UTJECAJ SPOLA NA RAZVOJ ŽDREBADI LIPICANSKE PASMINE

The offspring’s development especially in the first months after foaling is crucial for further development. If favourable conditions of feeding, keeping and fancying as well as other important conditions are ensured, a homogenous growth and development of the offspring is obtained. Research was conducted on 44 male and 42 female Lipizzaner breed foals in the first six months after foaling. The measuring of the withers height, chest girth and cannon bone circumference were done seven days after foaling and at the age of six months. Measuring data were processed by the statistical program SPSS/PC (Nie et al., 1975). The processed data of the obtained measurings indicate homogeneity for both male and female foals. The male foals had a little higher values than the female in both measurings, but the differences between sexes were highly significant only in the cannon bone circumference. Correlations among obtained values were positive and ranged between low and very high, with correlation coefficients between r= 0.379 and r=0.843 for male and r=0.338 and r=0.723 for female foals. The differences between the obtained values were significant and highly significant and a little more marked in male foals.Razvoj podmlatka, naročito u prvim mjesecima nakon ždrijebljenja, odlučujući je i za kasniju razvijenost. Ukoliko se u fazi sisanja osiguraju povoljni uvjeti hranidbe, držanja i njege, kao i ostalih uvjeta bitnih za normalan rast i razvoj, dobiva se ujednačeni rast i razvoj podmlatka. Istraživanja su obavljena na 44 muške i 42 ženske ždrebadi lipicanske pasmine u prvih šest mjeseci nakon ždrijebljenja. Izvršena su mjerenja visine grebena, opsega prsa i opsega cjevanice sedam dana nakon ždrijebljenja i u dobi od šest mjeseci. Podaci mjerenja obrañeni su prema statističkom programu SPSS/PC (Nie i sur., 1975.). Obrañeni podaci dobivenih mjerenja ukazuju na ujednačenost, kako za mušku tako i za žensku ždrebad. Muška ždrebad imala su nešto veće vrijednosti nego ženska u oba mjerenja, no razlike izmeñu spolova bile su visoko signifikantne samo u opsegu cjevanice. Korelacijske povezanosti izmeñu dobivenih vrijednosti bile su pozitivne i kretale su se između slabe i vrlo jake, s korelacijskim koeficijentima izmeñu r=0,379 i r=0,843 za mušku te r=0,338 i r=0,723 za žensku ždrebad. Razlike između dobivenih vrijednosti bile su signifikantne i visoko signifikantne te nešto jače izražene kod muške ždrebadi

OCCURRENCE OF FASCIOLOIDOSIS IN RED DEER (CERVUS ELAPHUS) IN BARANJA REGION IN EASTERN CROATIA

Fascioloidosis is a parasitic disease caused by the giant American liver fluke Fascioloides magna (Bassi, 1875). In Croatia, the first report of this disease was in January 2000, in red deer (Cervus elaphus L.) from the Tikveš Forestry in Baranja region (east Croatia). The aim of this survey was to determine the geographical distribution of fascioloidosis and the infection prevalence in deer. The survey was carried out in six state hunting grounds that manage with deer game in Baranja region during 2001 – 2004. Parasitological examinations were carried out by qualitative and quantitative faecal exams. The highest prevalence’s (35 – 60%) were found in epizootic focuses of two hunting grounds at flooding – bog land area in east Baranja, Danube forestry. The mean intensity of infection, determined on the basis of the number of eggs per gram (EPG) was 30 – 33 EPG (range 1 – 300). High 86% of examined samples was in category to 50 EPG. The highest prevalence and the biggest EPG number too, were determined during the first year of survey. In the Baranja area fascioloidosis represents a potential danger for other game species, mainly roe deer and wild boars, as for domestic animals

Partial replacement of soybean meal with pumpkin seed cake in lamb diets: Effects on carcass traits, haemato-chemical parameters and fatty acids in meat

The composition of lamb diets has an effect on production traits and meat quality, especially fatty acid proportions. Recently, in organic farming, soybean meal has frequently been replaced with feedstuffs that are rich in protein. The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of partial replacement of soybean meal with pumpkin seed cake on carcass traits, biochemical parameters and fatty acids of lamb meat produced in organic farming. The research was carried out on 70-day-old lambs of the Merinolandschaf breed. Thirty-six lambs were grouped by gender, and allotted to three treatment groups, which were given one of the three diets: control diet with no pumpkin seed cake; a diet in which 10% of soybean meal was replaced with 10% pumpkin seed cake; and a diet in which 15% of soybean meal was replaced with 15% pumpkin seed cake. The experimental feeding period was 30 days. Hay and water were provided ad libitum. Differential blood tests and haematological parameters were determined, and the concentrations of minerals and biochemical parameters, and enzyme activity were ascertained in blood serum. Carcass traits and lamb meat colour did not differ among dietary treatments. Significant differences were observed in the concentrations of some biochemical parameters, which indicated good energy and protein balance, and changes in fat metabolism that did not impair antioxidant status. Compared with the control, the concentration of linoleic acid (C18:2 n-6) was higher in diets containing 10% and 15% of pumpkin seed cake replacements. The results indicated that partial replacement of soybean meal with 10% or 15% of pumpkin seed cake could be implemented in lamb feeding in organic farming without major changes in carcass traits, haemato-chemical parameters and the fatty acid profile in meat.Keywords: Blood parameters, meat quality, Merinolandschaf lambs, organic farmin

PORK CARCASS COMPOSITION AND THE MEAT QUALITY OF THE BLACK SLAVONIAN PIG – THE ENDANGERED BREEDS IN THE INDOOR AND OUTDOOR KEEPING SYSTEM

The research has been made on 20 Black Slavonian Pigs in both ways of keeping them (indoor, outdoor). The pigs have been fed up to 135 kg body weight. The pigs in the outdoor system have been held on a natural pasture ground. Other than pasture, the pigs have consumed, over the summer period, the food offered on stubble-fields after the harvest (barley, wheat) and over the winter times after corn harvest. They had only minimal corn consumption; mostly during the winter (average daily consumption was 0.15 kg). Dissection of cold (+40C) right sided pig body composition has been made by the modified Weniger et al (1963) method. The meat quality has been determined on a long back muscle sample (musculus longissimus dorsi- MLD) taken berween 13th and 14th rib. The pig carcasses in the outdoor system had a very significant (P<0.01) absolute and relative leg share, less belly-rib share and higher meat quantity. Commercially, more valuable parts-legs and back had a greater share of muscle tissue in pigs\u27 carcasses in the outdoor system. The meat of the pigs in the outdoor system had no signifficant differences from the pigs in the indoor system, concerning the pH1, pH2, water holding capacity, colour and marbling. However, the meat of the pigs in the outdoor system had higher content of crude fat from the pigs in the indoor system

EXTERIOR CHARACTERISTICS OF DIFFERENT CATEGORIES OF CROATIAN COLOURED GOAT

Cilj istraživanja bio je komisijskom prosudbom vanjštine i određenim tjelesnim izmjerama utvrditi osnovne eksterijerne odlike različitih kategorija hrvatske šarene koze. U tu svrhu su ukupno na četiri stada koza, i to dva sa šireg područja južnog Velebita, i dva s područja Kamešnice i Dinare, provedena ocjenjivanja i mjerenja vanjštine izvornih hrvatskih šarenih koza različite dobi, spola i tjelesne razvijenosti. Istraživanjem je ukupno bilo obuhvaćeno 651 grlo, od toga 90 šilježica prosječne dobi 13 mjeseci, 146 mladih koza prosječne dobi 34 mjeseca, 380 odraslih koza prosječne dobi 72 mjeseca, 28 jarčića (muške šilježadi) prosječne dobi 11 mjeseci te 7 mladih jarčeva prosječne dobi 30 mjeseci. Ocjenjivanje se sastojalo od subjektivne komisijske prosudbe vanjštine, procjene dobi grla po zubima, uzimanja pojedinačnih tjelesnih mjera Lydtinovim štapom i mjernom vrpcom te pojedinačnih vaganja. Tijelo hrvatske šarene koze prekriveno je kostrijeti različite boje, najčešće crno-bijele, s tim da postoje i potpuno crna, smeđa i siva grla. Vrat koza je uzak i plosnat, a u pojedinih grla s donje strane vidljive su malene resice. Glava je srednje duga, ravnog profila, ponekad blago ugnuta. U većine istraživanih grla utvrđeno je postojanje brade i rogova što se može smatrati pasminskom odlikom. Prosječna visina do grebena, odraslih, potpuno razvijenih koza, bila je 61,32 cm, dužina trupa 69,06 cm, širina prsa 17,83 cm, dubina prsa 30,64 cm, opseg prsa 84,25 cm, opseg cjevanice 8,33 cm, dužina rogova 29,49 cm i tjelesna masa 44,01 kg. Mlade koze se odlikuju dobrom tjelesnom razvijenošću (postigle su u prosjeku 96% visine grebena i 95% dužine trupa odraslih koza). Sve utvrđene tjelesne mjere rasplodnih mladih jarčeva bile su veće od onih u koza iste dobne kategorije: visina grebena 65,29 cm, dužina trupa 72,57 cm, širina prsa 18,14 cm, dubina prsa 32,85 cm, opseg prsa 88,42 cm, opseg cjevanice 11,03 i tjelesna masa 51,28 kg.The aim of this research was to determine exterior characteristics of different categories of Croatan coloured goats, using a commission evaluation and body measurements. Thus, totally 651 Croatian coloured goats were picked out from totally 4 flocks: two flocks located in south Velebit area and two flocks located in the area of Dinara and Kamešnica, and divided into age groups according to the teeth: 90 female hoggets about 13 months old; 146 young goats between 2 and 3.5 years old; 380 adult does older than 3.5 years; 28 male kids about 11 months old and 7 young bucks about 30 months old. The body of investigated animals (except the legs) is overgrown with thick, lengthy and dense hair of a black-white, brown or grey-white colour and rarely of a single colour. The head is medium sized, with obligatory horns mostly curving backwards, shaped like a sabre. The neck is narrow and flat, often with tassels hanging under the throat. Hind part of the trunk is more developed than the front part. The chest and scallop are narrow. Legs are thin, but stable, with well developed hoofs that are mostly black. The mean crest height of adult goats was 61.32 cm, the trunk length 69.06 cm, the chest width 17.83 cm, the chest depth 30.64 cm, the circumference of the chest 84.25 cm, the circumference of the leg 8.33 cm, the length of the horns 29.49 cm and the body weight was 44.01 kg. In comparison with adult goats, young does have well developed body conformation (they obtain 96% of crest height and 95% of the trunk length of adult goats). All established body measurements of young bucks were higher than in goats of the same age groups: the crest height was 65.29 cm, the trunk length 72.57 cm, the chest width 18.14 cm, the chest depth 32.85 cm, the circumference of the chest 88.42 cm, the circumference of the leg 11.03 cm and the body weight was 51.28 kg

Physical and chemical properties, hygienic quality and fatty acid profile in milk of lactating Lacaune dairy sheep

In recent years, there has been globally increasing interest in dairy sheep breeding, including Lacaune sheep, which is supported by a high demand for sheep's milk on the market. This paper elaborates on the influence of a sheep's lactation stage on the physical and chemical properties, hygienic quality and content of fatty acids in milk produced by Lacaune sheep kept in intensive breeding. The research was conducted on 30 Lacaune sheep, which were tested in the early (60th day), middle (120th day) and late (180th day) stages of lactation. Density, freezing point and titration acidity were determined by applying the infrared spectrometry method, and indicators of the hygienic quality of milk, such as somatic cell count (SCC), were determined by the fluoro-opto-electronic method, and the total count of aerobic mesophilic bacteria (CFU) was determined by the flow cytometry method. The fatty acid profile of feed and milk was obtained by gas–liquid chromatography. Depending on the stage of lactation, results referring to the chemical composition of Lacaune sheep's milk showed a significant increase in the content of fat, protein, total dry matter and casein together with a significant decrease in the content of lactose in the late stage of lactation. There was also a significant increase confirmed for the concentration of urea and the freezing point in milk along with the lactation progress. Depending on the stage of lactation, milk yield in Lacaune sheep significantly decreased as lactation progressed. Analysis of the fatty acid composition in milk of Lacaune sheep proved a significant decrease in the concentrations of C4 : 0, C6 : 0, C11 : 0, C12 : 0, C13 : 0, C15 : 0, C17 : 1, C18 : 2n6 and C18 : 3n6 as well as the n6 concentrations and the n6 / n3 ratio. The opposite trend was observed for concentrations of C10 : 0, C14 : 1, C16 : 0, C16 : 1, C18 : 0, C20 : 2, C18 : 3n3, C20 : 3n6, C20 : 5n3 and C22 : 6n3 as well as for the n3 concentrations. When compared to the early lactation stage, the C18 : 3n6 and n6 concentrations were significantly lower in the late lactation stage, while the C20 : 2 and C20 : 5n3 concentrations were significantly lower in the middle lactation stage when compared to the late lactation stage. There were many significant positive and negative correlations determined between the researched properties of milk. The research results obtained with Lacaune sheep's milk can be compared to the results of other studies, except for the lower content of milk fat. This confirms the good adaptability of Lacaune sheep to different breeding conditions and the necessity to provide sheep with quality pastures for grazing.</p

Influence of heteropoly acids on rat synaptic plasma membrane atp -ase activity

The in vitro influence of 12-tungstosilicic acid (WSiA) and 12-tungstophosporic acid (WPA) on Na+/K+_ATPase activity, using rat synaptic plasma membrane (SPM) as a model system was investigated. The half-maximum inhibition (IC50) of the enzyme activity was achieved with 5.80⋅ 10-5mol/L of WPA and 1.17⋅10-4 mol/L of WSiA. The both examined compounds showed a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on the enzyme activity in the concentration higher than 1 μmol/L