用いて-

森田療法の技法にある日記療法に着目した演習を作成し、 その実施において心理教育効果を検討した。 演習前後に実施した森田神経質に関する尺度の検定結果からは、 全 8 項目のうち 5 項目において有意差または有意傾向が認められた。 日記のコメントを書く演習では、 答えの正否にとらわれて不安になる学生もいたが、 段階を踏みながらコメントをしていく構成やグループで分かち合いを行うことで、 自らの考え方・捉え方の見直しがなされ、 不安の軽減に繋がったことが示唆された。 今後は、 データ数を増やすことをはじめ、 学生に森田療法の考えを分かりやすく伝え理解してもらい、 日常生活に活用してゆけるように演習内容を改善してゆくことが課題である。The author examined the effect of psycho-education using the diary therapy method based on Morita psychotherapy. The pre-post results of the Morita neurosis scale yielded significant differences or significant tendency for five of eight items. Some students who had the idea that there must be a correct way to write the diary were anxious about the process. However, by teaching the steps gradually and allowing time for sharing this mistaken idea was corrected and their anxiety alleviated. Future research should include more subjects, better exposition of Morita Therapy, and psycho-education contents more closely connected with daily life

森田療法的アプローチによる心理教育

相談に役立つ考え方の提供と、 青年期の発達支援を目的に心理教育を実施した。 演習前後に実施した森田神経質に関連する質問紙の t 検定結果からは、 全8項目のうち 5項目において有意差が認められた。 これらの結果と学生からの感想を分析した結果、 1) グループワークの効果、 2) とらわれに焦点をあてた事例検討の効果、 3) 学生自身の事例への同一化が達成感や満足感、 自己肯定感を引き出したことが考察された。今回の演習は、 問題の明確化、 森田療法の理解、 学生の意識の変化と性格理解をもたらしたが、 今後も心理教育のより一層の改善と工夫が求められる。The author used psycho-education as an adjunct approach for consultation and as a help development support in adolescence. Using a t-test on the results of the Morita neurosis scale yielded significant differences for five of eight items. Reflection on these results and the comments of the students the author could affirm the following.1) The effectiveness of group work, 2) The effectiveness of focusing on "being stuck" with the case studies, 3) Feelings of accomplishment, satisfaction, and self-affirmation that were evident in the students themselves as they reflected on themselves in the case studies.These results brought about a clarification of problems, an understanding of Morita psychotherapy, and a change in college students\u27 consciousness and character understanding. In the future, more improvements to psycho-education are needed

Interplay of magnetism, Fermi surface reconstructions, and hidden-order in the heavy-fermion material URu2_2Si2_2

URu$_2$Si$_2$ is surely one of the most mysterious of the heavy-fermion compounds. Despite more than twenty years of experimental and theoretical works, the order parameter of the transition at $T_0 = 17.5$ K is still unknown. The state below $T_0$ remains called "hidden-order phase" and the stakes are still to identify the energy scales driving the system to this phase. We present new magnetoresistivity and magnetization measurements performed on very-high-quality single crystals in pulsed magnetic fields up to 60 T. We show that the transition to the hidden-order state in URu$_2$Si$_2$ is initially driven by a high-temperature crossover at around 40-50 K, which is a fingerprint of inter-site electronic correlations. In a magnetic field $\mathbf{H}$ applied along the easy-axis $\bf{c}$, the vanishing of this high-temperature scale precedes the polarization of the magnetic moments, as well as it drives the destabilization of the hidden-order phase. Strongly impurity-dependent magnetoresistivity confirms that the Fermi surface is reconstructed below $T_0$ and is strongly modified in a high magnetic field applied along $\mathbf{c}$, i.e. at a sufficiently-high magnetic polarization. The possibility of a sharp crossover in the hidden-order state controlled by a field-induced change of the Fermi surface is pointed out.Comment: 10 pages, 6 figures, accepted in Physical Review

Female sexual behavior in mice is controlled by kisspeptin neurons.

Sexual behavior is essential for the survival of many species. In female rodents, mate preference and copulatory behavior depend on pheromones and are synchronized with ovulation to ensure reproductive success. The neural circuits driving this orchestration in the brain have, however, remained elusive. Here, we demonstrate that neurons controlling ovulation in the mammalian brain are at the core of a branching neural circuit governing both mate preference and copulatory behavior. We show that male odors detected in the vomeronasal organ activate kisspeptin neurons in female mice. Classical kisspeptin/Kiss1R signaling subsequently triggers olfactory-driven mate preference. In contrast, copulatory behavior is elicited by kisspeptin neurons in a parallel circuit independent of Kiss1R involving nitric oxide signaling. Consistent with this, we find that kisspeptin neurons impinge onto nitric oxide-synthesizing neurons in the ventromedial hypothalamus. Our data establish kisspeptin neurons as a central regulatory hub orchestrating sexual behavior in the female mouse brain

Prolactin-sensitive olfactory sensory neurons regulate male preference in female mice by modulating responses to chemosensory cues

Chemosensory cues detected in the nose need to be integrated with the hormonal status to trigger appropriate behaviors, but the neural circuits linking the olfactory and the endocrine system are insufficiently understood. Here, we characterize olfactory sensory neurons in the murine nose that respond to the pituitary hormone prolactin. Deletion of prolactin receptor in these cells results in impaired detection of social odors and blunts male preference in females. The prolactin-responsive olfactory sensory neurons exhibit a distinctive projection pattern to the brain that is similar across different individuals and express a limited subset of chemosensory receptors. Prolactin modulates the responses within these neurons to discrete chemosensory cues contained in male urine, providing a mechanism by which the hormonal status can be directly linked with distinct olfactory cues to generate appropriate behavioral responses