Diagnostics of competitiveness of power-generating companies

The paper presents the results of a study of the processes of development of power-generating companies in the conditions of high risks and uncertainty. To reduce the impact of uncertainty on the prospects of energy business development in the field of energy generation, a system of diagnostics of the competitiveness of power-generating companies is proposed. This system makes it possible to identify the threats associated with the reduction of competitiveness and provide information and analytical support to the management of companies to create effective management decisions. The developed system of diagnostics is based on mathematical modeling using procedures of discriminant and cluster analysis. The diagnostic process identifies and evaluates the factors that affect the increase in risks and reduce the investment attractiveness of the energy business in the energy generation sector by centralized energy sources. This makes it possible to use the potential advantages of the market situation to improve the competitiveness of power-generating companies. The system of diagnostics of competitiveness of the power generating companies developed by authors is the effective analytical tool which raises quality and objectivity of the made administrative decisions. This will make it possible to avoid the appearance of adverse consequences, which may lead to a decrease in the competitiveness of power-generating companies in the electricity and heat markets. © 2019 WIT PressACKNOWLEDGEMENT The work was supported by Act 211 Government of the Russian Federation, contract No 02. A03.21.0006 and Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR), contract No 16-06-00317

Evaluation of economic risks for power-generating companies

The paper presents the results of a study on the economic risks affecting the competitiveness of power-generating companies. A methodical approach to the diagnosis of economic risks has been developed by the authors. The possibilities are estimated by using competitive advantages of various generating technologies on the basis of the method of decomposition of factors, which characterize economic risks. The process of development of power-generating companies involves the solution of complex problems related with the reliable power supply to consumers and the increase in efficiency of energy generation. The problem of increasing competitiveness requires the development of a special system for diagnosing the economic risks for power-generating companies. This implies forming a knowledge base necessary for the subsequent evaluation of the level of influence of economic risks on the competitiveness of energy sources. The approach proposed for diagnosing economic risks proposed is based on cluster and discriminant analyses. It allows determining the characteristics of energy-generating technologies that will give a high level of competitiveness. As a consequence, it becomes possible to study changes in the business environment and profitably take advantage of the potential advantages of the market. The evaluation of economic risks leads to assessing the level of their impact on the prospects of the presence of new energy-generating sources on the local energy market. It also permits analysis on the feasibility of exploiting their competitive advantages. The approach proposed is aimed at improving decision-making in conditions of uncertainty, minimizing economic risks and increasing the competitiveness. © 2018 WIT Press.ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The work was supported by Act 211 Government of the Russian Federation, contract No. 02. A03.21.0006 and Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR), contract No. 16-06-00317A.International Journal of Safety and Security Engineering;WIT Transactions on Engineering Science

FOOD FIBRES OF THE DOMESTIC PRODUCTION FOR THE MEAT-PROCESSING INDUSTRY

Summary. The range of meat products with food fibers can be rather wide. The choice of the corresponding type of fibers or creation of a mixed product according to specific objectives allows to develop the products enriched with fibers, or products with the high content of fibers which possess pleasant taste. The right choice of fibers also gives technological and economic advantages. Concrete functional properties of polysaccharides, obviously, are connected with their spatial structure. Experience of food technologies with all evidence testifies to it. Ability to thicken water solutions are among such properties, to form jellies, to create emulsions, foams, to act as their stabilizers, to connect heavy metals, etc. Beet and wheat celluloses promote preservation of juiciness and decrease in losses at heat treatment, stabilize a good trade dress of finished products from chopped meat. Their introduction in minced products – chopped semi-finished products, pastes, canned food is most expedient. The amount of food fibers brought in compounding of products, is caused by touch properties of products and can differ for different types of food fibers. For the purpose of improvement of quality and expansion of the range of meat products studied properties of food fibers of a domestic production of ECOLIGHT native (JSC EFKO-NT). For an assessment of possibility of use of preparations in technology of meat products investigated the microbiological status and the maintenance of ions of heavy metals in objects according to requirements the SanPiN 2.3.2.1078-01. An inspection of harmlessness of cellulose of food fibers "ECOLIGHT native" was carried out on the Paramecium caudatum biotest culture. For definition of conditions of application of a preparation of food fibers of beet cellulose "ECOLIGHT native" investigated functional and technological and commodity properties of granules of food fibers "ECOLIGHT native", developed with their application of a compounding and technical documentation on production of ready-made products

The Chemical Content Of Different Energy Crops

The paper presents the data of gaseous and alkali elements in above-ground biomass of energy crops. The investigations objects were Phalaris arundinacea L., Populus nigra, Artemisia vulgaris, Sylphium perfoliatum, Sida hermaphrodita, Dactylis glomerata, Salix viminalis, Medicago sativia L. The aim of the research: to evaluate the amount of chemical elements in energy crops. Evaluating the energy crops it can be seen, that the most alkaline metals are contained in Sida hermaphrodita, and the least in Sylphium perfoliatum L

ЭЛЕКТРОФОРЕТИЧЕСКОЕ ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЕ КАРБОНОВЫХ КИСЛОТ В СЫВОРОТКЕ КРОВИ С ВНУТРИКАПИЛЛЯРНЫМ КОНЦЕНТРИРОВАНИЕМ

Electrophoretic separation and on-line concentration of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in human blood serum of the patients with the inflammatory bowel disease is described in the current investigation. SCFAs are end products of carbohydrate fermentation, which are indigestible in the intestine. The highest concentrations of SCFAs are in the proximal colon, where they are absorbed by the epithelial cells of the colon (colonocytes) and then enter the tissues and blood. The changes in their serum content can indicate the metabolism disorders and inflammatory bowel diseases. The low sensitivity of capillary electrophoresis requires application of on-line concentration in order to implement this method for the detection of low concentrations of SCFAs in biological fluids. Moreover, for the salt-matrix samples, an application of common concentration techniques based on the differences in conductivity of sample matrix and background electrolyte is limited. Therefore, the development of fast, efficient and highly sensitive approaches for the determination of SCFAs in blood serum is an important task. In the current work, the improvement of the sensitivity of SFCAs has been achieved by the application of a water plug, which was proposed to be injected directly before the sample in order to form a low conductivity area for the acceleration and concentration of the analytes. The proposed preconcentration and electrophoretic separation scheme provided decreased detection limits of SCFAs (~ 50 - 70 ng/mL) due to 30 times concentration of analytes as well as fast analytes’ determination (15 min).Keywords: short chain fatty acids, on-line concentration, field amplified sample stacking, salt-matrix samples, capillary zone electrophoresisDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/analitika.2022.26.1.001D.V. Makeeva,  K.S. Antipova, L.A. Kartsova Saint-Petersburg State University, Institute of Chemistry7/9 Universitetskaya nab., St. Petersburg, 199034, Russian FederationДанное исследование посвящено разработке электрофоретических подходов к разделению и on-line концентрированию короткоцепочечных жирных кислот (КЦЖК) в сыворотке крови больных с воспалительными заболеваниями кишечника.  Короткоцепочечные жирные кислоты – конечные продукты ферментации углеводов, не перевариваемые в кишечнике.  Наиболее высокие концентрации КЦЖК обнаруживаются в проксимальном отделе толстой кишки, где они абсорбируются колоноцитами (эпителиальными клетками толстой кишки) и далее поступают в ткани и кровь. Изменение их содержания в сыворотке крови может свидетельствовать о нарушениях метаболизма и наличии воспалительных заболеваний кишечника. Недостаточная чувствительность метода капиллярного электрофореза (КЭ) требует применения он-лайн концентрирования для обеспечения возможности детектирования минорных концентраций КЦЖК в биологических жидкостях. При этом наличие высокосолевой матрицы существенно ограничивает использование классических методов внутрикапиллярного концентрирования, основанных на различии в проводимости фонового электролита (ФЭ) и матрицы пробы. В связи с этим актуальным является поиск экспрессного и высокочувствительного  электрофоретического определения КЦЖК в сыворотке крови.  Предлагаемый нами вариант стэкинга с усилением поля с водной пробкой, вводимой непосредственно перед дозированием анализируемой пробы, позволяет создавать зону низкой проводимости, попадая в которую аналиты ускоряются и концентрируются на границе с фоновым электролитом, обеспечивая заметное снижение пределов обнаружения (ПО). Достигнутые значения ПО составили ~ 50 - 70 нг/мл за счет концентрирования аналитов в 30 раз. Предложенный подход характеризуется минимальной пробоподготовкой и обеспечивает экспрессное определение КЦЖК  в течение 15 мин. Ключевые слова: карбоновые кислоты, он-лайн концентрирование, стэкинг с усилением поля с водной пробкой, высокосолевая матрица, капиллярный зонный электрофорезDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/analitika.2022.26.1.00

CREATION OF COLLAGEN PRODUCTS FISH RAW MATERIAL

Purposeful use of proteins of connecting fabrics is based first of all on structural and mechanical and physical and chemical properties of collagen, his physiology to a human body. Traditional source of collagen is the split of skins of the cattle, but in view of the objective reasons (spongy encephalopathy, reduction of a livestock of cattle), there was a need for search of alternative sources. The particular interest and popularity represent collagenic proteins in biomedical technologies, when receiving surgical sutural materials, wound healing means, prolongator of medicines, artificial organs and fabrics, implatant. New data on use the collagen containing of sources are directly connected with expansion of a source of raw materials of processing industries of agrarian and industrial complex on the basis of deep processing of biological resources and their maximum involvement in the main and special production with significant growth in an exit of useful products from raw materials unit. In this regard, researches of a microstructure of skins and fractional composition of proteins of objects of research are conducted; data on the general chemical composition and the content of collagen in them are received. Experimental data showed that the most perspective source of collagen from the studied fishes of internal reservoirs is the skin of a silver carp that is caused by the high content of target substance collagen, the low content of fat. The technology of receiving collagenic substances with the high technical characteristics allowing to apply them in production of medical materials is proved and realized in vitro. The comparative analysis showed that substances from a split of skins of cattle and a silver carp have an identical set of amino acids, but are characterized by the different content of separate amino acid s

TUTORING AS A FORM OF PEDAGOGICAL SUPPORT OF STUDENTS’ INDIVIDUAL EDUCATIONAL TRAJECTORIES

Purpose: The key provisions on which the tutor relies on the context of his work are the principles underlying open education: transparency; flexibility; continuity; variability; individual approach; individualization. Methodology: The relevance of the study is associated with the processes characteristic of the school system in modern Russia (modernization, optimization, change in the structural foundations), as well as the objective need of society in the search for fundamentally new approaches to the content and construction of the educational process in the educational institution. Result: Tutoring should be considered as a resource of individual evolution of personality, as a form of productive exploitation of open education opportunities for the development of individual educational programs, taking into account the specifics of a particular student. As pedagogical conditions for the implementation of the model of tutor support of the formation of basic school students’ research skills should be considered: innovative educational environment; scientific and methodological provision of tutor support of the process of building basic school students’ research skills; professional skills of the tutor. Applications: This research can be used for universities, teachers, and students. Novelty/Originality: In this research, the model of Tutoring as a Form of Pedagogical Support of Students’ Individual Educational Trajectories is presented in a comprehensive and complete manner

BIOCHEMICAL MECHANISM OF AUTOLYTIC PROCESSES OF MUSCULAR TISSUE OF FISHES

The conducted researches allowed to establish that intensive disintegration of a muscular glycogen leads to sharp decrease in size рН muscular tissue in the sour party that in turn affects a chemical composition and physic-colloidal structure of proteins therefore: resistance of meat of fish to action of putrefactive microorganisms increases; solubility of muscle proteins, level of their hydration which is water connecting abilities decreases; there is a swelling of collagen of connecting fabric; activity of the cathepsin (an optimum рН 5,3) causing hydrolysis of proteins at later stages of an autolysis increases; the bicarbonate system of muscular tissue with release of carbon dioxide collapses; predecessors of taste and aroma of meat are formed; process of oxidation of lipids becomes more active. As a result of accumulation dairy, phosphoric and other acids in meat of fish concentration of hydrogen ions of that decrease рН is result increases. Sharply shown sour environment and availability of inorganic phosphorus is considered the reason of disintegration of an actin-myosin complex on actin and a myosin which begins after 8 hours of storage, i.e. there comes the period of relaxation of muscle fibers and the period of permission of an numbness, and then the last stage of maturing of meat – deep autolysis. Thus, on the basis of classical ideas of biochemical changes of meat of land animals and summarizing the obtained data on posthumous changes in muscular tissue of fishes, it is possible to draw a conclusion that they have similar nature of regularity in comparison with muscular tissue of land animals, but their main difference is higher speed of course of autolytic transformations. It in turn leads to faster change of FTS of meat of fishes who are the defining indicators when developing assortment groups of products taking into account stages of an autolysis in meat

A new express method for determining the number of cycles of freezing and thawing poultry meat

Temperature fluctuations cause significant harm to the quality of poultry meat and its food safety, both at various stages of storage and transportation, as well as sales. Repeated repeated defrosting and freezing lead to a violation of the integrity of cells or protein denaturation, which is accompanied by a change in the ratio of the forms of moisture binding to the product. In this regard, there is an urgent task of establishing the facts of thawing and freezing of poultry meat, determining the number of cycles of repeated freezing. This article is devoted to the development of a new express method for determining the number of cycles of freezing – thawing of a broiler at the stages of the life cycle of poultry products. As the number of «freeze-defrost» cycles increases, the peak area of the differential scanning calorimetry curve (DSC) decreases from 206.4 to 192.6 kJ/mol with electric stunning and from 168.6 to 151.5 kJ/mol with gas stunning, the melting peak temperature also decreases from 5.7 to 5.2 oC with electric stunning and from 5.0 to 4.0 oC with gas stunning. The DSC temperature program and recommendations for its use for monitoring broiler processing and storage processes accompanied by phase transformations of water have been developed