Agreement between the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center

Agreement between CAAS and CIMMYT signed in Beijing, China on September 25, 1997. Agreement establishes cooperation for the promotion and acceleration in research and training for the scientific improvement of wheat and maize for China and other countries set forth in nine articles

Long-term follow-up of antiretroviral-naïve HIV-positive patients treated with nevirapine

This article reports on the extended follow-up of 125 antiretroviral (ARV)-naive patients treated with nevirapine (NVP) in the United Kingdom. The patients have been observed for a median of 1.8 years after starting NVP (range, 4 days-2.7 years). Baseline CD4 counts and HIV RNA levels were 210 (interquartile range, 130 - 335) cells/mm3 and 4.86 (range, 4.52-5.26) log10 copies/ml, respectively. Eleven patients (9.0%) developed a rash thought to be related to NVP, of whom 4 permanently discontinued NVP. Twenty-four months after starting NVP, RNA levels had dropped by a median of 2.32 log10 copies/ml and CD4 counts increased by a median of 143 cells/mm3. In all, 96 patients had at least one viral load measured 500 copies/ml in 37 of these patients, on average 2 years after initial response. In conclusion, in ARV-naive patients, NVP is generally well tolerated and long-term response rates are good

Legislative Documents

Also, variously referred to as: House bills; House documents; House legislative documents; legislative documents; General Court documents

Switching to the single-tablet regimen of elvitegravir, cobicistat, emtricitabine, and tenofovir DF from non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor plus coformulated emtricitabine and tenofovir DF regimens: Week 96 results of STRATEGY-NNRTI

<p><b>Background:</b> HIV-1-infected, virologically suppressed adults wanting to simplify or change their non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI)-based regimens may benefit from switching to the single-tablet regimen of elvitegravir, cobicistat, emtricitabine, and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (E/C/F/TDF).</p> <p><b>Objective:</b> We examined differences in the proportion of participants with HIV-1 RNA < 50 copies/mL (Snapshot analysis), change in CD4 cell count, safety, and patient-reported outcomes in participants switching to E/C/F/TDF from an NNRTI + FTC/TDF (TVD) regimen.</p> <p><b>Methods:</b> STRATEGY-NNRTI was a 96-week, phase 3b, randomized, open-label, study examining the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of switching to E/C/F/TDF in virologically suppressed individuals (HIV-1 RNA < 50 copies/mL) on an NNRTI + TVD regimen. Participants were randomized to switch or remain on their NNRTI-based regimen (no-switch).</p> <p><b>Results:</b> At Week 96, 87% (251/290) of switch and 80% (115/143) of no-switch participants maintained HIV-1 RNA < 50 copies/mL (difference 6.1%; 95% CI −1.3 to 14.2%; <i>p</i> = 0.12) according to the FDA-defined snapshot algorithm. Both groups had similar proportions of subjects with virologic failure (2.8% switch, 1.4% no-switch). Discontinuations resulting from adverse events were infrequent (3% [9/291] switch, 2% [3/143] no-switch). Three switch participants (1%) discontinued due to renal adverse events (2 of the 3 before Week 48). Switch participants reported significant improvements in neuropsychiatric symptoms by as early as Week 4, and which were maintained through Week 96.</p> <p><b>Conclusions:</b> E/C/F/TDF is safe and effective and reduces NNRTI-associated neuropsychiatric symptoms for virologically suppressed HIV-positive adults switching from an NNRTI plus FTC/TDF-based regimen.</p

Additional file 1 of Trends in, and factors associated with, HIV infection amongst tuberculosis patients in the era of anti-retroviral therapy: a retrospective study in England, Wales and Northern Ireland

Figure S1 The relationship between the timing of HIV and tuberculosis diagnoses in people diagnosed with HIV and tuberculosis between 2000 and 2014, by ethnicity. (PNG 453 kb

Change in CD4 count from baseline for non-AIDS patients at 12 months for the four treatment regimens.

<p>Change in CD4 count from baseline for non-AIDS patients at 12 months for the four treatment regimens.</p

Demographic characteristics and baseline viral load and CD4 count for all patients on first-line regimens.

<p>Demographic characteristics and baseline viral load and CD4 count for all patients on first-line regimens.</p

Use and cost of hospital services for non-AIDS patients at 6 and 12 months respectively for the four treatment regimens.

<p>Use and cost of hospital services for non-AIDS patients at 6 and 12 months respectively for the four treatment regimens.</p

Use and cost of services for AIDS patients at 6 and 12 months respectively for the four treatment regimens.

<p>Use and cost of services for AIDS patients at 6 and 12 months respectively for the four treatment regimens.</p

Multivariable Cox's proportional hazards regression model showing likelihood of first line treatment failure for the four treatment combinations at 12 months.

*<p>Adjusted for sex, age, ethnic group, baseline CD4 count, baseline viral load, stage of HIV at start of ART and year of starting first-line ART.</p