Um Panorama do Desempenho em Inovação no Brasil e a Busca por Boas Práticas de Gestão na Transferência de Tecnologia (TT) nas Instituições de Ciência e Tecnologia (ICT) do Brasil

This paper outlines the evolution of performance in innovation in eight selected countries and identifies good practices in the management of intellectual property (IP) and Technology Transfer (TT) in Brazilian ST & I institutions. In the international context, using data from the Global Innovation Index (GII), from 2011 to 2018, it is possible to see the percentage of countries that, each year, was better or worse placed. The results show that in Brazil the performance was higher than 62% of the countries surveyed in 2011, while in 2018 the country is ahead of only 49% of the countries surveyed in the GII, presenting the worst performance curve of the group of eight countries studied. In search of improvement alternatives, it was identified which institutions in the country present superior performance in TT, and which are the best practices that can be replicated to leverage the performance of other Brazilian ICTs.Este trabalho traça um cenário da evolução do desempenho em inovação em oito países selecionados e identifica boas práticas em gestão da propriedade intelectual (PI) e Transferência de Tecnologia (TT) em instituições de CT&I do Brasil. No âmbito internacional, utilizando dados do Global Innovation Index (GII), período de 2011 a 2018, visualiza-se qual o percentual de países que, a cada ano, estiveram em melhor ou pior colocação. Como resultados demonstra-se que o desempenho do Brasil foi superior a 62% dos países pesquisados em 2011, enquanto em 2018, o país fica à frente de apenas 49% dos países pesquisados no GII, apresentando a pior curva de evolução do desempenho do grupo de oito países estudados. Em busca de alternativas de melhoria, identificou-se quais instituições no país apresentam desempenho superior em TT, e quais são as boas práticas que podem ser replicadas para alavancar o desempenho das demais ICTs brasileiras

Progress on Phage Display Technology: Tailoring Antibodies for Cancer Immunotherapy

The search for innovative anti-cancer drugs remains a challenge. Over the past three decades, antibodies have emerged as an essential asset in successful cancer therapy. The major obstacle in developing anti-cancer antibodies is the need for non-immunogenic antibodies against human antigens. This unique requirement highlights a disadvantage to using traditional hybridoma technology and thus demands alternative approaches, such as humanizing murine monoclonal antibodies. To overcome these hurdles, human monoclonal antibodies can be obtained directly from Phage Display libraries, a groundbreaking tool for antibody selection. These libraries consist of genetically engineered viruses, or phages, which can exhibit antibody fragments, such as scFv or Fab on their capsid. This innovation allows the in vitro selection of novel molecules directed towards cancer antigens. As foreseen when Phage Display was first described, nowadays, several Phage Display-derived antibodies have entered clinical settings or are undergoing clinical evaluation. This comprehensive review unveils the remarkable progress in this field and the possibilities of using clever strategies for phage selection and tailoring the refinement of antibodies aimed at increasingly specific targets. Moreover, the use of selected antibodies in cutting-edge formats is discussed, such as CAR (chimeric antigen receptor) in CAR T-cell therapy or ADC (antibody drug conjugate), amplifying the spectrum of potential therapeutic avenues

Brazilian Flora 2020: Leveraging the power of a collaborative scientific network

International audienceThe shortage of reliable primary taxonomic data limits the description of biological taxa and the understanding of biodiversity patterns and processes, complicating biogeographical, ecological, and evolutionary studies. This deficit creates a significant taxonomic impediment to biodiversity research and conservation planning. The taxonomic impediment and the biodiversity crisis are widely recognized, highlighting the urgent need for reliable taxonomic data. Over the past decade, numerous countries worldwide have devoted considerable effort to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC), which called for the preparation of a working list of all known plant species by 2010 and an online world Flora by 2020. Brazil is a megadiverse country, home to more of the world's known plant species than any other country. Despite that, Flora Brasiliensis, concluded in 1906, was the last comprehensive treatment of the Brazilian flora. The lack of accurate estimates of the number of species of algae, fungi, and plants occurring in Brazil contributes to the prevailing taxonomic impediment and delays progress towards the GSPC targets. Over the past 12 years, a legion of taxonomists motivated to meet Target 1 of the GSPC, worked together to gather and integrate knowledge on the algal, plant, and fungal diversity of Brazil. Overall, a team of about 980 taxonomists joined efforts in a highly collaborative project that used cybertaxonomy to prepare an updated Flora of Brazil, showing the power of scientific collaboration to reach ambitious goals. This paper presents an overview of the Brazilian Flora 2020 and provides taxonomic and spatial updates on the algae, fungi, and plants found in one of the world's most biodiverse countries. We further identify collection gaps and summarize future goals that extend beyond 2020. Our results show that Brazil is home to 46,975 native species of algae, fungi, and plants, of which 19,669 are endemic to the country. The data compiled to date suggests that the Atlantic Rainforest might be the most diverse Brazilian domain for all plant groups except gymnosperms, which are most diverse in the Amazon. However, scientific knowledge of Brazilian diversity is still unequally distributed, with the Atlantic Rainforest and the Cerrado being the most intensively sampled and studied biomes in the country. In times of “scientific reductionism”, with botanical and mycological sciences suffering pervasive depreciation in recent decades, the first online Flora of Brazil 2020 significantly enhanced the quality and quantity of taxonomic data available for algae, fungi, and plants from Brazil. This project also made all the information freely available online, providing a firm foundation for future research and for the management, conservation, and sustainable use of the Brazilian funga and flora

Núcleos de Ensino da Unesp: artigos 2007

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq