Culture and Terrorism: Cultural Heritage of Historic Maritime Cities in Counter-Terrorism Strategies

Područje kulture i kulturalnih studija izvan je sustavnog interesa sigurnosnih studija i policyja (provedbene politike) nacionalne sigurnosti generalno i studija terorizma i protuterorističkih policyja partikularno. U radu se razmatra jedan od aspekata odnosa kulture i (protu)terorizma: kultura kao meta ugrožavanja. Povijesni su gradovi upravo područja koja obiluju kulturom i kulturnom baštinom. Kultura i kulturna baština selektirana su meta terorizma. Prema autoritativnoj Global Terrorism Database kulturna baština (religijski objekti/institucije) u razdoblju od 1970. do 2016. bila je meta 4304 teroristička udara diljem svijeta što je cca 2,5 % od ukupnog broja od170.350 terorističkih akata koliko ih se dogodilo u promatranom razdoblju. U radu se s aspekta (protu)terorizma, metodom slučajnog uzorka, analizira i stanje sigurnosti u pomorskim lukama hrvatskih povijesnih gradova te brodova koji u njima borave u odnosu na terorizam te iznose policy preporuke za jačanje protuterorističkih kapaciteta.The field of culture and cultural studies is beyond the systematic interest of security studies and policies (implemented politics) of national security in general, and the study of terrorism and counter-terrorism policies in particular. This paper deals with one aspect of the relationship between culture and (counter) terrorism: culture as a target. Historic cities are precisely the areas that are rich in culture and cultural heritage. Culture and cultural heritage are targets of terrorism. According to the authoritative Global Terrorism Database, cultural heritage (religious objects/institutions) was a target of 4304 terrorist attacks worldwide from 1970 to 2016, which is approximately 2.5% of the total number of 170,350 attacks within the observed period. This paper deals with the aspect of (counter)terrorism, by means of a random sample, analyzing the security of Croatian historical cities’ maritime ports and the ships residing in them in relation to terrorism and providing policy recommendations for the strengthening of counter-terrorism capacities

SUNFLOWER BREEDING AND SEED PRODUCTION IN THE AGRICULTURAL INSTITUTE OSIJEK

Oplemenjivački rad na suncokretu u Poljoprivrednom institutu Osijek započeo je prije 30-ak godina. Tada je počeo proces stvaranja inbred linija pretežito iz visokouljnih ruskih sorti suncokreta koje su se tada uzgajale u Hrvatskoj. Prije 25 godina u oplemenjivačkom radu počeli smo koristiti izvore citoplazmatske muške sterilnosti (cms) ,te izvore restorer gena (rf) za obnavljanje fertilnosti u F₁ hibridnoj generaciji. Tijekom proteklog razdoblja stvoreno je mnogo samooplodnih linija dobrih općih i specifičnih kombinatornih sposobnosti (OKS i SKS). Oplemenjivanje suncokreta, kao i ostalih ratarskih kultura, najučinkovitiji je i za okoliš najprihvatljiviji način za povećanje količine i kakvoće hrane. Glavni cilj našeg rada je stvaranje novih, superiornih, hibrida visokog uroda zrna (iznad 5 t/ha), sadržaja ulja (iznad 50%), te visokog i stabilnog uroda ulja (iznad 2 t/ha). Za ostvarenje ovih ciljeva potrebno je stvoriti hibride niske do srednje visoke stabljike, povećati otpornost na polijeganje i sušu, te povećati žetveni indeks. Posebna pozornost posvećuje se stvaranju linija s naglašenom tolerantnošću prema dominantnim patogenima: Plasmopara halstedii, Alternaria helianthi, Macrophomina phaseolina, Phoma macdonaldi, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum i Phomopsis helianthi. Osim toga, potrebno je stvoriti hibride kraće vegetacije (110-120 dana), s dužim trajanjem lisne površine (Leaf area duration - LAD). Rezultat dosadašnjeg rada je 12 priznatih hibrida suncokreta, koji su uvelike doprinjeli povećanju proizvodnje suncokreta u Republici Hrvatskoj.Također su dva hibrida suncokreta Poljoprivrednog instituta Osijek priznata u Republici Slovačkoj. Kvalitetno sjemenarstvo suncokreta najznačajniji je proces u održavanju genetske čistoće linija i hibrida. U Hrvatskoj se sve češće susrećemo s problemom pronalaženja odgovarajućih površina i potrebne prostorne izolacije. Budući da nova generacija naših hibrida suncokreta ima visok sadržaj ulja, posebna pozornost mora se posvetiti pravovremenoj žetvi i brzoj dopremi sjemena u doradbene kapacitete.Sunflower breeding in the Agricultural Institute Osijek started 30 years ago. At that time began a process of creation inbred lines from high oil Russian sunflower varieties that were grown then in Croatia. In breeding work, we began with usage sources of cytoplasmic male sterility (cms) and restorer genes (rf) for fertility restoring in F₁ hybrid generation 25 years ago. During last period, a plenty of inbred lines with good general and specific combining abilities (GCA and SCA) have created. Sunflower breeding as well as breeding of other field crops is the most efficient and environmentally the most accepted way for increasing food quantity and quality. Main goal of our work is creation of new superior hybrids with high grain yield (over 5 t/ha), oil content (over 50%), and high and stable oil yield (over 2 t/ha). For realization of these goals, it is needed to create hybrids with short to middle high stalk, increase resistance to logging and drought, and increase harvesting index. Special attention is devoted to creation inbred lines with emphasized tolerance to dominant pathogens: Plasmopara halstedii, Alternaria helianthi, Macrophomina phaseolina, Phoma macdonaldi, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Phomopsis helianthi. Furthermore, it is necessary to create hybrids of shorter vegetation (120- 125 days), with longer duration of leaf area (Leaf area duration - LAD). Result of hereunto work is 12 approved sunflower hybrids that have given a large contribution to increasing sunflower production in Republic of Croatia. Also, in Republic of Slovakia have approved two sunflower hybrids of the Agricultural Institute Osijek. Sunflower qualitative seed production is the most important process in maintenance of genetic purity of lines and hybrids. In Croatia, we often meet a problem of finding appropriate areas and required space isolation. Due to high oil content of our new sunflower hybrids generation, a special attention have to be given to on time harvesting and fast delivery of seed to processing facilities

NAČELO POVRATNE VEZE SA PRIMJEROM UPRAVLJANJA BRODSKIM KORMILOM

Napretkom tehnologije i industrijskim revolucijama došlo je i do razvoja brodogradnje, a samim time i načina upravljanja brodom. Pojavom automatskog upravljanja brodskim kormilom je gotovo istisnuto prvotno ručno upravljanje. Automatsko upravljanje brodskim kormilom oslanja se na niz parametara i sustava iz okoline i zadržava brod na pravom kursu. Prilikom plovidbe zbog vanjskih utjecaja kao što su morske struje, valovi, vjetar ili neki drugi utjecaj može doći do odmaka od zadanog kursa. Zadatak automatskog upravljanja je da brod vrati na zadani kurs. Kompletan sustav je jako kompleksan i zahtijeva neprestano održavanje i ažuriranje kako bi sve funkcioniralo. „Srce svakog sustava automatske regulacije jest ideja povratne veze!“ Shimon.Y. Nof (editor), Handbook of Automation, Springer, 2009With the advancement of technology and industrial revolutions, there was also the development of shipbuilding, and thus the way of operating the ship. With the advent of automatic steering, the ship's rudder was almost squeezed out by the original manual control. Automatic steering of the ship's rudder relies on a number of parameters and systems from the environment and keeps the ship on the right course. When sailing due to external influences such as sea currents, waves, wind or some other influence, there may be a shift away from the set course. The task of automatic steering is to return the ship to its set course. The complete system is very complex and requires constant maintenance and updating to make everything work. „The heart of any automatic control system is the idea of a feedback link“ Shimon.Y. Nof (editor), Handbook of Automation, Springer, 200