Técnicas analíticas luminiscentes y de separación aplicadas a la identificación y cuantificación de biomarcadores

Hoy en día existe un interés creciente en la búsqueda de biomarcadores, éstos son moléculas, proteínas o enzimas que pueden medirse objetivamente con fines del diagnóstico, pronóstico y/o terapéutico y sirven como indicadores de un proceso biológico normal o patológico y de la exposición a determinados agentes tóxicos. En el presente trabajo se efectúa una revisión bibliográfica de los métodos analíticos que permiten la determinación de los biomarcadores utilizados en la detección de enfermedades cardiovasculares, neurodegenerativas, tumorales y de otras patologías derivadas de la exposición a determinados agentes tóxicos. Entre las distintas técnicas y metodologías analíticas disponibles a tal fin, hemos centrado nuestro trabajo en el análisis de los biomarcado res por técnicas de luminiscencia (fluorescencia, quimioluminiscencia, inmunofluorescencia) así como por técnicas de separación (cromatografía y electroforesis) asociadas a detección luminiscente. Se puede apreciar la tendencia creciente a la búsqueda de biomarcadores para la detección precoz de las enfermedades neurodegenerativas, dado que este tipo de patologías crece vertiginosamente en las sociedades de Europa occidental, sin dejar en el olvido la investigación de biomarcadores para enfermedades cardiovasculares y tumorales

Antimicrobial resistance of three common molecularly identified pathogenic bacteria to Allium aqueous extracts

Articulo principal de estudiante de doctoradoThe aim of this work was to evaluate the in vitro bacterial inhibition of different types of garlic on Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus. The bacterial strains were molecularly identified using gen 16S rDNA molecular identification. Four different types of garlics were used: 1) white, 2) Japanese, 3) elephant and 3) black, and these were evaluated at two different concentrations (0.25 and 0.125 g/mL) per garlic type. Bioactive compounds present in the garlics were identified using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to ultraviolet detector (HPLC-UV), and total polyphenols were quantified by the Folin-Ciocalteu technique. The Kirby-Bauber method was used for the bacterial evaluation. Aqueous extract of black garlic had the highest amount of polyphenols 6.26 ± 0.21 mg GAE/mL. The area of inhibition was measured and classified as sensitive, intermediate or resistant. Using the disc diffusion assay, higher concentration (0.25 g/mL) of aqueous extract of white garlic had the highest antibacterial activity area, with 21.46 ± 3.94 mm for L. monocytogenes, 20.61 ± 2.47 mm for S. aureus and 17.83 ± 2.21 mm for E. coli. White garlic had comparable antimicrobial activity as the control (tetracycline at 30 μg) as indicated by the size of the inhibition halos. Based on your results, white garlic can be used as an alternative to synthetic antimicrobials.SIyE

Diversidad y caracterización de maíces criollos. Estudio de caso en sistemas de cultivo en la costa chica de Guerrero, México

Maize (Zea mayz L.) has an important cultural and economicvalue for phytogenetic wealth, due to its strategic dietarypurpose. The objective of this study was to explore managementantecedents and characterize native populations of Creole corns.The working methodology was to carry out a contest of whiteCreole corns, based on criteria used by local producers inTecoanapa, Guerrero. This first stage allowed understandingits diversity, characterizing its cobs, and selecting producers.In May 2006, 29 farmers and 42 parcels were selected, basedon materials that entered the contest as “local Creolesâ€.Surveys were carried out regarding their seeds, and use andmanagement of Creoles. Results report the use of 11 Creolevarieties. Palmeño and Olotillo were the ones of greatest use andthey were characterized with 24 variables. Comparative analysisbetween Palmeño and Olotillo show significant differencesbetween most of the variables. For Olotillo, the existence ofdifferences between variables at the time of seed selection isexemplified, comparing this with estimation in the field.Management along different native population years showsa variability of criteria for seed selection and the consistentexpression during the cultivation cycle, as a result from diverseexperiences among farmers.El patrimonio fitogenético tiene un importante valor cultural yeconómico en maíz (Zea mayz L.) por su propósito estratégicoalimentario. El objetivo de este estudio fue conocer antecedentesde manejo y caracterizar poblaciones nativas de maíces criollos.La metodología de trabajo fue realizar un concurso de maícescriollos blancos, basándose en criterios de productores localesde seis poblados de Tecoanapa, Guerrero. Esta primera etapapermitió conocer su diversidad, caracterizar sus mazorcas y seleccionarproductores. En mayo de 2006 fueron seleccionados 29agricultores y 42 parcelas con base en materiales que concursaroncomo “criollos localesâ€. Se realizaron encuestas sobre sussemillas, uso y manejo de criollos. Los resultados reportan eluso de 11 criollos. Palmeño y Olotillo fueron las de mayor usoy se caracterizaron con 24 variables. El análisis comparativoentre Palmeño y Olotillo muestra diferencias significativas entrela mayoría de variables. Para Olotillo se ejemplifica la existenciade diferencias entre variables al seleccionar semilla, comparadascon su estimación en campo. El manejo entre años dediferentes poblaciones nativas muestra variabilidad de criteriospara selección de semilla y la consecuente expresión durante elciclo de cultivo, como resultado de experiencias diversas entreagricultores

HLA-DRB1 ∗ 16:01 and HLA-DQB1 ∗ 05:02 Alleles Influence the Susceptibility and Progression of Cutaneous Malignant Melanoma

The authors would like to thank Xiaodun Huo for his technical assistance. This work was supported by Instituto de Salud Carlos III (FISS PI 13/02119).Background. The influence of HLA class I and II loci on the susceptibility to melanoma remains an area of intense debate. This study aimed to examine whether the HLA system was related to melanoma susceptibility and prognosis in a southern Spanish population. Methods. In this study, HLA class I and class II genotyping were performed using polymerase chain reaction sequence-specific oligonucleotides (PCR-SSO) in 237 Spanish melanoma patients and 636 ethnically matched controls. Data were analyzed according to the clinical characteristics of the defined subgroups. Results. Compared to the control group, DRB1∗16:01 (4% vs. 1.3%, p=0.001, Pc = 0.035, OR = 3.28) and DQB1∗05:02 (4.9% vs. 2%, p=0.001, Pc = 0.017, OR = 2.54) were positivity associated with the susceptibility to melanoma. Both DRB1∗16:01 (5.4% vs. 1.3%, p=0.001, Pc = 0.035, OR = 4.46) and DQB1∗05:02 (6.5% vs. 2%, p=0.001, Pc = 0.017, OR = 3.44) also showed a positive correlation with Breslow thickness >1.5 mm, most notably at an early age of diagnosis (≤58 years), DRB1∗16:01 (4.2% vs. 1.3%, p=0.001, Pc = 0.035, OR = 3.41) and DQB1∗05:02 (5.4% vs. 2%, p=0.002, Pc = 0.034, OR = 2.86). Conclusion. These findings established HLA-DRB1∗16:01 and HLA-DQB1∗05:02 loci as melanoma risk factors in the southern Spanish population.Instituto de Salud Carlos III (FISS PI 13/02119

La Química Analítica: aspectos conceptuales y docentes. Evolución, perspectivas actuales y retos de­ futuro

This work is meant to serve as a reflection on the current status of Analytical Chemistry, both in Spain and worldwide. Several aspects of the current interest in defining the scope of activities of Analytical Chemistry are commented. The ways in which Analytical Chemistry must respond to the needs of modern society are analyzed. From this point of view, its evolution and current trends are analyzed, taking as a reference the large investment made in analytical instrumentation by both private and public laboratories. Particular emphasis is laid in studying the increase in the number of publications with analytical content in internationally reputed journals, thanks to the efforts of scientists in universities and research centers. These factors have facilitated the transmission of knowledge in Spanish Universities, potentiating the training of future pharmaceutical professionals in this field.Este trabajo reúne una serie de reflexiones en el campo de la Química Analítica actual, tanto en España como en el resto mundo. Se comentan algunos de los aspectos relativos a la inquietud actual por definir el campo de actuación de la Química Analítica. Se analizan las maneras en las que la Química Analítica debe responder a los problemas diarios en la sociedad actual. Desde esta perspectiva, se analiza su evolución y las tendencias actuales, para lo cual se toma como referencia la gran inversión realizada en instrumentación analítica, tanto por los laboratorios privados como por los públicos. Se pone especial énfasis en el incremento en el número de publicaciones de contenido analítico en revistas de reconocido prestigio internacional, gracias al trabajo de los profesores e investigadores en universidades y centros de investigación. Estos aspectos han favorecido la transmisión de conocimientos en las universidades españolas, potenciando la formación de los futuros profesionales farmacéuticos en este campo

Ni tipo 1 ni tipo 2: una diabetes de perfil infrecuente con base autoinmunitaria

We present a 66-year-old patient with history of Graves-Basedow disease, who was admitted in charge of Internal Medicine with suspected debut of diabetes mellitus, being initially catalogued as type 2. The poor response to treatment with oral antidiabetics, requiring insulin therapy to achieve a proper glycemic control, along with the underlying pathology, raised the suspicion of latent autoimmune diabetes in adults. This was confirmed by the discovery of specific positive autoantibodies. The association between these two pathologies also makes it possible to classify the patient within a group of autoimmune endocrine disorders known as type 3 polyglandular syndrome.Paciente de 66 años con antecedente de enfermedad de Graves-Basedow que ingresó a cargo de Medicina Interna por diabetes mellitus de debut, siendo inicialmente catalogada como tipo 2. La mala respuesta al tratamiento con antidiabéticos orales, precisando insulinoterapia para conseguir un correcto control glucémico, junto a su patología de base, plantearon la sospecha de diabetes autoinmune latente del adulto. Esta se confirmó con el hallazgo de autoanticuerpos específicos positivos. La asociación de estas dos patologías permite además clasificar a la paciente dentro de un grupo de trastornos endocrinos autoinmunes conocidos como síndromes poliglandulares, en este caso tipo 3

Diabetes mellitus y obesidad: la importancia de realizar un abordaje integral de ambas entidades

We present a 63-year-old woman diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus in 2007 and grade III obesity, in addition to gonarthrosis and sequelae of a traffic accident. She was unable to perform physical exercise due to gonarthrosis and the aftermath of the traffic accident. Progressive treatment with oral antidiabetic agents did not achieve optimal glycemic control after several years of follow-up. Neither there was an improvement in obesity despite following several diets prescribed by specialists. We offered her therapy with insulin but the patient rejected it systematically. Finally, the use of combined treatment with agonists of the GLP-1 receptor and SGLT-2 inhibitors allowed to achieve an adequate glycemic control for the first time. In the subsequent controls, HbA1c values of less than 7% were reached, in addition to a significant reduction in body weight, with good tolerance and without adverse effects.Se presenta el caso de una mujer de 63 años diagnosticada de diabetes mellitus tipo 2 y obesidad grado III, muy limitada para la realización de ejercicio físico. Durante años no se consiguió un control glucémico óptimo con antidiabéticos orales ni una reducción del peso a pesar de seguir varias dietas pautadas por especialistas. Además rechazó sistemáticamente iniciar tratamiento insulínico. Ambos objetivos se lograron finalmente con un tratamiento combinado formado por agonistas del receptor GLP-1 e inhibidores SGLT-2, todo ello con buena tolerancia y sin aparición de efectos adversos reseñables

Desarrollo de una herramienta para la evaluación de los examen tipo test y sus aplicaciones en la mejora de la calidad y en los criterios de evaluación de estos exámenes

Depto. de Radiología, Rehabilitación y FisioterapiaFac. de MedicinaFALSEsubmitte

Study of HLA-A, -B, -C, -DRB1 and -DQB1 polymorphisms in COVID-19 patients

Background: Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) plays an important role in immune responses to infections, especially in the development of acquired immunity. Given the high degree of polymorphisms that HLA molecules present, some will be more or less effective in controlling SARS-CoV-2 infection. We wanted to analyze whether certain polymorphisms may be involved in the protection or susceptibility to COVID-19. Methods: We studied the polymorphisms in HLA class I (HLA-A, -B and -C) and II (HLA-DRB1 and HLA-DQB1) molecules in 450 patients who required hospitalization for COVID-19, creating one of the largest HLA-typed patient cohort to date. Results: Our results show that there is no relationship between HLA polymorphisms or haplotypes and susceptibility or protection to COVID-19. Conclusion: Our results may contribute to resolve the contradictory data on the role of HLA polymorphisms in COVID-19 infection.Instituto de Salud Carlos III - FEDER funds (European Union) PI 16/00752Junta de Andalucia CTS-143 C-0013-2018RAFER S.L