Genetic diversity and phylogenetic analyses of 11 cohorts of captive rhesus macaques from Chinese zoos

Rhesus macaques are raised in almost every Chinese zoo due to their likeability and ease in feeding; however, little is yet known about the genetic diversity of rhesus macaques in captivity. In this study, a 475-base pair nucleotide sequence of the mitochondrial DNA control region was obtained from the fecal DNA of 210 rhesus macaque individuals in captivity. A total of 69 haplotypes were defined, 51 of which (73.9%) were newly identified. Of all haplotypes, seven were shared between two zoos, and 62 haplotypes (89.8%) appeared only in a specific zoo, indicating a low rate of animal exchange between Chinese zoos. Moreover, there was a relatively high level of genetic diversity among the rhesus macaques (Hd = 0.0623 ± 0.0009, Pi = 0.979 ± 0.003, K = 28.974). Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that all haplotypes were clearly clustered into two major haplogroups—Clade A (southeastern China) and Clade B (southwestern China)—and each major clade contained several small sub-haplogroups. The haplotypes of rhesus macaques from the same zoo were not clustered together for the most part, but scattered among several subclades on the phylogenetic tree. This indicates that the rhesus macaques in most Chinese zoos may originat from a diverse collection of geographical areas. Our results demonstrate that zoos play an important role in the conservation of the genetic diversity of rhesus macaques, as well as provide useful information on the genetic management of captive rhesus macaques

Comprehensive transcriptional profiling of aging porcine liver

Background Aging is a major risk factor for the development of many diseases, and the liver, as the most important metabolic organ, is significantly affected by aging. It has been shown that the liver weight tends to increase in rodents and decrease in humans with age. Pigs have a genomic structure, with physiological as well as biochemical features that are similar to those of humans, and have therefore been used as a valuable model for studying human diseases. The molecular mechanisms of the liver aging of large mammals on a comprehensive transcriptional level remain poorly understood. The pig is an ideal model animal to clearly and fully understand the molecular mechanism underlying human liver aging. Methods In this study, four healthy female Yana pigs (an indigenous Chinese breed) were investigated: two young sows (180-days-old) and two old sows (8-years-old). High throughput RNA sequencing was performed to evaluate the expression profiles of messenger RNA, long non-coding RNAs, micro RNAs, and circular RNAs during the porcine liver aging process. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis was performed to investigate the biological functions of age-related genes. Results A number of age-related genes were identified in the porcine liver. GO annotation showed that up-regulated genes were mainly related to immune response, while the down-regulated genes were mainly related to metabolism. Moreover, several lncRNAs and their target genes were also found to be differentially expressed during liver aging. In addition, the multi-group cooperative control relationships and constructed circRNA-miRNA co-expression networks were assessed during liver aging. Conclusions Numerous age-related genes were identified and circRNA-miRNA co-expression networks that are active during porcine liver aging were constructed. These findings contribute to the understanding of the transcriptional foundations of liver aging and also provide further references that clarify human liver aging at the molecular level

Individual Professional Practice in the Company

Import 23/08/2017Cílem této bakalářské práce je popsat absolvování odborné praxe ve firmě HS Interactive s.r.o. Praxe byla zaměřena na vývoj mobilní aplikace pro operační systém Android. Aplikace je mobilním klientem pro sociální síť MatchToMe. V úvodu popisuji důvody, které vedly k výběru odborné praxe. Dále se věnuji úkolům, které mi byly zadány s jejich implementací a postupem řešení problémů, které se objevily při vývoji. Závěr práce je věnován zhodnocení získaných zkušeností a dosažených výsledků.Purpose of this bachelor thesis is to describe a professional practice in company HS Interactive s.r.o. Practice was focused on the development of mobile application for the operating system Android. The application is a mobile client for social network MatchToMe. In the introduction I describe reasons that led to the selection of professional practice. Then I describe tasks that I have been awarded with their implementations and process of solution issues that have emerged during development. The conclusion of thesis is dedicated to the evaluation of the experience gained and the results achieved.440 - Katedra telekomunikační technikyvýborn

A Preliminary Study on the Effect of Replacing Part of Fishmeal by Brewer's Yeast in Feeding Taiwan Loach

In this experiment, brewer's yeast was used to replace part of the fish meal in the feed to formulate a high-fat and low-protein feed for Taiwan loach. The effects of brewer's yeast on the growth performance, muscle quality, hepatopancreas and pancreas carnitine content, intestinal flora, immunity, and antioxidant ability of Taiwan loach were preliminarily investigated. In experiment 1, 600 Taiwan loaches were randomly divided into 4 groups, and 1% (group A), 4% (group B), 8% (group C), and 12% (group D) of brewer's yeast was substituted for an equal amount of fishmeal in the basal diets. The loaches in each group were fed for 60 d. In experiment 2, 60 Taiwan loaches were selected and randomly divided into a control group (Group E) and a test group (Group F). The loaches were fed the basal diet and the high-fat and low-protein diet supplemented with 8% fishmeal, replaced by brewer's yeast. The experiment lasted for 60 days, and the growth performance, hepatopancreas carnitine content, muscle quality, intestinal flora, plasma antioxidant, and immune capacity indices of loaches in each group were determined. The results were as follows: the weight gain rate and specific growth rate were significantly higher in group C than those in groups A, B, and D (P ); the intestinal length ratio, muscle hardness, hepatopancreatic carnitine content, plasma superoxide dismutase activity, catalase activity, total antioxidant capacity, and lysozyme activity were significantly greater in group F than those in group E (P ); the Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium counts in Group F were considerably higher than those in Group E (P ), and the Salmonella counts in Group F was significantly lower than that in Group E (P ); the survival rate, weight gain rate, bait coefficient, muscle crude protein, crude fat, viscosity, elasticity, cohesion, chewability, and restorative capacity were not significantly different between Group F and Group E (P > 0.05). The above results showed that adding 8% brewer's yeast to feed Taiwan loach instead of fish meal could enhance its hepatopancreatic carnitine synthesis, optimize the intestinal flora, improve the body's immune and antioxidant ability, and have a certain promotional effect on the intestinal development and muscle quality improvement

The complete mitochondrial genome of Paroplapoderus tentator Faust (Coleoptera: Attleabidae)

For the first time, we report the complete mitochondrial genome of Paroplapoderus tentator Faust, which is 163,47 bp in length. The total number of genes in the genome was 41, including 13 PCGs; 2 rRNA genes; 19 tRNA genes; and 7 replication initiation region OHs. The genome consisted of 39.32% A, 34.17% T, 9.75% C, and 16.76% G. Phylogenetic trees indicate that Paroplapoderus is closely related to Apoderus. This study provided additional information on molecular biology for the research of Attelabidae, laying the foundation for further research on their phylogenetics

The complete mitochondrial genome sequence and phylogenetic analysis of yellow weasel (Mustela sibirica)

In this study, we determined the complete mitochondrial genome sequence of the Mustela sibirica. The complete mitogenome of M. sibirica is 16,529 bp in length and consist of 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 2 rRNA genes, 22 tRNA genes, and a D-loop region. The overall base composition of the mitochondrial DNA is 32.88%A, 13.84%G, 27.32%T, and 25.96%C. The phylogenetic tree of the family Mustelidae constructed by using mitogenome sequences from 10 mustelid species of the family Mustelidae. These results provide necessary information for molecular phylogeny and evolutionary analysis of the M. sibirica

Phylogenetic and characterization of the complete mitochondrial genome relationship of Argali sheep (Ovis ammon)

In this study, we sequenced the complete mitochondrial genome of Argali sheep (Ovis ammon). The total length was 16,612 bp, which contained 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 tRNA genes, 2 rRNA genes, and a control region (D-loop). Eight tRNA genes with one PCG (ND6) encoded on the L-strand, others were encoded on the H-strand. The neighbor-joining analysis shows that Argali sheep has a close relationship with the same genus species of Ovis aries and Ovis orientalis. This study has provided new data for the phylogeny of Argali sheep

Phylogenetic and characterization of the complete mitochondrial genome relationship of Black-headed Sibia (Heterophasia melanoleuca)

In this study, we sequenced the complete mitochondrial genome of Black-headed Sibia. The total length was 17864 bp, which contained 13 protein-coding genes(PCGs), 22 tRNA genes, 2 rRNA genes, and 2 control regions (D-loop). Eight tRNA genes with one PCG(ND6) encoded on the L-strand, others were encoded on the H-strand. The neighbor-joining analysis shows that Black-headed Sibia has a close relationship with the genus of Leiothrix and Minla. This study had further provided a proof for the genetics and evolution of Black-headed Sibia

The complete mitochondrial genome and phylogenetic analysis of red-and-white giant flying squirrel (Petaurista alborufus)

Red-and-white giant flying squirrel (Petaurista alborufus) is a widely distributed but rarely studied species. Here, we sequenced the complete mitochondrial genome about it, which is a circular genome of 16,511 bp and have a typical structure with mammals. The base composition shows higher composition of A\T. There are 61 variations and eight base deletions between two sequences when compared with the reported sequence (JQ743657). In this study, we obtain a new mitochondrial genome sequence of red-and-white giant flying squirrel, which provide novel molecular information that could prove fundamental to our understanding of diversity research and phylogenetic structure

Complete mitochondrial genome sequence of tufted deer (Elaphodus cephalophus) with phylogenetic analysis

The complete mitochondrial genome of tufted deer (Elaphodus cephalophus) has been described in our research. The sequence of this genome is 16356 bp with a circular structure, and contains 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes, two ribosomal RNA genes, and one control region. When compare with the reference sequence (DQ873526), it shows that there are 262 variations, 4 base deletions and 13 base insertions. In this study we obtain a new complete mitochondrial genome sequence of tufted deer that provide effective molecular information for the diversity research and phylogenetic structure