Native fruit species of economic potential from the Brazilian Amazon.

Cupuaçu. Murici. Bacuri. Araçá-boi. Taperebá. Genipapo. Camu-camu

Correlation of cGAS, STING, INF-α and INF-β gene expression with Zika virus kinetics in primary culture of microglia and neurons from BALB/c mice

Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Laboratório de Biologia Molecular. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Laboratório de Biologia Molecular. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Laboratório de Biologia Molecular. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Laboratório de Microscopia Eletrônica. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Laboratório de Biologia Molecular. Ananindeua, PA, BrasilPattern recognition receptors participate in the innate immune response. Among PRRs, the cGAS/STING pathway is known to detect cytosolic DNA and cyclic dinucleotides, but it’s also important in RNA virus infection. We aimed to evaluate the gene expression of some important genes of cGAS/STING pathway and to correlate this expression with Zika virus kinetics in mice microglia and neurons. Cells were infected by MOI = 1.0. Indirect immunofluorescence, plaque titration of supernatant, extraction, and quantification of total intracellular RNA, RT-qPCR and Western blotting were performed. Plaque titration profile in microglia and neurons was similar, including higher titers of plaque forming units at 24, 48, 72 and 96 hpi, respectively. ZIKV kinetics evaluated by RT-qPCR was similar in both cells, with highest viral titers at 48, 72, 24 and 96 hpi, respectively. Expression profile of cGAS, STING, INF-α and INF-β was quite different between the cells, including gene suppression, as observed for cGAS in neurons. Our results showed a differentiated expression profile of cGAS/STING pathway genes in mice microglia and neurons, which can be explained by the different mechanisms that ZIKV uses to bypass the immune response of these cells. Furthermore, each cell type responds differently to combat the viral infection

Síntese e Caracterização de Biodiesel de Sebo Bovino e de sua Mistura B10

Biodiesel has become an alternative to mineral diesel; it already has been in 7% biodiesel to diesel. The intention of the Brazilian government to increase the biodiesel content in the mixture to 10% which will promote an increase in demand for raw materials for the production of biodiesel. Among them is the beef tallow which is presented as one of the cheapest raw materials among the available ones. Associated with this increase in production has been the need to improve the processes of synthesis and analyze their properties as oxidative stability (OS) in mixtures with mineral diesel. Based on this, this study aimed to analyze the physicochemical properties and oxidative stability tallow biodiesel B10 and its beef mixture. In the present work, beef tallow biodiesel was synthesized through methylic rout and was mixture to mineral diesel type B (10 wt %) without anything additives. Physic-chemical properties of biodiesel samples and that mixture were determinate, indicating that both samples are agreement with Brazilian Specifications, and the mixture has showed around 10% less sulfur than diesel. Furthermore, oxidative stability of beef tallow biodiesel is higher than at stipulated in norm. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17807/orbital.v7i1.68

Landsat sub-pixel land cover dynamics in the Brazilian Amazon

The Brazilian Amazon land cover changes rapidly due to anthropogenic and climate drivers. Deforestation and forest disturbances associated with logging and fires, combined with extreme droughts, warmer air, and surface temperatures, have led to high tree mortality and harmful net carbon emissions in this region. Regional attempts to characterize land cover dynamics in this region focused on one or two anthropogenic drivers (i.e., deforestation and forest degradation). Land cover studies have also used a limited temporal scale (i.e., 10–15 years), focusing mainly on global and country-scale forest change. In this study, we propose a novel approach to characterize and measure land cover dynamics in the Amazon biome. First, we defined 10 fundamental land cover classes: forest, flooded forest, shrubland, natural grassland, pastureland, cropland, outcrop, bare and impervious, wetland, and water. Second, we mapped the land cover based on the compositional abundance of Landsat sub-pixel information that makes up these land cover classes: green vegetation (GV), non-photosynthetic vegetation, soil, and shade. Third, we processed all Landsat scenes with <50% cloud cover. Then, we applied a step-wise random forest machine learning algorithm and empirical decision rules to classify intra-annual and annual land cover classes between 1985 and 2022. Finally, we estimated the yearly land cover changes in forested and non-forested ecosystems and characterized the major change drivers. In 2022, forest covered 78.6% (331.9 Mha) of the Amazon biome, with 1.4% of secondary regrowth in more than 5 years. Total herbaceous covered 15.6% of the area, with the majority of pastureland (13.5%) and the remaining natural grassland. Water was the third largest land cover class with 2.4%, followed by cropland (1.2%) and shrubland (0.4%), with 89% overall accuracy. Most of the forest changes were driven by pasture and cropland conversion, and there are signs that climate change is the primary driver of the loss of aquatic ecosystems. Existing carbon emission models disregard the types of land cover changes presented in the studies. The twenty first century requires a more encompassing and integrated approach to monitoring anthropogenic and climate changes in the Amazon biome for better mitigation, adaptation, and conservation policies

Construction of a biocompatible and antioxidant multilayer coating by layer-by-layer assembly of -carrageenan and quercetin nanoparticles

The present work aimed at the construction and characterization of a multilayer coating based on -carrageenan and quercetin-loaded lecithin/chitosan nanoparticles (Np) by the layer-by-layer technique and the evaluation of its antioxidant capacity and potential cytotoxicity in vitro. The multilayered coating was successfully self-assembled, as confirmed by UV-Vis spectroscopy, contact angle, atomic force microscopy (AFM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Multilayered coatings showed to have antioxidant capacity, with a DPPH radical scavenging activity of 31.32±3.13% and a result of the FRAP assay of 799.41±95.39 M of ferrous ion (Fe2+) equivalent. These coatings were also shown to be devoid of cell toxicity, as evaluated by determination of nitric oxide production and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) test. The alveolar macrophages culture was tested in the presence of the -carrageenan/quercetin-Np multilayer coating and showed a cell viability of 91.3±9.6%. These results suggest that this multilayered coating is adequate for surfaces modification in view of biomedical and food industry applications.This work was supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) under the scope of the strategic funding of UID/BIO/04469/2013 unit, and COMPETE 2020 (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-006684) and BioTecNorte operation (NORTE01-0145-FEDER-000004) funded by the European Regional Development Fund under the scope of Norte2020 - Programa Operacional Regional do Norte. The authors would also like to thank the Brazilian Government for support given by the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq). Carneiro-daCunha, M.G. expresses her gratitude to the CNPq for research grant.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Utilização da evapotranspiração diária para determinação de estresse hídrico em Cenchrus ciliaris sob solos com diferentes texturas.

Resumo: O presente trabalho objetivou verificar se a metodologia com a utilização de lâminas de irrigação com base na evapotranspiração diária para aplicação de estresse hídrico em genótipos de Cenchrus ciliaris consegue determinar até qual nível de estresse essa espécie suporta, em dois tipos de solos do semiárido, um de textura arenosa e outro de textura média. O experimento consistiu em um fatorial triplo 3x4x3, com três genótipos de gramíneas (Biloela, Gayndah e WA), quatro lâminas de irrigação (30%, 60%, 90% e 120% da evapotranspiração de referência ? ET0) e três ciclos de cortes, em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com quatro repetições, totalizando 48 vasos como unidades experimentais para cada textura de solo. A metodologia de determinação de estresse hídrico com utilização de lâminas contrastantes com base na evapotranspiração de referência (ET0) em C. ciliaris é eficiente para discriminar o desempenho dos genótipos sob condições de déficit hídrico. A avaliação de estresse hídrico em solo de textura média apresenta melhor previsibilidade de comportamento em relação ao de textura arenosa. Os genótipos de C. ciliaris se adaptam melhor em solos com textura média em relação aos de textura arenosa. O genótipo Biloela apresenta superioridade de desempenho produtivo em todas as condições de estresse hídrico. Abstract: The present research aims to verify the methodology with the use of irrigation depths based on the daily evapotranspiration for the application of water stress in genotypes of Cenchrus ciliaris until being able to determine the level of stress of this support, in two types of semiarid soils, one with a sandy texture and the other with a medium texture. The trial consisted of a 3x4x3 triple factorial, with three grass genotypes (Biloela, Gayndah and WA), four irrigation depths (30%, 60%, 90% and 120% of the reference evapotranspiration - ET0) and three cutting cycles, in a completely randomized design with four replications, totaling 48 pots as experimental units for each soil texture. The methodology for determining water stress using contrasting slides based on the reference evapotranspiration (ET0) in C. ciliaris is efficient to discriminate the performance of genotypes under water deficit conditions. The estimate of water stress in soil of medium texture presents better predictability of behavior in relation to the one with sandy texture. The genotypes of C. ciliaris adapt better in soils with medium texture in relation to those with sandy texture. The Biloela genotype shows superiority in productive performance under all water stress conditions.ODS 2, ODS 3, ODS 6, ODS 8, ODS 9, ODS 11, ODS 12, ODS 13, ODS 15, ODS 16, ODS 17