Main mechanisms and features of epileptogenesis of post-traumatic epilepsy

One of the most frequent and formidable consequences of traumatic brain injury (TBI) is post-traumatic epilepsy (PTE), which is the main identified cause of symptomatic epilepsy at a young age.The work highlights the "trigger" mechanisms of brain damage, including oxidative stress, leading to the disintegration of all levels of the central nervous system, contributing to the development of neuropathological syndromes, and especially PTE.The questions of differentiation of PTE from other epileptic paroxysms, the dependence of the development of PTE on the severity of TBI, the main risk factors for this type of epileptogenesis, its phasing, as well as disorganization and damage to the antiepileptic system are considered. The place of a nonspecific response to damage in the form of immediate and early seizures, their metamorphosis as the formation of PTE was determined.The existing spectrum of convulsive seizures is described, including partial, taking into account the localization characteristic of TBI with a predominance of lezional forms

Influence of magnesium on excitability of neurons of different levels of their organization

AbstractThe article indicates that the hyper-excitability of neurons is associated with ionic imbalance of cell membranes, in which a number of trace elements are involved. The energy component of these processes is associated with the presence of magnesium (Mg) as a universal supplier of the latter. Mg supports the functioning of NMDA receptors, which does not allow the excitotoxic effects of glutamate, which triggers the mechanisms of Ca entry into the neuron and its death, to manifest itself. Mg stimulates the main excitatory neurotransmitter acetylcholine, regulates the release of serotonin, glycine, dopamine, thereby normalizing the extrapyramidal system, the spinal stem structures, and the final executive motor apparatus. Participates in the energy support of adaptation processes, the activation of central regulatory mechanisms, control the excess of catecholamines and corticosteroids, other hormones and mediators involved in stress reactions

Production of exotic isotopes in complete fusion reactions with radioactive beams

The isotopic dependence of the complete fusion (capture) cross section is analyzed in the reactions $^{130,132,134,136,138,140,142,144,146,148,150}$Xe+$^{48}$Ca with stable and radioactive beams. It is shown for the first time that the very neutron-rich nuclei $^{186-191}$W can be reached with relatively large cross sections by complete fusion reactions with radioactive ion beams at incident energies near the Coulomb barrier. A comparison between the complete fusion and fragmentation reactions for the production of neutron-rich W and neutron-deficient Rn isotopes is performed.Comment: 13 pages, 6 figures, accepted in PR

Disagreement between capture probabilities extracted from capture and quasi-elastic backscattering excitation functions

Experimental quasi-elastic backscattering and capture (fusion) excitation functions are usually used to extract the s-wave capture probabilities for the heavy-ion reactions. We investigated the $^{16}$O+$^{120}$Sn,$^{144}$Sm,$^{208}$Pb systems at energies near and below the corresponding Coulomb barriers and concluded that the probabilities extracted from quasi-elastic data are much larger than the ones extracted from fusion excitation functions at sub and deep-sub barrier energies. This seems to be a reasonable explanation for the known disagreement observed in literature for the nuclear potential diffuseness derived from both methods.Comment: 9 pages, 3 figure

Groups and semigroups defined by some classes of mealy automata

Two classes of finite Mealy automata (automata without branches, slowmoving automata) are considered in this article. We study algebraic properties of transformations defined by automata of these classes. We consider groups and semigroups defined by automata without branches