Empathy and Role Modeling. is IT Missing?

Let me start by congratulating the dedicated team of Pakistan Journal of Surgery and Medicine (PJSM) whose untiring effort brought this journal of International standard. I have the honor to be part of this professional and enthusiastic galaxy of highly intellectual writers. Insha'Allah you will witness the glory of this journal very soon

Studi Laju Pertumbuhan Lamun (Enhalus Acoroides) Di Perairan Pantai Desa Tanjung Tiram Kabupaten Konawe Selatan

Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di perairan Desa Tanjung Tiram yang berlangsung pada bulan April sampai dengan Juli 2014, dengan penempatan 3 stasiun penelitian yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui kecepatan pertumbuhan daun lamun dan daun baru lamun serta mengidentifikasi faktor fisika-kimia dan substrat yang mempengaruhi pertumbuhan lamun. Hasil pengamatan kualitas perairan pada setiap titik stasiun berupa nilai suhu (28-31oC), salinitas (28-33o/oo), pH (6-7), kecepatan arus (0,046-0,147 m/dtk), kedalaman (34-78cm), kecerahan (34-78cm), nitrat (0,0077-0,0271 mg/l), dan fosfat (0,0011-0,0096 mg/l), serta substrat dasar perairan berupa lumpur berpasir dan pasir berlumpur. Jenis lamun Enhalus acoroides didapatkan memiliki kecepatan pertumbuhan daun sebesar 7,167-15,749 mm/minggu atau 1,024-2,249 mm/hari dan pertumbuhan daun baru sebesar 8,715-14,532 mm/minggu atau 2,905-4,76 mm/hari. Faktor tekstur substrat mempengaruhi laju pertumbuhan lamun E. acoroides di Perairan Desa Tanjung Tiram

Rancang Bangun Model Alat Uji Teras Reaktor Nuklir Small Modular Reactor (SMR) Dengan Fluida Pendingin H2O Untuk Kondisi Konveksi Paksa

Heat transfer performance poor will have a negative impact on the reactor system which in turn could affect the release of radioactive substances into the surrounding environment so as to endanger the safety of the environment and living things that exist around the reactor. The purpose of this research is to create or design a testing tool wake models in a nuclear reactor core in a laboratory scale assuming cylindrical heat derived from the electrical energy that does not harm the environment. The method used in the completion design of the reactor core model of test equipment is the study of literature, making the concept design and subsequent testing tool designing wake. Once the design is complete, the next stage of the operation of test equipment to determine the performance of the test equipment. The comparison between experimental simulation on the condition of forced convection heat flux 500000 W/m2 at a speed of 0.3 m/s produces fluid temperature difference between 0.00001 K to 0.8 K. In natural convection comparison between experimental results with simulation the heat flux 500000 W/m2 at a speed of 0.3 m/s resulted in the difference between the 0.1 K to 28 K. The smaller the fluid temperature differences between the experimental simulations, the better the performance of the test equipment

Capillary Water Rise in Peat Soil as Affected by Various Groundwater Levels

Capillary water in peatlands has a very important role in supplying water to the root zone of plants. The current water content in the root zone depends mainly on groundwater levels in some areas with shallow water levels. The study aimed to measure the capillary water dynamics in peat soils at various soil densities and groundwater levels which were observed from the changes in peat color, moisture distribution, water content and hydrophobicity of peat soil. The study was conducted in the greenhouse of Indonesian Swampland Agricultural Research Institute, Banjarbaru, South Kalimantan. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design with two factors and three replications. The first factor was the bulk density (BD) of peat, namely BD-1 (on actual condition, 0.1 g cm-3) and BD-2 (compressed into 0.2 g cm-3). The second factor was simulated groundwater levels (GWL) consisting of GWL-1 (-100 cm), GWL-2 (-70 cm) and GWL-3 (-40 cm) from soil surfaces. The results showed that the rise of capillary water in peat soil reached a maximum height of 50 cm which was characterized by the increase in water content at the top layer in the range of 105–127% for BD-1 and 141–181% for BD-2. The highest value of water content (308%) was achieved in the treatment of GWL-3 with BD-2 and the lowest (37%) was in the treatment of GWL-1 with BD-1. The rate of capillary water rose progressively corresponded to the increase in BD value because the number of micropores of BD-2 was greater

Rancang Bangun Model Alat Uji Teras Reaktor Nuklir Small Modular Reactor (Smr)

Kinerja perpindahan panas yang buruk akan berdampak buruk pada sistem reaktor yang selanjutnya dapat berdampak pada pelepasan zat radioaktif ke lingkungan sekitar sehingga dapat membahayakan keselamatan lingkungan dan makhluk hidup yang ada disekitar reaktor. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah membuat atau merancang bangun model alat uji pada teras reaktor nuklir dalam skala laboratorium dengan asumsi panas silinder berasal dari energi listrik sehingga tidak membahayakan lingkungan sekitar. Metode yang digunakan dalam penyelesaian rancang bangun model alat uji teras reaktor ialah studi literatur, membuat konsep perancangan alat uji dan selanjutnya merancang bangun. Setelah rancang bangun selesai maka tahap selanjutnya pengoperasian alat uji untuk mengetahui peformansi alat uji tersebut. Hasil perbandingan antara eksperimental dengan simulasi pada kondisi konveksi paksa dengan fluks panas 500000 W/m2 pada kecepatan 0,3 m/s menghasilkan selisih temperatur fluida antara 0,00001 K sampai dengan 0,8 K. Pada konveksi alamiah hasil perbandingan antara eksperimental dengan simulasi pada fluks panas 500000 W/m2 dengan kecepatan 0,3 m/s menghasilkan selisih antara 0,1 K sampai dengan 28 K. Semakin kecil selisih temperatur fluida antara eksperimental dengan simulasi, maka semakin baik performansi alat uji

Biosynthesis of phyto-functionalized silver nanoparticles using olive fruit extract and evaluation of their antibacterial and antioxidant properties

The green synthesis of nanomaterials is of utmost interest as it offers an eco-friendly approach over chemical synthetic routes. However, the reported biosynthesis methods are often time-consuming and require heating or mechanical stirring. The current study reports a facile one-pot biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) mediated by olive fruit extract (OFE) and sunlight irradiation of only 20 s. OFE acts as both a reducing and a capping agent for the formation of OFE-capped AgNPs (AgNPs@OFE). The as-synthesized NPs were systematically characterized by UV-vis spectrometry, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electrochemical microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and cyclic voltammetry. SEM images confirmed the successful formation of monodispersed spherical AgNPs@OFE of approximately 77 nm. FTIR spectroscopy suggested the involvement of functional groups of phytochemicals from the OFE in the capping and reduction of Ag+ to Ag. The particles revealed excellent colloidal stability as evidenced from the high zeta potential (ZP) value (−40 mV). Interestingly, using the disk diffusion method, AgNPs@OFE revealed higher inhibition efficiency against Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella oxytoca, and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) Salmonella typhi) than Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus), with Escherichia coli showing the highest inhibition zone of 27 mm. In addition, AgNPs@OFE exhibited maximum potent antioxidant scavenging potential against H2O2, followed by DPPH, O2−, and OH− free radicals. Overall, OFE can be considered an effective source for the sustainable production of stable AgNPs with potential antioxidant and antibacterial activities for biomedical applications

White Button Mushroom, Agaricus bisporus (Agaricomycetes), and a Probiotics Mixture Supplementation Correct Dyslipidemia without Influencing the Colon Microbiome Profile in Hypercholesterolemic Rats

Consumption of foods rich in dietary fiber has attracted considerable attention for lowering blood cholesterol and triglycerides through attenuation of gut microbiome. Diets rich in fiber may provide substrates for microbes to digest and proliferate. In response, products of microbial digestion enter systemic circulation and support host energy homeostasis. In the present study, rats with hypercholesterolemia (HC) were supplemented with probiotics (PB) and Agaricus bisporus mushroom to examine the antidyslipidemia effects. Forty adult rats were divided into five treatment groups. The rats in the control group were fed only a chow maintenance diet (CON; n = 8), whereas an atherogenic diet (chow diet supplemented with 1.5% cholesterol and 0.5% cholic acid) was offered to the remaining rats to induce hypercholesterolemia (HC group; n = 32). Rats developed HC following a 24-day continuous supplementation with the atherogenic diet. From day 25 onward, the HC group was further divided into HC-CON, HC-PB (supplemented with PB at 1 mg/rat/day), HC-AB (supplemented with A. bisporus at 5% of diet), and HC-AB.PB (supplemented with both A. bisporus and PB). After 6 weeks of supplementation, rats were killed to collect blood to determine serum lipid profile, oxidative stress, and for metagenomics analysis of colon contents. Results showed that all supplementations corrected HC-induced oxidative stress. Furthermore, A. bisporus supplementation corrected HC-induced dyslipidemia (P ≤ .05). Blautia and Bifidobacterium were the most dominant bacterial genera in HC-AB and HC-PB groups, respectively. Phylum Firmicutes and class Clostridia predominantly occupied the gut microbiome in all groups. However, no significant differences were observed in microbiome diversity and clustering patterns among study groups. In conclusion, supplementation of A. bisporus mushroom and probiotics can lower oxidative stress and dyslipidemia with partial effects on the phylogenetic makeup in the gut microbiome