Extracellular Matrix Proteome Remodeling in Human Glioblastoma and Medulloblastoma

Medulloblastomas (MBs) and glioblastomas (GBMs) are high-incidence central nervous system tumors. Different origin sites and changes in the tissue microenvironment have been associated with the onset and progression. Here, we describe differences between the extracellular matrix (ECM) signatures of these tumors. We compared the proteomic profiles of MB and GBM decellularized tumor samples between each other and their normal decellularized brain site counterparts. Our analysis revealed that 19, 28, and 11 ECM proteins were differentially expressed in MBs, GBMs, and in both MBs and GBMs, respectively. Next, we validated key findings by using a protein tissue array with 53 MB and 55 GBM cases and evaluated the clinical relevance of the identified differentially expressed proteins through their analysis on publicly available datasets, 763 MB samples from the GSE50161 and GSE85217 studies, and 115 GBM samples from RNAseq-TCGA. We report a shift toward a denser fibrillary ECM as well as a clear alteration in the glycoprotein signature, which influences the tumor pathophysiology. MS data have been submitted to the PRIDE repository, project accession: PXD023350

The prevalence of diabetes and stress hyperglycemia in the acute myocardial infarction patients

OBJETIVOS: Determinar a prevalência do diabetes melito (DM) e da hiperglicemia de estresse (HE) em pacientes com infarto agudo do miocárdio (IAM) admitidos em unidade de emergência cardiológica. MÉTODOS: Análise retrospectiva de 2.262 pacientes com IAM, avaliando, além da prevalência de diabetes referido, o diagnosticado e a hiperglicemia de estresse. RESULTADOS: Apesar de referido em 12,1% dos pacientes (H: 10,7%, M: 15,8%), o DM ocorria efetivamente em 24,8% (H: 22,9%, M: 29,7%) e a HE em 13,6% (H: 14,3%, M: 11,7%) dos indivíduos dessa população. Portanto, alterações glicêmicas ocorreram em 37,4% dos indivíduos com IAM (H: 37,2%, M: 41,4%). Nos pacientes com DM, observou-se maior precocidade etária do IAM, maior prevalência de óbitos (DM: 20,7%, ND:13,8%, HE: 13,4%) e de procedimentos cirúrgicos (ND: 33,8%, HE: 18,0%, DM: 21,7%). CONCLUSÃO: A elevada prevalência de DM e hiperglicemia de estresse observada em nosso estudo indica que as alterações glicêmicas constituem um dos mais importantes fatores de risco para o IAM.OBJECTIVES: To evaluate in our population the real prevalence of diabetes (DM) and stress hyperglycemia (HE) in patients with myocardial infarction (IAM) admitted in a cardiologic emergency unit. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of 2262 patients with AMI evaluating the prevalence of DM (referred and diagnosed) and stress hyperglycemia. RESULTS: Besides 12,1% of subjects were previously referred to be diabetic (men: 10.7% and women: 15.8%), diabetes was effectively diagnosed in 24,8% (M: 22,9%, W: 29,7%) and stress hyperglycemia in 13,6% HE of the patients (M: 14,3%, W: 11,7%) indicating that glycemic alterations were effectively observed in 37.2.% of the patients with IAM (M: 37,2%, W: 41,4%). In DM subjects IAM events occurred earlier, total intra-hospital mortality was higher (DM: 20.7%, ND: 13,8%, HE: 13,4%) and less surgical procedures were performed (ND 33.8%, DM: 21.7%, HE: 18.0%). CONCLUSION: The elevated DM and stress hyperglycemia prevalence observed in our study indicates that glycemic alterations is one of the most important risk factors for IAM

Environmental mechanisms involved in weight gain and opportunities to prevent obesity

New societies, specially those that are transitioning towesternized lifestyles, are experiencing substantial increases inprevalence of obesity that is showing epidemic characteristicsin several communities. Besides it is well accepted that geneticfactors have an important role in weight control, the observedexplosion of obesity seen in the last century can not be explainedexclusively by alterations in genes that occurred in this shortperiod of time but it is much more suitable to be the result ofenvironmental changes related to the contemporaryindustrialization and technological advances. The primaryenvironmental determinants of obesity are those related to theincrease in caloric intake and low levels of activity thatgenetically susceptible subjects to the weight gain are exposedby the modern style of living. Stimulated by the cheaper andgreater availability of food, the increase in automation andmechanization facilitating the physical inactivity and thecontinuous psychological stress the modern man is actually moreexposed to behavior changes favoring the weight gain. Sinceobesity is widely recognized to be an important cardiovascularand diabetes risk factor, prevention of obesity must be recognizedby policy-makers as an important public health actions to protecthealth. To combat the epidemic of obesity we must cure the“toxic environmental” changing our behavior and promoting newfood technologies

Screening for asymptomatic coronary artery disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

ABSTRACT Diabetes is a very frequent disease and it is estimated that its prevalence will continuously increase during the next two decades. The arteriosclerotic process in diabetic patients progresses earlier and more diffusely, and it is more accelerated in the diabetic patient than in the overall population. In diabetic subjects, acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and stroke are the leading causes of death, but the presence of arterial disease is not always detected before the development of the acute arterial event. Several times, AMI is asymptomatic or present nonspecific symptoms, and it is the initial form of presentation of coronary artery disease causing an important delay in initiating cardiovascular treatment in these patients. The purpose of this review article is to discuss how to screen and early diagnose the presence of coronary artery disease in asymptomatic diabetic patients, based on new available diagnostic resources. Currently, the most recommended technique used for screening coronary artery disease in these patients is myocardial perfusion scintigraphy or stress echocardiography because of greater sensitivity and specificity in relation to the exercise test. However, technological advances have enabled the development of new imaging diagnostic methods that are less invasive than conventional coronary angiography, and which gradually gain importance in the diagnosis of coronary artery disease as they show higher effectiveness with lower invasiveness and risk. Arch Endocrinol Metab. 2016;60(2):143-5

Screening for asymptomatic coronary artery disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

ABSTRACT Diabetes is a very frequent disease and it is estimated that its prevalence will continuously increase during the next two decades. The arteriosclerotic process in diabetic patients progresses earlier and more diffusely, and it is more accelerated in the diabetic patient than in the overall population. In diabetic subjects, acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and stroke are the leading causes of death, but the presence of arterial disease is not always detected before the development of the acute arterial event. Several times, AMI is asymptomatic or present nonspecific symptoms, and it is the initial form of presentation of coronary artery disease causing an important delay in initiating cardiovascular treatment in these patients. The purpose of this review article is to discuss how to screen and early diagnose the presence of coronary artery disease in asymptomatic diabetic patients, based on new available diagnostic resources. Currently, the most recommended technique used for screening coronary artery disease in these patients is myocardial perfusion scintigraphy or stress echocardiography because of greater sensitivity and specificity in relation to the exercise test. However, technological advances have enabled the development of new imaging diagnostic methods that are less invasive than conventional coronary angiography, and which gradually gain importance in the diagnosis of coronary artery disease as they show higher effectiveness with lower invasiveness and risk. Arch Endocrinol Metab. 2016;60(2):143-5