Charge order suppression and antiferromagnetic to ferromagnetic switch over in Pr_0.5Ca_0.5MnO_3 nanowires

We have prepared crystalline nanowires (diameter ~ 50 nm, length ~ a few microns) of the charge ordering manganite Pr_0.5Ca_0.5Mn_O3 using a low reaction temperature hydrothermal method and characterized them using X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, SQUID magnetometry and electron magnetic resonance measurements. While the bulk sample shows a charge ordering transition at 245 K and an antiferromagnetic transition at 175 K, SQUID magnetometry and electron magnetic resonance experiments reveal that in the nanowires phase, a ferromagnetic transition occurs at ~ 105 K. Further, the antiferromagnetic transition disappears and the charge ordering transition is suppressed. This result is particularly significant since the charge order in Pr_0.5Ca_0.5MnO_3 is known to be very robust, magnetic fields as high as 27 T being needed to melt it.Comment: 12 pages including 4 figures. submitted to Applied Physics Letter

Host range of Phellinus sensu lato in India: An overview

Phellinus Quel. is a member of family Hymenochaetaceae of the order Hymenochaetales. This genus comprises wood-inhabiting, saprophytic and parasitic species. Species of Phellinus sensu lato are known to have large host range and cause white rot of various types to live standing or dead trees from all over the world. The current study is based on a thorough study of literature to document the host range of Phellinus species from India. The study indicated that one hundred and seventy four plant species from 51 families are found to be infected by Phellinus species. The families found to be the most affected are Fabaceae, Combretaceae, Meliaceae, Dipterocarpaceae, Anacardiaceae, Myrtaceae, Meliaceae, Lauraceae, Fagaceae, Rosaceae.  Many plant (tree) species are affected by Phellinus; this establishes it as a potential pathogen and wood decay fungi. The present study also reports Phellinus from almost all over India and every climatic zones. This indicated the high tolerance and acclimatization of Phellinus towards diverse climatic conditions. The most affected host is Artocarpus followed by Terminalia and Acacia. Although the study reports Phellinus from diverse climatic zones of India, the most affected families and genera are from moist tropical conditions. This indicates that Phellinus has vigorous activity in warm and moist areas and affects diverse plant/tree species in these areas like Maharashtra and Kerala. The states like Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand, Odisha, Rajasthan, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Telengana, Union Territories, Manipur, Mizoram and Nagaland are still left to be explored. The present study has key significance in biodiversity, medicinal as well as the pathogenic study of Phellinus. It provides an overall host range of genus Phellinus, confirming its vast host diversity. The information could further be used in disease, biodiversity and plant pathological assessments

A Study On Preparation And Evaluation Of Herbal Peel Off Face Mask

Skin care preparations are designed to exert local activity when applied over the skin mucous membrane, these skin preparations include gel, lotion, ointment, cream, peel off mask etc. Peel off mask is the type of dosage form which is gently applied onto the facial skin surface and is peeled off after a few minutes of its application. It is used as the remedy to treat facial skin related problems and tightening of skin, moisturizing and tan removal from the skin. Here we are formulating of charcoal peel off face mask, charcoal have cleansing property and having soothing property. Excipients used in the formulation are PVA (polyvinyl alcohol), glycerin, gelatin citric acid. Different formulations were taken and evaluated for the various parameters like spread ability, pH, stability studies, peeling time etc. The formulation evaluated for the parameters stands in standard range

Behavioral Factors Affecting Household Over-Indebtedness: A Systematic Review

Household over-indebtedness is a significant issue in many parts of the world and has extremely detrimental socioeconomic effects. Separate studies have found that macroeconomic, demographic, and behavioral factors account for the majority of the variance in household over-indebtedness; however, behavioral components have received less attention. The purpose of this study is to review the behavioral factors that affect household over-indebtedness. To identify relevant empirical studies on household over-indebtedness, databases such as Scopus, Web of Science, Emerging Sources Citation Index, and Social Sciences Citation Index were reviewed. During this search, 267 articles were initially screened, but the PRISMA framework (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses) was applied to select the most appropriate, well-cited, and recent 52 articles. The most significant behavioral factors of household over-indebtedness are financial literacy, risk perception, materialism, and emotions. This review reveals that behavioral factors have not been well established in many developing economies whereas the empirical findings in developed countries are consistent with behavioral theories. Further, this paper discloses that interaction of macroeconomic, demographic, and behavioral determinants on household over-indebtedness still needs further study. According to Keynes' general theory, individual financial decisions are influenced by macroeconomic circumstances. Moreover, Ando and Modigliani's life cycle hypothesis contends that demographic factors significantly influence individuals’ financial behavior. Our suggested conceptual model contains macroeconomic and demographic factors as mediators and moderators, respectively, between behavioral factors and household over-indebtedness. Once this model is tested, the findings may greatly aid governments, central banks, financial institutions, bank managers, credit officers, and other policymakers in their quest to discover answers to the problem of household over-indebtedness. Keywords: Household Over-Indebtedness, Financial Literacy, Risk Perception, Materialism, Emotions, Macroeconomic and Demographic Factor

Success Pattern Finding With Regards To Textual Content Exploration

Various algorithms such as Object Rank and PageRank, the latter created by Larry Page and used in Google Search Engine, were highly expensive as they required a PageRank style iterative computation over the full graph. BinRank, a hybrid algorithm proposed uses an index of pre computed results for some/or all keywords being used by the user Dynamic authority based online keyword search algorithms, such as Object rank and personalized page rank leverage semantic link in formation to provide high quality, high  recall search in databases and the web Conceptually, these  algorithms require a query time  page rank style iterative computation over the full graph. This computation is too  expensive for large graphs and not feasible at query time . Alternatively, building an index of pre computed results for some  or all keywords involves very expensive processing. We introduce  BinRank,a system that approximates ObjectRank results by utilizing a hybrid approach inspired by materialize d views in traditional query processing. The issue addressed in this paper is would like to provide an approach which intends to provide an approximation to BinRank by integrating it with Hubrank and parallelize i.e execute the activities simultaneously to reduce query execution time and also increase the relevance of the results. Bin Rank system which  approximates Object Rank results by utilizing a hybrid approach inspired by materialized views in traditional query  processing

5-Acetyl-4-(2-chloro­phen­yl)-6-methyl-3,4-dihydro­pyrimidine-2(1H)-thione

In the title mol­ecule, C13H13ClN2OS, the heterocyclic ring adopts a flattened boat conformation with the plane through the four coplanar atoms making a dihedral angle of 85.6 (1)° with the benzene ring, which adopts an axial orientation. The thionyl, acetyl and methyl groups all have equatorial orientations. Inter­molecular N—H⋯O, N—H⋯S and C—H⋯S hydrogen bonds are found in the crystal structure. A weak C—H⋯π inter­action involving the benzene ring also occurs

Ethyl 4-(4-bromo­phen­yl)-6-r-phenyl-2-oxocyclo­hex-3-ene-1-t-carboxyl­ate

In the title compound, C21H19BrO3, the cyclo­hexene ring adopts an envelope conformation, with all substituents equatorial. The plane through its five coplanar atoms makes dihedral angles of 28.88 (10) and 71.94 (10)° with the bromo­benzene and phenyl rings, respectively. The dihedral angle between the latter two rings is 51.49 (15)°. Inter­molecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds are found in the crystal structure; a C—H⋯π inter­action is also present

Presence of Phytol, a Precursor of Vitamin E in Chaetomorpha Antinnina

Phytol, a precursor of vitamin E was identified from green algae Chaetomorpha antinnina collected from Chullickal, Kochi Kerala coast, using GC-MS. Phytol is an acyclic diterpene alcohol that can be used as a precursor for the manufacture of synthetic forms of vitamin E and vitamin K1. The compound 3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadec-2-en-1-ol also known as phytol  which exist  naturally only in single isomeric form having molecular formula C20H40O and molecular mass 296. From the total ion chromatogram more than twenty peaks were observed, the mass spectrum of the peak at Rt 21.53 was resolved and the major fragmentations were noted. Major fragmentation were m/z 71 the base peak, m/z 296 the molecular ion peak, m/z 43, m/z 57, m/z 81, m/z 95, and m/z 123. It was found that there are some other compounds apart from this identified phytol which are more complicated in structure and cannot be characterised using GC-MS. Phytol is reported to have both antimicrobial and anticancer activities. The green algae Chaetomorpha antinnina can be proposed to be a good natural source for production of phytol

Distinguishing binary black hole precessional morphologies with gravitational wave observations

The precessional motion of binary black holes can be classified into one of three morphologies, based on the evolution of the angle between the components of the spins in the orbital plane: Circulating, librating around 0, and librating around $\pi$. These different morphologies can be related to the binary's formation channel and are imprinted in the binary's gravitational wave signal. In this paper, we develop a Bayesian model selection method to determine the preferred spin morphology of a detected binary black hole. The method involves a fast calculation of the morphology which allows us to restrict to a specific morphology in the Bayesian stochastic sampling. We investigate the prospects for distinguishing between the different morphologies using gravitational waves in the Advanced LIGO/Advanced Virgo network with their plus-era sensitivities. For this, we consider fiducial high- and low-mass binaries having different spin magnitudes and signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs). We find that in the cases with high spin and high SNR, the true morphology is strongly favored with $\log_{10}$ Bayes factors $\gtrsim 4$ compared to both alternative morphologies when the binary's parameters are not close to the boundary between morphologies. However, when the binary parameters are close to the boundary between morphologies, only one alternative morphology is strongly disfavored. In the low-spin, high-SNR cases, the true morphology is still favored with a $\log_{10}$ Bayes factor $\sim 2$ compared to one alternative morphology. We also consider the gravitational wave signal from GW200129_065458 that has some evidence for precession (modulo data quality issues) and find that there is no preference for a specific morphology. Our method for restricting the prior to a given morphology is publicly available through an easy-to-use Python package called bbh_spin_morphology_prior. (Abridged)Comment: 14 pages, 5 figures, version accepted by PR

Distinguishing binary black hole precessional morphologies with gravitational wave observations

The precessional motion of binary black holes can be classified into one of three morphologies, based on the evolution of the angle between the components of the spins in the orbital plane: Circulating, librating around 0, and librating around π. These different morphologies can be related to the binary’s formation channel and are imprinted in the binary’s gravitational wave signal. In this paper, we develop a Bayesian model selection method to determine the preferred spin morphology of a detected binary black hole. The method involves a fast calculation of the morphology which allows us to restrict to a specific morphology in the Bayesian stochastic sampling. We investigate the prospects for distinguishing between the different morphologies using gravitational waves in the Advanced LIGO/Advanced Virgo network with their plus-era sensitivities. For this, we consider fiducial high- and low-mass binaries having different spin magnitudes and signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs). We find that in the cases with high spin and high SNR, the true morphology is strongly favored with log10 Bayes factors ≳ 4 compared to both alternative morphologies when the binary’s parameters are not close to the boundary between morphologies. However, when the binary parameters are close to the boundary between morphologies, only one alternative morphology is strongly disfavored. In the low-spin, high-SNR cases, the true morphology is still favored with a log10 Bayes factor ∼ 2 compared to one alternative morphology, while in the low-SNR cases the log10 Bayes factors are at most ∼1 for many binaries. We also consider the gravitational wave signal from GW200129_065458 that has some evidence for precession (modulo data quality issues) and find that there is no preference for a specific morphology. Our method for restricting the prior to a given morphology is publicly available through an easy-to-use python package called bbh_spin_morphology_prior