28 research outputs found

    Fossichnus solus and Oichnus simplex, two peculiar ichnospecies in modern benthic foraminifera from a polluted area in SW coast of Sardina, Italy

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    The modern benthic foraminiferal tests collected from a coastal area of south-western Sardinia (Portoscuso-Portovesme) that is heavily polluted by industrial activity reveal intense and widespread bioerosional structures induced by diversified microborers. A large number of the foraminifera reveals microscopic round holes (1-60 ÎŒm in diameter) and roundish concavities (25x40 ÎŒm in external diameter) on their surface that belong, respectively, to the ichnospecies Oichnus simplex Bromley, 1981, and Fossichnus solus Nielsen et al., 2003. These traces just occur in the tests of the foraminifera which are heavily infested by microendolithic cyanobacteria, algae and fungi suggests comparable ethological behaviour between the ichnospecies Fossichnus and Oichnus and the microbial euendoliths that are ascribed to individual biological taxa. The greater occurrence of F. solus and O. simplex in the high-Mg foraminiferal porcelanaceous tests than in the low-Mg foraminiferal hyaline tests reveals that the bioerosional processes seem to be related to the Mg/Ca ratio, as well as to morphological structures of the tax

    BORING SPONGES (ICHNOGENUS ENTOBIA) IN MESOZOIC LITHOCODIUM CALCIMICROBIAL CRUSTS

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    Globular cavities in calcimicrobial Lithocodium crusts are interpreted as trace fossils of boring sponges belonging to the ichnogenus Entobia. Two informal groups can be differentiated: a Norian-Rhaetian group from Tabas area(NE Iran) and Adnet (near Salzburg, Austria), characterized by large chambers and broad bifurcating apertural canals, and a second group from the Aptian of central Italy presenting smaller chambers and canals. The distal ends of these canals are closed by alveolar structures, preventing water circulation and leading to the death of the sponge.

    Calcareous nannoplankton and planktonic foraminifera of the Messinian and basal PliocĂšne from capo san Marco (W. Sardinia)

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    Calcareous nannoplankton and planktonic foraminiferal assemblages were studied from the upper Tortonian, Messinian and transgressive lower Pliocene of the Capo San Marco section. On basis of the material studied the lower part of the succession can be placed in nannoplankton zone NN 11 (Discoaster quinqueramus zone) and in the upper part of the Globorotalia acostaensis acostaensis zone and lower part of the Globorotalia conomiozea zone of the foraminiferal zonation. The upper part of the Messinian is barren of planktonic assemblages due to the ecological conditions prevailing in the upper Messinian salinity crisis. The Pliocene transgression can be related to nannoplankton zone NN 12 (Ceratolithus tricorniculatus zone) and to the Globorotalia margaritae zone.Sono state studiate le associazioni a nannoplancton calcareo e a foraminiferi planctonici del Tortoniano superiore -Messiniano inferiore e del Pliocene inferiore trasgressivo di Capo San Marco. Lo studio ha permesso il riferimento délia parte inferiore délia successione rispettivamente a zona NN 11 (Discoaster quinqueramus zone)/ Globorotalia acostaensis acostaensis zone superiore e Globorotalia conomiozea zone inferiore. La parte superiore délia successione messiniana non contiene associazioni planctoniche in quanto condizionata da fattori ecolo-gici legati alla crisi di salinita del Messiniano superiore. L'etù délia trasgressione pliocenica puo essere rapportata alla zone NN 12 (Ceratolithus tricorniculatus zone) / Globorotalia margaritae zone.Une étude du Nannoplancton calcaire et des Foraminiferes planctoniques provenants du Tortonien supérieur, du Messinien et du PliocÚne transgressif de la coupe de Capo San Marco (Sardaigne SO) a fourni les résultats suivants : 1. La partie inférieure de cette coupe appartient à la zone NN 11 (zone à Discoaster quinqueramus), respective à la partie supérieure de la zone à Globorotalia acostaensis acostaensis et à la partie inférieure de la zone à Globorotalia conomiozea. 2. Le Messinien supérieur ne contient pas des faunes planctoniques à cause des conditions écologiques, provoqués par la crise de salinité pendent cette période. 3. Le PliocÚne transgressif appartient à la zone NN 12 (zone à Ceratolithus tricorniculatus), respective à la zone à Globorotalia margaritae.Cherchi Antonietta, Martini Erlend. Calcareous nannoplankton and planktonic foraminifera of the Messinian and basal PliocÚne from capo san Marco (W. Sardinia). In: Géologie Méditerranéenne. Tome 8, numéro 2, 1981. Spongiofaune et microfaune néogÚnes. pp. 109-119

    La part des faciÚs « rhodalgal » à rudistes dans le rétablissement post-Turonien des systÚmes carbonatés péri-Téthysiens : exemple de la région de la Nurra (Sardaigne nord-occidentale, Italie)

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    L’association d’algues rouges corallines encroĂ»tantes et de bryozoaires (faciĂšs « rhodalgal ») avec des rudistes a Ă©tĂ© rarement mentionnĂ©e dans la littĂ©rature. NĂ©anmoins, en raison de l’importance que revĂȘt ce faciĂšs « rhodalgal » dans la caractĂ©risation des domaines nĂ©ritiques de production de sĂ©diments carbonatĂ©s (« usines Ă  carbonates »), la dĂ©termination exacte des facteurs Ă©cologiques connexes peut aider Ă  prĂ©ciser les reconstitutions palĂ©oenvironnementales des aires peuplĂ©es par les rudistes. Dans ce cadre, nous avons Ă©tudiĂ© les sĂ©quences carbonatĂ©es Ă  rhodolithes et rudistes d’ñge Coniacien terminal Ă  Santonien de la rĂ©gion de la Nurra (NO Sardaigne, Italie). On y identifie une gamme d’environnements de dĂ©pĂŽts, distincts, depuis ceux des faibles profondeurs, constituĂ©s de dĂ©bris bioclastiques relativement mobiles, avec notamment des Ă©lĂ©ments dĂ©rivĂ©s d’algues corallines et des rhodolithes, jusqu’à ceux resĂ©dimentĂ©s riches en bioclastes et comportant Ă©galement des rhodolithes. Le calcaire Ă  rudistes et rhodolithes appartient Ă  un cortĂšge sĂ©dimentaire essentiellement transgressif d’ñge Turonien terminal Ă  Campanien qui repose en discordance angulaire sur un substratum d’ñge CrĂ©tacĂ© infĂ©rieur. Le rĂ©tablissement des usines Ă  carbonates au CrĂ©tacĂ© supĂ©rieur fait suite Ă  un Ă©pisode au cours duquel les systĂšmes carbonatĂ©s du CrĂ©tacĂ© infĂ©rieur, avec des sĂ©diments caractĂ©ristiques d’associations de type « chlorozoan » et oĂč il y a aussi des Ă©lĂ©ments figurĂ©s non bioclastiques, ont subi les rĂ©percussions de perturbations globales, probablement d’origine climatique et/ou ocĂ©anographique, parfois appelĂ©es « crises mĂ©dio-crĂ©tacĂ©es ». En particulier au cours du Turonien infĂ©rieur Ă  moyen, intervalle affectĂ© par un important effet de serre, la sĂ©dimentation enregistre une importante rĂ©duction, voire localement la disparition totale, des usines Ă  carbonates. Dans les quelques environnements carbonatĂ©s restants, les communautĂ©s biotiques sont alors reprĂ©sentatives de conditions mĂ©so- Ă  eutrophiques : ainsi, si les rudistes contribuent de maniĂšre plus ou moins significative Ă  la production carbonatĂ©e, ce sont essentiellement les cyanobactĂ©ries qui prĂ©dominent dans les domaines nĂ©ritiques. Ces considĂ©rations amĂšnent Ă  penser que le rĂ©tablissement de la production carbonatĂ©e par le biais d’associations de type « chlorozoan », bien qu’appauvries, pourrait tĂ©moigner d’une amĂ©lioration des conditions du milieu au cours du Turonien terminal-Santonien. NĂ©anmoins en raison de contraintes Ă©cologiques, il est peu probable que les associations de type « chlorozoan » prĂ©sentant un cachet tropical aient pu prospĂ©rer au sein des plates-formes carbonatĂ©es de basse latitude du CrĂ©tacĂ© supĂ©rieur de Sardaigne. Au cours du Santonien, un transfert s’est produit vers des systĂšmes de dĂ©pĂŽt de type foraminifĂšre-mollusque (« foramol ») ou algues rouges corallines encroĂ»tantes-bryozoaires (« rhodalgal »), caractĂ©risĂ©s par des associations adaptĂ©es aux conditions sciaphiles et mĂ©sotrophiques (associations de type « rhodalgal » Ă  rudistes), florissantes dans les nouveaux domaines nĂ©ritiques. Il est admis que ce glissement vers des conditions relativement plus froides et des conditions mĂ©so- Ă  eutrophiques affecte la masse d’eau empiĂ©tant sur les secteurs marginaux de la plate-forme ou de la rampe distale du systĂšme carbonatĂ© de la rĂ©gion de la Nurra. Cette dĂ©tĂ©rioration y est probablement la cause principale de la disparition de nombreuses aires de production de carbonates ; Ă  ce facteur physicochimique, on peut ajouter la rĂ©activation tectonique de la rĂ©gion, responsable d’épisodes d’ennoiement enregistrĂ©s dans certains secteurs.The presence of non-geniculate coralline red algae and bryozoans (rhodalgal lithofacies) in association with rudists has been mentioned only rarely in the literature. Nevertheless, because of the significance of rhodalgal facies in the characterization of shallow-water carbonate factories, a correct interpretation of the related ecological factors may improve the palaeo-environmental reconstruction of some rudist-bearing carbonate depositional systems. Uppermost Coniacian-Santonian rhodolith-rich rudist-bearing carbonate successions in the Nurra region (northwestern Sardinia, Italy) record several discrete depositional settings, from autochthonous shallow-water mobile skeletal deposits including coralline algal fragments and rhodoliths, to re-mobilized deposits rich in skeletal components with rhodoliths. The rudist-bearing rhodalgal limestone studied is part of an uppermost Turonian-Campanian transgressive sequence that covers a tectonically-modelled Lower Cretaceous substrate. The recovery of the Upper Cretaceous carbonate factories followed an interval of time during which the Lower Cretaceous carbonate systems, dominated by chlorozoan assemblages and non-skeletal grains, had experienced “Mid-Cretaceous” worldwide crises presumed to have been caused by global climatic/oceanographic perturbations. In particular, Early-Middle Turonian times, characterized by the hyper-greenhouse conditions then prevailing, witnessed a significant reduction or even complete demise of highly productive carbonate factories. In carbonate settings, biotic assemblages grew in mesotrophic/eutrophic environments. Cyanobacterial consortia, with variable contributions from rudists, largely prevailed in shallow-water domains. Thus far, the latest Turonian-Coniacian recovery of Sardinian carbonate factories with “impoverished chlorozoan assemblages” might be considered as an indication of ameliorated environmental conditions. However, ecological constraints did not allow the tropical “chlorozoan assemblages” to thrive in the Late Cretaceous low-latitudinal carbonate shelves of Sardinia. A Santonian shift toward foramol/rhodalgal depositional systems occurred with sciaphile- (shadow preferring), and mesotrophic-adapted (“rudist-bearing rhodalgal”) assemblages flourishing in the new shallow-water domains. In Santonian times relatively cool and mesotrophic to eutrophic conditions are presumed to have become dominant in the water mass impinging on the marginal sectors of the shelf or distal ramp of the Nurra carbonate system. Deterioration in the quality of water presumably caused the demise of large sectors of the Nurra carbonate factory, which underwent local drowning episodes controlled by tectonic activity.</p

    CUNEOSPIRELLA SAMNITICA N. GEN. N. SP. (FORAMINIFERIDA) FROM THE SANTONIAN OF THE MATESE MOUNTAINS (MOLISE, CENTRAL ITALY)

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    A new larger foraminifer, Cuneospirella samnitica n. gen., n. sp., from the Santonian of the Matese Mountains (central Italy) is described. This taxon, characterized by an initial planispiral, a rectilinear adult stage and the subdivision of chambers by partitions, could be descended from a morphotype like  Spiroplectammina multicamerata Said &amp; Kenawy, recorded in the upper Turonian of the Apennines (central Italy).

    <em>DICTYOCONUS ARABICUS</em> HENSON (FORAMINIFERIDA) FROM THE LATE BARREMIAN OF THE LHASA BLOCK (CENTRAL TIBET)

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    The orbitolinid  foraminifer Dictyoconus arabicus Henson is described for the first time from the Tibetan plateau (Coqen-Gerze road, Lhasa block, Central Tibet). A discussion of the principal published data reveals that this species occurs in the Late Barremian, probably ranging to the Early Aptian. The intraspecific evolutionary degree of the studied specimens indicates a Late Barremian age. This dating leads to the conclusion that the Cretaceous marine ingression in the Lhasa block took place during the same time interval

    Corrélations entre datations radiométriques et ForaminifÚres Planctoniques dans le MiocÚne de Sardaigne

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    A geologic sequence of miocene ùge located in northern Sardinia is described which permits a correlation between volcanic deposits with an absolute age dating and a marine formation containing planctonic foraminifera. The results suggest a younger age for the Neogene series.Description, dans le MiocÚne de la Sardaigne septentrionale, d'un dispositif géologique permettant une corrélation entre des ùges absolus mesurés sur un appareil volcanique et une formation marine datée par des ForaminiÚres Plancto-niques. Les résultats obtenus tendent à rajeunir la série néogÚne.Anglada Roger, Cherchi Antonietta, Coulon Christian, Bellon Hervé. Corrélations entre datations radiométriques et ForaminifÚres Planctoniques dans le MiocÚne de Sardaigne. In: Géologie Méditerranéenne. Tome 2, numéro 1, 1975. pp. 1-3

    LignĂ©es phylĂ©tiques d’OrbitolinidĂ©s dans l’Hauterivien supĂ©rieur-Aptien infĂ©rieur du sud-ouest de l’Europe et leur importance stratigraphique

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    Schroeder Rolf, Clavel Bernard, Cherchi Antonietta, Busnardo Robert, Charollais Jean, Decrouez Danielle. LignĂ©es phylĂ©tiques d’OrbitolinidĂ©s dans l’Hauterivien supĂ©rieur-Aptien infĂ©rieur du sud-ouest de l’Europe et leur importance stratigraphique. In: Documents des Laboratoires de GĂ©ologie, Lyon, n°156, 2002. STRATI 2002. 3Ăšme congrĂšs français de stratigraphie. Lyon, 8-10 juillet 2002. p. 209
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