Culture and Terrorism: Cultural Heritage of Historic Maritime Cities in Counter-Terrorism Strategies

Abstract

Područje kulture i kulturalnih studija izvan je sustavnog interesa sigurnosnih studija i policyja (provedbene politike) nacionalne sigurnosti generalno i studija terorizma i protuterorističkih policyja partikularno. U radu se razmatra jedan od aspekata odnosa kulture i (protu)terorizma: kultura kao meta ugrožavanja. Povijesni su gradovi upravo područja koja obiluju kulturom i kulturnom baštinom. Kultura i kulturna baština selektirana su meta terorizma. Prema autoritativnoj Global Terrorism Database kulturna baština (religijski objekti/institucije) u razdoblju od 1970. do 2016. bila je meta 4304 teroristička udara diljem svijeta što je cca 2,5 % od ukupnog broja od170.350 terorističkih akata koliko ih se dogodilo u promatranom razdoblju. U radu se s aspekta (protu)terorizma, metodom slučajnog uzorka, analizira i stanje sigurnosti u pomorskim lukama hrvatskih povijesnih gradova te brodova koji u njima borave u odnosu na terorizam te iznose policy preporuke za jačanje protuterorističkih kapaciteta.The field of culture and cultural studies is beyond the systematic interest of security studies and policies (implemented politics) of national security in general, and the study of terrorism and counter-terrorism policies in particular. This paper deals with one aspect of the relationship between culture and (counter) terrorism: culture as a target. Historic cities are precisely the areas that are rich in culture and cultural heritage. Culture and cultural heritage are targets of terrorism. According to the authoritative Global Terrorism Database, cultural heritage (religious objects/institutions) was a target of 4304 terrorist attacks worldwide from 1970 to 2016, which is approximately 2.5% of the total number of 170,350 attacks within the observed period. This paper deals with the aspect of (counter)terrorism, by means of a random sample, analyzing the security of Croatian historical cities’ maritime ports and the ships residing in them in relation to terrorism and providing policy recommendations for the strengthening of counter-terrorism capacities