An Index Formula for Production Economies with Externalities

In this paper we prove an index formula for production economies with externalities. We allow for non-convexities in the production sector and set the firms behavior according to general pricing rules. We derive as corollaries existence of a general equilibrium in such a setting.General equilibrium theory, existence of equilibrium, increasing returns, externalities, degree theory.

Welfare Improvement Properties of an Allowance Market in a Production Economy

This paper studies the welfare improvement properties of a market of allowances in an economy with a single type of externality. We show that thanks to the opening of such a market the Pareto optima can be decentralized as marginal pricing equilibria. However, the set of equilibria is much larger than this of Pareto optima. In order to discriminate the efficient equilibria we introduce a demand revealing mechanism tailored for this framework.

An index formula for production economies with externalities

We prove that the degree of the equilibrium correspondence of an economy with increasing returns and external effects is equal to (−1)L−1 where L is the dimension of the space of goods. This allows us to infer existence, finiteness and uniqueness results.General equilibrium theory ; Existence of equilibrium ; Increasing returns ; Externalities ; Degree theory

Welfare improvement properties of an allowance market in a production economy

This paper studies the welfare improvement properties of a market of allowances in an economy with a single type of externality. We show that thanks to the opening of such a market the Pareto optima can be decentralized as marginal pricing equilibria. However, the set of equilibria is much larger than this of Pareto optima. In order to discriminate the efficient equilibria we introduce a demand revealing mechanism tailored for this framework.General equilibrium theory, Pareto optimality, externalities, markets of allowances.

Production Externalities and Expectations Application to the Economics of Climate Change

In this paper, we extend the problem of decentralization of Pareto optima in an economy with production externalities to the case where the production capacities upon which Pareto optimality is defined may differ from the aggregate of the firms expectations about their production possibilities. This issue is raised in order to deal with the seemingly different expectations of firms and governments about the economic consequences of climate change. We show the government can create a "production allowance" market in order to force the firms to produce in a way it considers as optimal. The results are then applied to the analysis of the economic and welfare consequences of climate change.General equilibrium theory, Pareto optimality, externalities.

On the emergence of scale-free production networks

We propose a simple dynamical model of the formation of production networks among monopolistically competitive firms. The model subsumes the standard general equilibrium approach \`a la Arrow-Debreu but displays a wide set of potential dynamic behaviors. It robustly reproduces key stylized facts of firms' demographics. Our main result is that competition between intermediate good producers generically leads to the emergence of scale-free production networks.Comment: 31 pages, 15 figure

An index formula for production economies with externalities

International audienceWe prove that the degree of the equilibrium correspondence of an economy with increasing returns and external effects is equal to (−1)L−1 where L is the dimension of the space of goods. This allows us to infer existence, finiteness and uniqueness results

Time in discrete agent-based models of socio-economic systems

We formulate the problem of computing time in discrete dynamical agent-based models in the context of socio-economic modeling. For such formulation, we outline a simple solution. This requires minimal extensions of the original untimed model. The proposed solution relies on the notion of agent-specific schedules of action and on two modeling assumptions. These are fulfilled by most models of pratical interest. For models for which stronger assumptions can be made, we discuss alternative formulations.Agent-based models, time.

Changes in the firms behavior after the opening of markets of allowances

This paper focuses on the influence on the general equilibrium of an economy of the opening of markets of allowances, such as the European Union Emission Trading Scheme. Assuming there existed an equilibrium before the opening of allowances' markets, we describe the changes in the firms behavior which guarantee that an equilibrium can be reached in the enlarged economy. Hence we describe under which conditions the economy can undergo the opening of markets of allowances.

Endogenous Growth in Production Networks

URL des Documents de travail : http://ces.univ-paris1.fr/cesdp/cesdp2016.htmlDocuments de travail du Centre d'Economie de la Sorbonne 2016.54 - ISSN : 1955-611XWe investigate the interplay between technological change and macroeconomic dynamics in an agent-based model of the formation of production networks. On the one hand, production networks form the structure that determines economic dynamics in the short run. On the other hand, their evolution reflects the long-term impacts of competition and innovation on the economy. We account for process innovation via increasing variety in the input mix and hence increasing connectivity in the network. In turn, product innovation induces a direct growth of the firm's productivity and the potential destruction of links. The interplay between both processes generate complex technological dynamics in which phases of process and product innovation successively dominate. The model reproduces a wealth of stylized facts about industrial dynamics and technological progress, in particular the persistence of heterogeneity among firms and Wright's law for the growth of productivity within a technological paradigm. We illustrate the potential of the model for the analysis of industrial policy via a preliminary set of policy experiments in which we investigate the impact on innovators' success of feed-in tariffs and of priority market access