Os efeitos dos regimes de fogo sobre a vegetação de Cerrado no Parque Nacional das Emas, GO: considerações para a conservação da diversidade

O fogo é um importante agente evolutivo que pode causar alterações florísticas, filogenéticas e funcionais nas comunidades vegetais de cerrado, alterando a composição do solo e modificando as interações interespecíficas. Aqui discutimos os efeitos do fogo sobre a vegetação de cerrado e levantamos sugestões para o seu manejo em unidades de conservação. Com especial ênfase para trabalhos realizados no Parque Nacional das Emas, na fisionomia de campo cerrado, compilamos os seguintes resultados: em maiores frequências de fogo (queimadas anuais ou bienais) ocorre agrupamento fenotípico, diminuição da competição, diminuição da biomassa vegetal e enriquecimento dos solos; em menor frequência (sem queimadas há doze anos), há maior competição entre as espécies e grande acúmulo de biomassa seca. Além disso, diferentes regimes de fogo suportam diferentes composições florísticas, com grupos de espécies exclusivos em cada regime, tanto de espécies herbáceo-subarbustivas quanto de arbustivo-arbóreas. Portanto, sugerimos que seja mantido um mosaico com diferentes regimes de fogo e que se evitem áreas de cerrado sem queimadas por muitos anos. Palavras-chave: biomassa vegetal, diversidade filogenética, diversidade funcional, manejo, solo

Caracterização epidemiológica da sífilis congênita no Brasil entre os anos de 2017 e 2021

This article aims to identify and analyze the epidemiological profile of congenital syphilis in Brazil, from 2017 to 2021. This article is an epidemiological, retrospective, descriptive study on cases of congenital syphilis in Brazil and its regions, with data obtained from the Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN), between 2017 and 2021. The variables of interest were: age group of the newborn, sex, ethnicity, region, education and maternal age group, completion of pre- -natal, maternal syphilis, partner treatment and evolution of cases. It was found that in the period from 2017 to 2021, 109,737 cases of congenital syphilis were recorded. During this period, the year 2018 was responsible for the majority of case numbers, followed by a decline until the year 2021. The results of this study highlight a high rate of occurrence of congenital syphilis in the country. However, it is crucial to highlight the limitations of the data presented, due to the significant underreporting of cases. Therefore, it is essential to structure and implement actions to control this disease and improve its reporting. Congenital syphilis is a preventable condition, but its consequences are numerous, especially for the fetus.Este artigo tem por objetivo identificar e analisar o perfil epidemiológico da sífilis congênita no Brasil, no período de 2017 a 2021. O presente artigo se trata de um estudo epidemiológico, retrospectivo, de caráter descritivo, sobre os casos de sífilis congênita no Brasil e suas regiões, com dados obtidos do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN), entre 2017 e 2021. As variáveis de interesse foram: faixa etária do recém-nascido, sexo, etnia, região, escolaridade e faixa etária materna, realização do pré-natal, sífilis materna, tratamento do parceiro e evolução dos casos. Verificou-se que no período de 2017 a 2021 foram registrados 109.737 casos de sífilis congênita. Durante esse período, o ano de 2018 foi responsável pela maioria dos números dos casos, sendo prosseguido por uma queda até o ano de 2021. Os resultados deste estudo destacam uma elevada taxa de ocorrência de sífilis congênita no país. No entanto, é crucial ressaltar as limitações dos dados apresentados, devido à subnotificação significativa de casos. Portanto, é fundamental estruturar e implementar ações para controlar essa doença e melhorar sua notificação. A sífilis congênita é uma condição evitável, mas suas consequências são numerosas, especialmente para o feto. &nbsp

NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics

Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal-central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation-related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data

Brazilian Flora 2020: Leveraging the power of a collaborative scientific network

International audienceThe shortage of reliable primary taxonomic data limits the description of biological taxa and the understanding of biodiversity patterns and processes, complicating biogeographical, ecological, and evolutionary studies. This deficit creates a significant taxonomic impediment to biodiversity research and conservation planning. The taxonomic impediment and the biodiversity crisis are widely recognized, highlighting the urgent need for reliable taxonomic data. Over the past decade, numerous countries worldwide have devoted considerable effort to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC), which called for the preparation of a working list of all known plant species by 2010 and an online world Flora by 2020. Brazil is a megadiverse country, home to more of the world's known plant species than any other country. Despite that, Flora Brasiliensis, concluded in 1906, was the last comprehensive treatment of the Brazilian flora. The lack of accurate estimates of the number of species of algae, fungi, and plants occurring in Brazil contributes to the prevailing taxonomic impediment and delays progress towards the GSPC targets. Over the past 12 years, a legion of taxonomists motivated to meet Target 1 of the GSPC, worked together to gather and integrate knowledge on the algal, plant, and fungal diversity of Brazil. Overall, a team of about 980 taxonomists joined efforts in a highly collaborative project that used cybertaxonomy to prepare an updated Flora of Brazil, showing the power of scientific collaboration to reach ambitious goals. This paper presents an overview of the Brazilian Flora 2020 and provides taxonomic and spatial updates on the algae, fungi, and plants found in one of the world's most biodiverse countries. We further identify collection gaps and summarize future goals that extend beyond 2020. Our results show that Brazil is home to 46,975 native species of algae, fungi, and plants, of which 19,669 are endemic to the country. The data compiled to date suggests that the Atlantic Rainforest might be the most diverse Brazilian domain for all plant groups except gymnosperms, which are most diverse in the Amazon. However, scientific knowledge of Brazilian diversity is still unequally distributed, with the Atlantic Rainforest and the Cerrado being the most intensively sampled and studied biomes in the country. In times of “scientific reductionism”, with botanical and mycological sciences suffering pervasive depreciation in recent decades, the first online Flora of Brazil 2020 significantly enhanced the quality and quantity of taxonomic data available for algae, fungi, and plants from Brazil. This project also made all the information freely available online, providing a firm foundation for future research and for the management, conservation, and sustainable use of the Brazilian funga and flora