Two reasons why epistemic reasons are not object-given reasons

In this paper I discuss two claims; the first is the claim that state-given reasons for belief are of a radically different kind to object-given reasons for belief. The second is that, where this last claim is true, epistemic reasons are object-given reasons for belief (EOG). I argue that EOG has two implausible consequences: (i) that suspension of judgement can never be epistemically justified, and (ii) that the reason that epistemically justifies a belief that p can never be the reason for which one believes that p

The development of an improved business game for use in Massey University marketing courses : a thesis presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Agricultural Business and Administration in Marketing at Massey University

The thesis is a response to a problem situation in which a business game, having been used in undergraduate courses for several years, was thought to be inadequate by course and game administrators. The problem is first defined and objectives for the study are set. This is followed by a comprehensive overview of business gaming and a more specific review of the processes and problems of business game design. A description of the game in use, MARKSIM, is given. The MARKSIM experience at Massey University is evaluated from the game administrators' and game players' points of view, the latter by a survey of 41 second and third year marketing students. The specifications of a more satisfactory game are derived from this evaluation and alternative means of acquiring such a game are investigated. The solution chosen as most appropriate is to modify the game already in use and this is carried out. Improvements to the game include reparameterization of the game to reflect the New Zealand business environment, adoption of a two-product product mix, inclusion of optional qualitative administrator inputs reflecting advertising efficiency and annual report quality, superimposition of a share market on the model business community, increased market research capabilities, and general improvement of the game's robustness against administrator and player errors. Evaluation of the resultant game in terms of the problem situation is not possible within the time horizon of the thesis. Program listings are appended

Tuning gain and bandwidth of traveling wave tubes using metamaterial beam-wave interaction structures

We employ metamaterial beam-wave interaction structures for tuning the gain and bandwidth of short traveling wave tubes. The interaction structures are made from metal rings of uniform cross section, which are periodically deployed along the length of the traveling wave tube. The aspect ratio of the ring cross sections are adjusted to control both gain and bandwidth. The frequency of operation is controlled by the filling fraction of the ring cross section with respect to the period

The Spatial Dictionary

This thesis and the corresponding portfolio ‘The Spatial Dictionary’ is an investigation into the use of written language as a generative and descriptive approach for the design of Interior spaces. The potential utility of the dictionary as an object is explored as a conceptual ‘tool-box’ for the use of Interior designers. The dictionary is to be viewed here as a mechanism to translate both concrete and abstract visual ‘concepts’ into a written commentary, using a defined list of terms, whilst inadvertently exploring the notion that the exploration of this spatial vocabulary gives us an insight into what constitutes interior space and design. This thesis investigates the position that spatial language is not simply one of identification of phenomena pertaining to space but it can also be used as a tool for the intention and creation of interior spaces and desig

Why responsible belief is blameless belief

No description supplie

Scaffolding Cognition with Words

We describe a set of experiments investigating the role of natural language symbols in scaffolding situated action. Agents are evolved to respond appropriately to commands in order to perform simple tasks. We explore three different conditions, which show a significant advantage to the re-use of a public symbol system, through self-cueing leading to qualitative changes in performance. This is modelled by looping spoken output via environment back to heard input. We argue this work can be linked to, and sheds new light on, the account of self-directed speech advanced by the developmental psychologist Vygotsky in his model of the development of higher cognitive function

Educating and Training Library Practitioners: A Comparative History with Trends and Recommendations

published or submitted for publicatio

Recombinant DNA Molecules of Bacteriophage phi X174

phi X174 DNA structures containing two different parental genomes were detected genetically and examined by electron microscopy. These structures consisted of two monomeric double-stranded DNA molecules linked in a figure 8 configuration. Such DNA structures were observed to be formed preferentially in host recA+ cells or recA+ cell-free systems. Since the host recA+ allele is required for most phi X174 recombinant formation, we conclude that the observed figure 8 molecules are intermediates in, or end products of, a phi X174 recombination event. We propose that recombinant figure 8 DNA molecules arise as a result of "single-strand aggression," are stabilized by double-strand "branch migration," and represent a specific example of a common intermediate in genetic recombination

Deletion mutants of bacteriophage phiX174

Mutants of bacteriophage phiX174 have been isolated that are less dense than wild-type phiX particles in CsCl. When mutant viral (+) strand DNA and wild-type complementary (-) strand DNA are hybridized, the resulting duplex molecules have single-stranded loops characteristic of wild-type-deletion heteroduplexes. The mutant bacteriophages fail to complement phiX amber mutants in cistron E. We conclude that the mutant viruses have deleted approximately 7% of the phiX genome in the region of cistron E