Management of difficult airway in a pregnant patient with severely reduced mouth opening

Pregnancy is associated with a wide variety of oral and dental changes ranging from gingivitis to odontogenic infections. If left untreated, severe dental abscess can progress to Ludwig\u27s angina, which is a potentially lethal cellulitis that rapidly extends to the neck region and may lead to life-threatening upper airway obstruction. We report the case of a pregnant woman who presented with intense throbbing pain, trismus and severely reduced mouth opening due to dental abscess for the last one week. She required incision and drainage of abscess with extraction of third molar under general anaesthesia. There are some significant challenges to anaesthesiologist like the risk of aspiration and failed intubation in patients with pregnancy and anticipated difficult airway. With counselling and proper preparation, we were able to manage this case with awake intubation. The potential merits of securing airway in conscious state with necessary steps in preparation are particularly discussed with emphasis of creating awareness among local healthcare practitioners

ANTHROPOMETRIC MEASUREMENT OF PRIMARY SCHOOL GOING CHILDREN IN KARACHI

Background: Children were major part of our society and their health issues were too much, so it’s necessary that child should b healthy so their health assessment is important worldwide the acceptable method for assessment of health status is anthropometry (weight & height). This study was done to assess the anthropometric measurement of primary school going children of Karachi, sindh Pakistan, and evaluate how much students were underweight. Methods: The study was done in different primary school of Karachi including private semiprivate and government. The study design was cross sectional study. The sample size of our study was 240, including both genders male& female with range between 7-12 years. Result: The result shows that 34.9% were underweight (below 5th percentile), 63.44% were normal weight (between 5-95th percentile) and only0.8% overweight (above 95th percentile).The result showed male-female ratio was 51.5% boys and 48.5% were underweight. The prevalence of underweight in private sector was only 9.5% but in government it was 45.5%.The height of student also calculated and 26.3% children were below the 5th percentile of height for the age, 62.8% were between 5th to 95th percentile and 10.9% above 95thpercentile. Conclusion: The prevalence of underweight in primary school going children in Karachi shows the dietary requirements of children are not fulfilled properly and this may lead to many sever pathological conditions, so it is necessary to take positive steps regarding awareness of proper diet, hygiene and growth & development of child. Keywords: Underweight, Karachi, Anthropometric, School, Heigh

Association between type of fixation and alength of stay amongst maxillofacial fracture patients: a retrospective charts review

We aimed to explore the predictors of hospital length of stay for patients admitted and with maxillofacial injuries. Patients presenting with maxillofacial trauma were included. Poly-trauma involving neurosurgery and/ or needing orthopedics intervention were excluded. Logistic regression was applied to explore the predictors associated with the hospital stay of > 4 days. There were 241 patients with mean age 29.35 ± 12.5 years (age range 12-80 years). Mandibular fracture was the commonest observation 121(50.2%), followed by maxillary 48(19.9%), and zygomatic bone fracture 9 (3.7%). Road traffic accident 196 (81.3%) appears to be the most common etiology of maxillofacial injuries in the studied sample. The mean length of hospital stay among bone plating patients was 5.96 ±6.8 days compared to 4.15±6.2 days for ones treated without bone plating; p-value 0.05. It was concluded that longer length of stay is required in patients with more complex management including bone plates. Keywords: Maxillofacial injury; road traffic accident; bone plating; length of stay

Analysis of Coverage and Area Spectral Efficiency under Various Design Parameters of Heterogeneous Cellular Network

As day by day the population is increasing, the use of mobile phones and different applications is increasing which requires high data rate for transmission. Homogeneous cellular network cannot fulfill the demand of mobile users, so creating a heterogeneous cellular network (HCN) is a better choice for higher coverage and capacity to fulfil the increasing demand of upcoming 5G and ultra-dense cellular networks. In this research, the impact of antenna heights and gains under varying pico to macro base stations density ratio from 2G to 5G and beyond on two-tier heterogeneous cellular network has been analyzed for obtaining optimum results of coverage and area spectral efficiency. Furthermore, how the association of UEs affects the coverage and ASE while changing the BSs antenna heights and gains has been explored for the two-tier HCN network model. The simulation results show that by considering the maximum macro BS antenna height, pico BS antenna height equal to user equipment (UE) antenna height and unity gains for both macro and pico tiers, the optimum coverage and area spectral efficiency (ASE) for a two-tier fully loaded heterogeneous cellular network can be obtained

Unraveling the challenges in the diagnosis and management of desmoplastic fibroma of the mandible–a case report

Abstract Desmoplastic fibroma (DF) is an uncommon bone tumor that originates from the mesenchymal tissue and despite being benign, exhibits aggressive behavior locally. The following report describes the case of a 7-year-old boy with a rapidly enlarging swelling on the right side of the mandible. After a thorough clinical examination, radiographic imaging, and histopathological analysis, the diagnosis of DF was confirmed. Treatment planning was formulated considering both the tumor’s tendency for local recurrence and the patient’s well-being. Due to the patient’s young age, segmental resection was not deemed appropriate, and an aggressive curettage and enucleation of the lesion followed by the bone graft was performed instead. The patient was kept under close follow-up for the first month of post-surgery and later reviewed after 3, 6, 9, and 12 months, respectively. Good bone healing was observed on radiographs. The patient did not show any signs of recurrence based on clinical or radiographic assessments and did not exhibit any neurosensory deficits as well

ANTHROPOMETRIC MEASUREMENT OF PRIMARY SCHOOL GOING CHILDREN IN KARACHI

Background: Children were major part of our society and their health issues were too much, so it’s necessary that child should b healthy so their health assessment is important worldwide the acceptable method for assessment of health status is anthropometry (weight & height). This study was done to assess the anthropometric measurement of primary school going children of Karachi, sindh Pakistan, and evaluate how much students were underweight. Methods: The study was done in different primary school of Karachi including private semiprivate and government. The study design was cross sectional study. The sample size of our study was 240, including both genders male& female with range between 7-12 years. Result: The result shows that 34.9% were underweight (below 5th percentile), 63.44% were normal weight (between 5-95th percentile) and only0.8% overweight (above 95th percentile).The result showed male-female ratio was 51.5% boys and 48.5% were underweight. The prevalence of underweight in private sector was only 9.5% but in government it was 45.5%.The height of student also calculated and 26.3% children were below the 5th percentile of height for the age, 62.8% were between 5th to 95th percentile and 10.9% above 95thpercentile. Conclusion: The prevalence of underweight in primary school going children in Karachi shows the dietary requirements of children are not fulfilled properly and this may lead to many sever pathological conditions, so it is necessary to take positive steps regarding awareness of proper diet, hygiene and growth & development of child