Effect Of Plastering And Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) On Concrete Masonry Prism Strength Capacity

Brick is an important material in the construction of particular buildings and it is widely used in all parts of the world over the last century until today. The use of these materials is closely related to several factors, among which are easily obtained, cheap and easy job control. There are some effects that arise through the use of brick in building construction. For the purposes of the study, a total of 12 units of bond brick for prism in architecture, using concrete blocks of dimensions 390 mm x 190 mm x 190 mm unit and each specimen that is built has a height of 1 metre, the specimens are classified into controlled specimen without any plaster, one sided plastered, two sided plastered, and specimen strengthened by Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) strip in vertical orientation. The mixing ratio of the materials used for the production of mortar for the use of bonding and rendering are the same and tests conducted in accordance with ASTM C 1437 to ensure that the characteristics of the were resulting set is the same and controlled. During the tests performed, the effects of the resulting pressure is observed and recorded. The results of observations and tests found the average value of the failure load is as follows (A) 180 kN, (B) 175 kN, (C) 209 kN, and (D) 198 kN. The conclusion that can be made is strength group (C) is the highest but crack pattern could be controlled compared to the group (D) in which the pattern of cracks is vertical and can be expected

Automatic mapping of concrete strength in structural element

Collapses of structure under construction can be prevented if quality control is practiced at sites. The strength uniformity of reinforced concrete structure element cast on site depends on the level of compaction of the fresh concrete. The whole element should be checked and mapped so that localized defect can be detected and removal of formwork can be stopped if applicable. A portable and quick way to check and map the uniformity and the strength of concrete has been developed utilizing the use of pressure wave and signal processing techniques. An echo is introduced to the sample by dropping a small steel ball from a certain height from the concrete surface. The impact generates stress wave, which propagate through the concrete. The accelerometer receives the wave and changes the display from time to frequency domain. The highest observed frequency is determined as the depth frequency. The velocity is calculated as CP = 2fD. Hundreds of specimens were tested. The relationship between the strength and the velocity is correlated. From correlation equation, the strength of concrete can be estimated within 10% error (Hamid et al, 2004). The mapping process is done automatically in computer-generated program. Signal-processing techniques were used to compute the data; Fourier Transform to translate a time-series signal into frequency domain, concrete strength calculation, interpolation technique and a Graphic User Interface (GUI) to complete the mapping algorithms

A systematic literature review of project-based learning: research trends, methods, elements, and frameworks

Project-based learning (PjBL) has been considered an effective learning model to improve the quality of learning in today’s world of education. This study aims to identify research trends of PjBL, research methods, elements or essential skills that can be improved, and a framework for implementing PjBL from 2016 to 2023. This review procedure includes searching, screening, evaluating, and synthesizing publications on PjBL. There were 34 articles published in Scopus-indexed popular journal. The research shows that the trends of PjBL from 2016 to 2023 have been conducted by using qualitative research for 26.47%, quantitative research for 35.29%, mixed methods for 8.82%, action research for 5.88%, descriptive research for 17.65%, and development research for 5.88%. The main elements that could be developed for students from PjBL are creativity, collaboration, critical thinking, communication, concept understanding, innovative thinking, motivation, problem-solving, and self-confidence. In this study, there are five frameworks studied. By criticizing those frameworks, a new framework is proposed called project-based learning and simulation (PjBLS)

Effect of particle size on direct compaction of urea fertilizer

The effect of particle size on compaction properties and characteristics of urea tablets manufactured from available urea granules (TG tablets) and ground urea powders (TP tablets) was investigated. The compaction properties, namely, plastic work, elastic work, friction work, and maximum ejection pressure were analyzed from the force-displacement profile of the compaction process. Five applied pressures ranging between 37.67 MPa and 188.35 MPa were used to compact the materials using a universal testing machine. Characteristics of the tablets tested were mechanical strength and the release of ammonium ion through dissolution test. The results demonstrated that TG tablets underwent high plastic work and elastic work but low friction work compared to the TP tablets. TG tablets released lower amount of ammonium ion compared to the TP tablets at almost all applied pressures, except at 75.34 MPa. This study provides a valuable data for evaluating the behavior of urea in the form of granules and powders during the compaction process as well as the suitability in choosing the form of raw material for the production of urea tablets

Quality of service adaptive modulation and coding scheme for IEEE 802.11ac

Nowadays, the rising demand for digital communication technologies has contributed to the increase in the volume of traffic. This continuous trend of internet traffic has led to the deterioration of the quality of service (QoS) with reduced throughput and increased latency. This also is due to the proliferation of new broadband applications which require low latency and high throughput such as virtual reality and real-time gaming. Therefore, considering the aforementioned challenge in QoS of wireless networks, a link adaptation method is suggested in this study, in order to enhance the performance of the QoS in IEEE 802.11ac amendment wireless local-area network (WLAN). The proposed technique adaptively changes the transmission data rate by increasing or decreasing the modulation and coding scheme (MCS) level according to the traffic conditions. With the use of an OMNeT++ computer-aided design (CAD)-based simulation model, the effectiveness of the suggested approach is examined. Simulated findings were compared with the link adaptation approach of the default condition. The results of the simulation demonstrate that the proposed technique significantly increases throughput (36.48%) and decreases latency in comparison to the default situation. These findings demonstrate the technique's potential to improve WLAN QoS efficiency, notably in regard to throughput and latency

Tooth segmentation using dynamic programming-gradient inverse coefficient of variation

Teeth provide meaningful clues of an individual. The growth of the teeth is correlated with the individual age. This correlation is widely used to estimate age of an individual in applications like conducting forensic odontology, immigration, and differentiating juveniles and adolescents. Current forensic dentistry largely depends on laborious investigation process that is performed manually and can be influenced by human factors like fatigue and inconsistency. Digital panoramic radiograph dental images allow noninvasive and automatic investigation to be performed. This paper presents analyses on third molar tooth segmentation for the population in Malaysia, ranging from persons age of 5 years old to 23 years old. Two segmentation techniques: gradient inverse coefficient of variation with dynamic programming (DP-GICOV) and Chan-Vese (CV) were employed and compared. Results demonstrated that the accuracy of DP-GICOV and CV were 95.3%, and 81.6%, respectively

A model of Islamic animated infographic as an innovative approach for digital Da’wah dissemination / Nur Nazihah Rahim … [et al.]

The animated infographic is becoming increasingly popular because it can attract audience attention instead of simply writing. It becomes a practical approach in disseminating information in most appealing, fun and easiest way. As people are living in myriad information, somehow it creates some problems such as confusing and difficult in recalling such information. Thus, it is unable to give an understanding for each information. Despite this, animated infographics could be a solution to convey the information successfully. Moreover, in this context of the study, Islamic animated infographic turns into one of an innovative approach to convey the Islamic da’wah in the digital era. There were still limited studies to assist in producing a model for Islamic animated infographic for da’wah dissemination. Moreover, there was a lack of reference on Islamic animation specifically in Islamic animated infographic corresponding with the nature of da’wah dissemination through digital towards Muslim community in Malaysia. Therefore, this study intends to develop a model of Islamic animated infographic as an innovative approach in digital da’wah. The method of this study was using assessment by the experts and survey of the 111 respondents both in Islamic background and design field. The significance of the research revealed that the Islamic animated infographic model can gives total comprehension and absorption of da’wah values to understand and practice in life. Islamic animated infographic model as a tool for da’wah dissemination is not just accepted by the audience as mere entertainment but also for the purpose of da’wah dissemination as well. It can be concluded that Islamic animated infographic could be an innovative approach in disseminating da’wah using digital technology towards the Muslim community in Malaysia by express the beauty of Islam through a creative and attractive approach

The application of open FOAM in modelling flow for vegetated channel

Vegetation plays an important role in the hydrodynamic behaviour of an open channel flow. This study attempted to investigate the flow characteristics of an emergent vegetated channel using Open-source Operations and Manipulation (OpenFOAM). InterFoam is an OpenFOAM solver used to model this simulation. It is one of the methods available to model free-flow surface flow. Results for flow velocity profile can be generated using ParaView software. This study used a constant inlet velocity of 0.0417 m/s. There are two sets of models including model L8 with a solid volume fraction (SVF) of 8% using 9 rigid dowels, and model 4S with SVF of 4% using 17 dowels within a 1.2 m2 study area. Dowels in L8 are arranged in linear formation compared to the 4S model in a staggered arrangement. The study found that in model 4S, the stem-scale vortices are developed individually after each dowel due to sparse staggered vegetation. Meanwhile, model 8L suggests oppositely the vortex is cramped from the closeness of the dowels. The shear layer is formed as the flow enters the vegetation patch at upstream and the instability causes the shear layer vortices between inside and outside the vegetation region. Both models agreed that as the flow moves downstream the vortices are greater and make the streamwise velocity region become slower. The vertical velocity profile acknowledges the shear layer patch-scale vortices have a greater influence on the flow of both models. The magnitude of turbulence intensity in lateral directions is bigger in model 4S than in model 8L. The influence of vortices shed by upstream cylinders has an increasing impact on the irregular shedding behaviour of downstream cylinders as plant density increases. In general, the TKE values of the Model 4S are higher than those of the Model 8L. Regardless of the solid volume percentage difference, the vegetation pattern between linear and staggered has an effect on the flow. Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) is indeed capable to solve complex hydrodynamic characteristic

Flow properties of Ficus deltoidea extract powder and the binders, Acdisol and Avicel

This work aimed to investigate the flowability properties of the basic powders used to make tablets by means of direct compression. The main product in this study is Ficus deltoidea extract powder, while the excipients operated as binder were croscarmellose sodium (NaCMC or Acdisol) and microcrystalline cellulose (MCC or Avicel). Such excipient powders are essentially water insoluble and can also act as a filler, disintegrator and dissolver in tablet form. In order to compare and optimize powders regarding flowability, a Jenike shear tester was used to measure the flow properties of the powder particle, such as the effective angle of internal friction, flow function and the angle of wall friction. The experimental results showed higher flow property values for binders compared with F. deltoidea extract powder. These results provide essential information for the processing and handling of these powders during storage, transportation and also for the next processing step of powder – tabletting