An innovative mobile application for construction programme managers

Construction programme management is a complex and information-intensive environment. The construction programme management team requires access to construction information in real-time and when needed. The current increasing use of mobile devices offers an opportunity to meet this need. The efficient management of construction programmes is one of the major factors for improving stakeholders’ satisfaction. An innovative tool is needed in accessing the right information at the right time, especially when spontaneous and urgent decision-making is needed. To this end, the innovative use of a mobile device in delivering information and services to the management team in real-time and based on their current context offers significant benefits. This paper discusses context-aware computing, the enabling technologies for geolocation and the development of a prototype, mobile, context-aware application for construction programme management. The prototype system developed is based on the findings from an earlier study of user requirements which showed that the ability to provide relevant information and services at an appropriate time and at the most appropriate location has the potential to improve the monitoring and control of construction programmes. The prototype system demonstrates the provision of context-specific information and services to construction programme managers using a mobile device. The benefits and limitations of the proposed approach are discussed and conclusions drawn about the potential impact of enhanced information delivery for the efficiency of the construction programme managers

VRML Virtual Worlds - An Alternative to the Desktop Metaphor for GUI's?

Metaphors are commonly used by software developers in the creation of GUI's. This paper looks at the use of multi-user VRML to create virtual metaphors, developing a conceptual design tool that can be used intuitively with little or no training

A Semantics-Based Approach for Simplifying IFC Building Models to Facilitate the Use of BIM Models in GIS

Using solid building models, instead of the surface models in City Geography Markup Language (CityGML), can facilitate data integration between Building Information Modeling (BIM) and Geographic Information System (GIS). The use of solid models, however, introduces a problem of model simplification on the GIS side. The aim of this study is to solve this problem by developing a framework for generating simplified solid building models from BIM. In this framework, a set of Level of Details (LoDs) were first defined to suit solid building models—referred to as s-LoD, rang-ing from s-LoD1 to s-LoD4—and three unique problems in implementing s-LoDs were identified and solved by using a semantics-based approach, including identifying external objects for s-LoD2 and s-LoD3, distinguishing various slabs, and generating valid external walls for s-LoD2 and s-LoD3. The feasibility of the framework was validated by using BIM models, and the result shows that using semantics from BIM can make it easier to convert and simplify building models, which in turn makes BIM information more practical in GIS

Towards a Semantic Grid Computing Platform for Disaster Management in Built Environment

Current disaster management procedures rely primarily on heuristics which result in their strategies being very cautious and sub-optimum in terms of saving life, minimising damage and returning the building to its normal function. Also effective disaster management demands decentralized, dynamic, flexible, short term and across domain resource sharing, which is not well supported by existing distributing computing infrastructres. The paper proposes a conceptual framework for emergency management in the built environment, using Semantic Grid as an integrating platform for different technologies. The framework supports a distributed network of specialists in built environment, including structural engineers, building technologists, decision analysts etc. It brings together the necessary technology threads, including the Semantic Web (to provide a framework for shared definitions of terms, resources and relationships), Web Services (to provide dynamic discovery and integration) and Grid Computing (for enhanced computational power, high speed access, collaboration and security control) to support rapid formation of virtual teams for disaster management. The proposed framework also make an extensive use of modelling and simulation (both numerical and using visualisations), data mining (to find resources in legacy data sets) and visualisation. It also include a variety of hardware instruments with access to real time data. Furthermore the whole framework is centred on collaborative working by the virtual team. Although focus of this paper is on disaster management, many aspects of the discussed Grid and Visualisation technologies will be useful for any other forms of collaboration. Conclusions are drawn about the possible future impact on the built environment

Knowledge management in development projects

The effective management of knowledge is now recognised as a vehicle through which the construction industry can address its need for innovation and improved business performance. The failure to capture and transfer project knowledge, which is usually buried in unread reports and arcane filing systems, or lost because people move on, leads to the increased risk of ‘reinventing the wheel’, wasted activity, and impaired project performance. Knowledge is therefore considered vital in creating competitive advantage in the new economy. Much of the growth in many global firms has been credited to knowledge, as new technologies and innovations are applied to the market and workplace. Knowledge management is therefore increasingly seen as an integral part of an organization’s competitive strategy as it facilitates continuous improvement through learning and innovation. This is now increasingly recognised by most sectors of industry, with many organisations appointing a Knowledge Manager or Business Improvement Manager, with responsibility for articulating and implementing the organisation’s knowledge management strategy. This paper argues that knowledge management is equally important in development projects and advocates the application of knowledge management practices to these projects. It introduces the key phases in knowledge management (creation, storage, sharing, modification, etc.) and explores how these can be implemented in development projects. The application of knowledge management to development projects is expected to result in numerous benefits including the transfer of lessons learned from one project to another, improved transfer of knowledge between developed countries and developing countries, and better management of human resources. This paper starts with a review of key knowledge management concepts, and outlines some of the characteristics of development projects. It then discusses the potential for knowledge management in development projects and concludes with a summary of the practical benefits to be gained

Industry perspectives of IT and e-commerce

In recent years several new IT-based technologies such as e-commerce have been developed, which if applied to the construction industry can prove beneficial. Before the implementation of new technologies and applications, it is essential to identify the factors that the industry perceives as being the enablers and barriers to the uptake of these applications for greater effectiveness. This paper presents the results of a survey undertaken to establish the views of industry practitioners on the uptake of IT (and ecommerce in particular) within the UK construction sector. The survey explored attitudes, current usage, barriers and enablers amongst other things. The findings of the survey are briefly discussed and outline ideas for more effective deployment of IT and e-commerce in construction organisations presented. The paper also tries to outline some future prospects for using e-commerce in the UK construction industry, based on responses to the survey

The need for the creation of knowledge chains in construction

Performance improvement has been the subject of recent initiatives in the UK construction industry as a result of complex internal and external factors. These include demands from clients, investors and stakeholders for improvement and changes in market conditions. The need for performance improvement has led to the implementation of industry-specific key performance indicators (KPIs) and greater awareness of the benefits of measurement in construction engineering organisations. This paper presents and discusses findings based on the practical experiences of leading construction engineering organisations in the UK. A significant proportion of organisations are now using a range of financial and non-financial measures to assess business performance, and a growing number are adopting the Excellence Model and the Balanced Scorecard to facilitate a structured approach to implementing continuous improvement strategies. The paper concludes with some practical considerations for implementing performance measurement models

Preliminary case studies of knowledge flow in construction supply chains

A critical issue in Construction Supply Chain Management (SCM) is the effective management of knowledge through the whole project lifecycle. This issue involves the enhancements of the flow of knowledge within and between different sectors of construction supply chain as well as the accumulation, coding, and storage of knowledge in the organizations. A typical construction project is one-of-a-kind, temporary, and involves different tasks which are held by different professional and trade disciplines of construction supply chains. These different disciplines of the supply chain have to work closely in an intense environment over a period of months or even years. The information shared between these organizations varies from technical drawings and legal contracts to purchase orders, project reports, and schedules. Moreover, project knowledge which has to be shared within and between the organizations is interconnected and includes all the knowledge about the end product. Within such a complex environment, the efficient flow of project knowledge between all the sectors of construction supply chain will directly improve all the SCM efforts. This paper presents the findings of preliminary case studies on knowledge flow in construction supply chains. The supply chain management approach and the main problems regarding the supply chain and the knowledge management practices in two supply chains are discussed. It also presents the research method to identify the knowledge requirements of different sectors of the construction supply chains. It concludes that the application of a systematic approach to knowledge management in construction supply chains will bring enhance knowledge flow and enable these supply chains to become construction knowledge chains

Case study of knowledge management implementation in a medium-sized construction sector firm

The transient nature of project teams and the competitive environment in which construction organizations operate require an effective mechanism to manage and reuse the knowledge created in the projects without straining its resources. A methodology for “live” capture and reuse of project knowledge was developed for the purpose and encapsulated into a software tool. A study was conducted of a medium-sized UK-based construction sector firm to investigate the use the software tool as the central strand of its knowledge management (KM) framework. The tool was subsequently designed to integrate with a staff profile system and an e-forum. The new system was intended to bridge the communication gap between the company’s geographically dispersed offices by connecting the people together and, hence, facilitating the timely sharing of both tacit and explicit knowledge. Top management’s commitment was found vital in the successful implementation of knowledge management and the nurturing of the desired supportive knowledge-sharing culture. To get the most through the implementation of knowledge management, the various knowledge management practices and relevant information systems of a construction organization need to be strategically integrated to improve the location, capture, and sharing of critical knowledge

Architecture for implementing IFC-based online construction product libraries

Construction product information providers have responded to the demand for electronic delivery by providing online access, CD-ROMs and DVDs but these solutions have limited usability and are generally incapable of supporting prevalent and emerging industry practices. The product library implementations attempt to replicate the functionalities of the paper versions, which serve for independent specification and procurement but gives little thought to teams and tools integration through support for automated information exchange and sharing. The IFC standard provides common terminologies, technologies, syntax and semantics necessary to address present and future compatibility and integration issues, hence IFC-based implementation of product libraries have good prospect for meeting the industry requirements. This paper reviews current product information delivery methods and examines the applicability of the IFC and other standards. The requirements for IFC-based construction product libraries are identified and an architecture for realising the requirements was presented