Choirs and choir schools in the history of church music.

Thesis (M.A.)--Boston UniversityEver since the early days of Christianity music has been an integral part of the service of worship. In the beginning the whole congregation sang the responses, Psalms, and hymns. However, as the music became more elaborate, a nucleus of more skillful singers was developed to form a choir. The Council of Laodicea in the fourth century specifically stated that a choir would sing certain parts of the liturgy exclusively. A Schola Cantorum of school of singing was established by Pope Sylvester (314-35) to train priests in the art of scared music. This Schola rose in importance under Pope Hilary and Gregory. Ever since that time, the singers of the Schola have composed the choir which was officiated at Masses and ceremonies conducted by he Pope. Indeed, the methods of teaching and the quality and style of singing made the Schola Cantorum a model for the development of choirs and choir schools throughout Europe. [Truncated

Pulmonary oxygen uptake kinetics and exercise intensity: Inferences and implications

The kinetic features of the pulmonary oxygen uptake (VO2) response to exercise provide insight into the functional status of the cardiovascular, respiratory and muscular systems, in terms of exercise tolerance in health and disease. The focus of the current research was to improve current understanding of VO2 kinetics, with particular reference to reliable and accurate modelling and interpretation. Three studies have been carried out: 1. The dependence of VO2, intramuscular oxygenation status and arterialised blood lactate response on the work-recovery duty cycle duration during intermittent cycling suggests that the functional intensity of dynamic exercise is determined not only by the work rate per se, but also the manner of its imposition. Differences in the average VO2 relationship with lactate concentration, compared to constant work rate exercise, demand revision of conventional exercise intensity description. 2. A "priming" bout of supra-critical power cycling significantly reduces the magnitude of the VO2 slow component, with no discernible effect on the fundamental component VO2 kinetics, during subsequent sub-critical power, but supra-lactate threshold, cycling. The tolerable duration of this exercise was reduced in some, but not all, subjects, raising interesting questions regarding the determinants of the power-duration hyperbola and its relationship with VO2 kinetics. 3. Demonstration that the duration of the Phase I portion of the VO2 response during the rest-to-20W transition is prolonged in some, but not all, patients diagnosed with moderate-to-severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease has called into question traditional modelling strategies employed to characterise the VO2 fundamental component in this population. Speeding of the overall VO2 kinetics as a result of an 8- week exercise-training programme is demonstrated by a significantly speeded fundamental VO2 component. Exact details of the mechanisms underpinning VO2 kinetics in health and disease remain conjectural, but discussion has now directed opinion to the potential for VO2 kinetics to be obscuring regional differences within the exercising musculature. That VO2 kinetics can be determined using sub-maximal exercise, even in severely debilitated patient populations, highlights the utility of this approach when assessing the combined function of the respiratory, cardiovascular and muscular systems responsible for O2-delivery and O2-utilisation in patient populations. However, subsequent modelling of the VO2 kinetics must be physiologically justified and the interpretation appropriate

Combination of curaxin and tyrosine kinase inhibitors display enhanced killing of primitive Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia cells

Despite the big increase in precision medicine targeted therapies developing curative treatments for many cancers is still a major challenge due mainly to the development of drug resistance in cancer stem cells. The cancer stem cells are constantly evolving to survive and targeted drug treatment often increases the selective pressure on these cells from which the disease develops. Chronic myeloid leukaemia is a paradigm of cancer stem cell research. Targeted therapies to the causative oncogene, BCR/ABL, have been developed but drug resistance remains a problem. The introduction of tyrosine kinase inhibitors targeting BCR/ABL were transformative in the management of CML. However, patients are rarely cured as the tyrosine kinase inhibitors fail to eradicate the leukaemic stem cell which often leads to loss of response to therapy as drug resistance develops and progression to more fatal forms of acute leukaemia occurs. New treatment strategies targeting other entities within the leukemic stem cell either alone or in combination with tyrosine kinase are therefore required. Drawing on our previous published work on the development of potential novel targets in CML and other myeloproliferative diseases along with analysis of the facilitates chromatin transcription (FACT) complex in CML we hypothesised that curaxin, a drug that targets the FACT complex and is in clinical trial for the treatment of other cancers, could be of use in the treatment of CML. We therefore assessed the curaxin CBL0137 as a new agent to extinguish CML primitive cells and show its ability to preferentially target CML cells compared to healthy control cells, especially in combination with clinically relevant tyrosine kinase inhibitors

It was party identification all along: Question order effects on reports of party identification in Britain

The British voter is less likely than the American to make a distinction between his current electoral choice and a more general partisan disposition. This article investigates whether this difference might be due to a methodological difference between the British and American Election surveys: the British surveys, unlike the American, have placed the party identification question after the question on electoral choice, and this order may encourage the British respondents to bring their reports of their party identification into line with their actual votes. A split-sample panel study experiment was conducted to test this hypothesis. The results were not decisive, but they did suggest that the `improper' question order elicited a smaller proportion of `true' party identifiers and produced response uncertainty in the reporting of party identification.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/29992/1/0000359.pd

Use of an interactive website to improve communication and education at an academic hospitalist program

Statement of Problem: The academic hospitalist section at UNM expanded by nearly 50% over just 12 months and was intimately involved with major changes in the residency ward structure. Section members repeatedly cited the need for improved communication about administrative and educational matters. Innovation Objectives: To provide a readily available interactive website for use by our hospitalist section to communicate about administrative and educational matters. Program Description: We established an interactive website for use by our hospitalist section through a commercial internet service. Section members were invited to register, and were allowed to contribute comments, edit existing pages, add pages, upload files, and provide links to other websites. Viewing rights to the website were unrestricted. The initial website was begun with 6 pages. Findings to Date: In the first month, 16/17 of our hospitalists and 2/3 of our mid-level providers registered and subsequently make contributions to the website. In the first 90 days, 85 new pages were created and 132 files were uploaded to create a website of 120 MB. Of the first 91 pages, 47 dealt with administrative issues (such as schedules, committee meetings, minutes, credentialing, billing and coding); 27 involved specific information about the residency and new ward structure; 14 specifically addressed educational topics; and 4 addressed faculty development and research efforts. At the end of one year, 289 pages and 330 files were added, creating a website of 627 MB. Lectures by hospitalist are now recorded and uploaded to the site. The website is now frequently viewed by residents and medical students who cite the value of the educational pages and pages that deal with residency issues. 80% of surveyed hospitalists found the site to be helpful or very helpful. To date the size of the website has not exceeded the initial free service, and the Section has incurred no direct cost related to this project. Key Lessons Learned: Establishment of an interactive website resulted in contributions by almost all hospitalists in our Section, has improved communication, and proved to be of value to medical students and residents with regard to educatio

Ecology and management of mourning doves in Missouri (2016)

Mourning doves (Zenaida macroura) are among the most popular migratory game birds in Missouri (Figure 1). Though found across the state year-round, most Missouri doves migrate to the southern United States rather than overwinter here. Mourning doves are classified as a federal migratory species, which means the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service manages hunting regulations at the national level. Doves' quick flight, erratic movements and edible meat make them a popular species among hunters and wildlife enthusiasts in Missouri, where the annual harvest of mourning doves is greater than that of other game bird species. Managing habitats for doves can provide hours of enjoyment for homeowners and landowners alike. Doves find food and shelter in a variety of habitat types, including pastures, croplands, open forests and forest edges, and in urban and suburban areas. Establishing and managing fields for dove populations can provide recreational hunting opportunities during fall, which can be a source of income for the landowner. Before undertaking efforts to establish or improve dove habitats on your land, you should understand their life history and biology. With that in mind, you can implement management practices to improve or add habitat components that might be in short supply and improve the overall habitat for doves and other species.Revised 2/16/Web only

Hunting doves on agricultural lands in Missouri (2016)

Many hunters and landowners establish crops and manage habitats to create ideal conditions and locations to hunt mourning doves and provide food and cover for a variety of wildlife. Mourning doves are migratory birds, so they are protected under the federal Migratory Bird Treaty Act, which specifically prohibits baiting a field for the purpose of hunting (Figure 1). Planting and managing fields using normal agricultural practices require careful planning and an understanding of the relevant regulations. This publication aims to help landowners understand baiting regulations and particularly the differences between baiting and what constitutes a normal agricultural operation in Missouri. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the Missouri Department of Conservation (MDC) are empowered to enforce regulations governing baiting migratory birds. You can find more specific information about these regulations in the Additional information section.New 2/16/Web only