57 research outputs found
Supersymmetric Wilson loops at two loops
We study the quantum properties of certain BPS Wilson loops in
supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory. They belong to a general family, introduced
recently, in which the addition of particular scalar couplings endows generic
loops on with a fraction of supersymmetry. When restricted to ,
their quantum average has been further conjectured to be exactly computed by
the matrix model governing the zero-instanton sector of YM on the sphere.
We perform a complete two-loop analysis on a class of cusped Wilson loops lying
on a two-dimensional sphere, finding perfect agreement with the conjecture. The
perturbative computation reproduces the matrix-model expectation through a
highly non-trivial interplay between ladder diagrams and self-energies/vertex
contributions, suggesting the existence of a localization procedure.Comment: 35 pages, 14 figures, typos corrected, references adde
Two-dimensional non-commutative Yang-Mills theory: coherent effects in open Wilson line correlators
A perturbative calculation of the correlator of three parallel open Wilson
lines is performed for the U(N) theory in two non-commutative space-time
dimensions. In the large-N planar limit, the perturbative series is fully
resummed and asymptotically leads to an exponential increase of the correlator
with the lengths of the lines, in spite of an interference effect between lines
with the same orientation. This result generalizes a similar increase occurring
in the two-line correlator and is likely to persist when more lines are
considered provided they share the same direction.Comment: 22 pages, 1 figure, typeset in JHEP styl
Correlators of supersymmetric Wilson-loops, protected operators and matrix models in N=4 SYM
We study the correlators of a recently discovered family of BPS Wilson loops
in supersymmetric U(N) Yang-Mills theory. When the contours lie on
a two-sphere in the space-time, we propose a closed expression that is valid
for all values of the coupling constant and for any rank , by exploiting
the suspected relation with two-dimensional gauge theories. We check this
formula perturbatively at order for two latitude Wilson loops
and we show that, in the limit where one of the loops shrinks to a point,
logarithmic corrections in the shrinking radius are absent at .
This last result strongly supports the validity of our general expression and
suggests the existence of a peculiar protected local operator arising in the
OPE of the Wilson loop. At strong coupling we compare our result to the string
dual of the SYM correlator in the limit of large separation,
presenting some preliminary evidence for the agreement.Comment: 20 page, 8 figure
Wilson line correlators in two-dimensional noncommutative Yang-Mills theory
We study the correlator of two parallel Wilson lines in two-dimensional
noncommutative Yang-Mills theory, following two different approaches. We first
consider a perturbative expansion in the large-N limit and resum all planar
diagrams. The second approach is non-perturbative: we exploit the Morita
equivalence, mapping the two open lines on the noncommutative torus (which
eventually gets decompacted) in two closed Wilson loops winding around the dual
commutative torus. Planarity allows us to single out a suitable region of the
variables involved, where a saddle-point approximation of the general Morita
expression for the correlator can be performed. In this region the correlator
nicely compares with the perturbative result, exhibiting an exponential
increase with respect to the momentum p.Comment: 21 pages, 1 figure, typeset in JHEP style; some formulas corrected in
Sect.3, one reference added, results unchange
On the invariance under area preserving diffeomorphisms of noncommutative Yang-Mills theory in two dimensions
We present an investigation on the invariance properties of noncommutative
Yang-Mills theory in two dimensions under area preserving diffeomorphisms.
Stimulated by recent remarks by Ambjorn, Dubin and Makeenko who found a
breaking of such an invariance, we confirm both on a fairly general ground and
by means of perturbative analytical and numerical calculations that indeed
invariance under area preserving diffeomorphisms is lost. However a remnant
survives, namely invariance under linear unimodular tranformations.Comment: LaTeX JHEP style, 16 pages, 2 figure
Area-preserving diffeomorphisms in gauge theory on a non-commutative plane: a lattice study
We consider Yang-Mills theory with the U(1) gauge group on a non-commutative
plane. Perturbatively it was observed that the invariance of this theory under
area-preserving diffeomorphisms (APDs) breaks down to a rigid subgroup SL(2,R).
Here we present explicit results for the APD symmetry breaking at finite gauge
coupling and finite non-commutativity. They are based on lattice simulations
and measurements of Wilson loops with the same area but with a variety of
different shapes. Our results are consistent with the expected loss of
invariance under APDs. Moreover, they strongly suggest that non-perturbatively
the SL(2,R) symmetry does not persist either.Comment: 28 pages, 15 figures, published versio
Therapeutically targeting guanylate cyclase-C: computational modeling of plecanatide, a uroguanylin analog
Plecanatide is a recently developed guanylate cyclaseâC (GCâC) agonist and the first uroguanylin analog designed to treat chronic idiopathic constipation (CIC) and irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBSâC). GCâC receptors are found across the length of the intestines and are thought to play a key role in fluid regulation and electrolyte balance. Ligands of the GCâC receptor include endogenous agonists, uroguanylin and guanylin, as well as diarrheagenic, Escherichia coli heatâstable enterotoxins (ST). Plecanatide mimics uroguanylin in its 2 disulfideâbond structure and in its ability to activate GCâCs in a pHâdependent manner, a feature associated with the presence of acidâsensing residues (Asp2 and Glu3). Linaclotide, a synthetic analog of STh (a 19 amino acid member of ST family), contains the enterotoxin's key structural elements, including the presence of three disulfide bonds. Linaclotide, like STh, activates GCâCs in a pHâindependent manner due to the absence of pHâsensing residues. In this study, molecular dynamics simulations compared the stability of plecanatide and linaclotide to STh. Threeâdimensional structures of plecanatide at various protonation states (pH 2.0, 5.0, and 7.0) were simulated with GROMACS software. Deviations from ideal binding conformations were quantified using root mean square deviation values. Simulations of linaclotide revealed a rigid conformer most similar to STh. Plecanatide simulations retained the flexible, pHâdependent structure of uroguanylin. The most active conformers of plecanatide were found at pH 5.0, which is the pH found in the proximal small intestine. GCâC receptor activation in this region would stimulate intraluminal fluid secretion, potentially relieving symptoms associated with CIC and IBSâC
Therapeutically targeting guanylate cyclase-C: computational modeling of plecanatide, a uroguanylin analog
Plecanatide is a recently developed guanylate cyclaseâC (GCâC) agonist and the first uroguanylin analog designed to treat chronic idiopathic constipation (CIC) and irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBSâC). GCâC receptors are found across the length of the intestines and are thought to play a key role in fluid regulation and electrolyte balance. Ligands of the GCâC receptor include endogenous agonists, uroguanylin and guanylin, as well as diarrheagenic, Escherichia coli heatâstable enterotoxins (ST). Plecanatide mimics uroguanylin in its 2 disulfideâbond structure and in its ability to activate GCâCs in a pHâdependent manner, a feature associated with the presence of acidâsensing residues (Asp2 and Glu3). Linaclotide, a synthetic analog of STh (a 19 amino acid member of ST family), contains the enterotoxin's key structural elements, including the presence of three disulfide bonds. Linaclotide, like STh, activates GCâCs in a pHâindependent manner due to the absence of pHâsensing residues. In this study, molecular dynamics simulations compared the stability of plecanatide and linaclotide to STh. Threeâdimensional structures of plecanatide at various protonation states (pH 2.0, 5.0, and 7.0) were simulated with GROMACS software. Deviations from ideal binding conformations were quantified using root mean square deviation values. Simulations of linaclotide revealed a rigid conformer most similar to STh. Plecanatide simulations retained the flexible, pHâdependent structure of uroguanylin. The most active conformers of plecanatide were found at pH 5.0, which is the pH found in the proximal small intestine. GCâC receptor activation in this region would stimulate intraluminal fluid secretion, potentially relieving symptoms associated with CIC and IBSâC
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