Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil: setting the baseline knowledge on the animal diversity in Brazil

The limited temporal completeness and taxonomic accuracy of species lists, made available in a traditional manner in scientific publications, has always represented a problem. These lists are invariably limited to a few taxonomic groups and do not represent up-to-date knowledge of all species and classifications. In this context, the Brazilian megadiverse fauna is no exception, and the Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil (CTFB) (http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/), made public in 2015, represents a database on biodiversity anchored on a list of valid and expertly recognized scientific names of animals in Brazil. The CTFB is updated in near real time by a team of more than 800 specialists. By January 1, 2024, the CTFB compiled 133,691 nominal species, with 125,138 that were considered valid. Most of the valid species were arthropods (82.3%, with more than 102,000 species) and chordates (7.69%, with over 11,000 species). These taxa were followed by a cluster composed of Mollusca (3,567 species), Platyhelminthes (2,292 species), Annelida (1,833 species), and Nematoda (1,447 species). All remaining groups had less than 1,000 species reported in Brazil, with Cnidaria (831 species), Porifera (628 species), Rotifera (606 species), and Bryozoa (520 species) representing those with more than 500 species. Analysis of the CTFB database can facilitate and direct efforts towards the discovery of new species in Brazil, but it is also fundamental in providing the best available list of valid nominal species to users, including those in science, health, conservation efforts, and any initiative involving animals. The importance of the CTFB is evidenced by the elevated number of citations in the scientific literature in diverse areas of biology, law, anthropology, education, forensic science, and veterinary science, among others

Produtive performance of Nile tilapia in cages in a rural dam, Vale do Ribeira, SP, Brazil

This study aimed to evaluate the adequate fish stocking density for intensive rearing in fresh water cage system at Vale do Ribeira region. Present study was conducted in Pariquera-Açu municipalities, in the Pisciculture sector of Polo Regional do Vale do Ribeira of APTA (SAA, SP) from november of 2012 to april of 2013. Eighteen cages of 4 m3, arranged in three lines, with 50 m, in a rural reservoir of 2.7 hectares were installed. A production cycle was done using 10,800 Nile tilapia juveniles, Oreochromis niloticus, with initial average weight of 25 ± 3.0 g divided in three stocking densities of 100, 150 and 200 fish/m3, with six replication of each stocking density. Fish performance in each cage was evaluated, in each 30th days, by the achievement of daily weight gain, final weight gain, apparent food conversion, survival and final average biomass (4 m3). For water quality determination of the rural reservoir, it was marked five points of sampling: water supply, rearing area divided in three points at 10 cm depth and effluent. Related to final length, final weight, final weight gain and survival there was significant difference (P<0.05) between the smallest and the highest stocking density. However, in relation to feed conversion the highest density (200 fish/m3) had the better result. Water quality parameters were adequate to tropical fish rearing patterns and to CONAMA 357/05 resolution. Performance data of this research show the viability of cage system with density 150 fish/m3 in Vale do Ribeira region.This study aimed to evaluate the adequate fish stocking density for intensive rearing in fresh water cage system at Vale do Ribeira region. Present study was conducted in Pariquera-Açu municipalities, in the Pisciculture sector of Polo Regional do Vale do Ribeira of APTA (SAA, SP) from november of 2012 to april of 2013. Eighteen cages of 4 m3, arranged in three lines, with 50 m, in a rural reservoir of 2.7 hectares were installed. A production cycle was done using 10,800 Nile tilapia juveniles, Oreochromis niloticus, with initial average weight of 25 ± 3.0 g divided in three stocking densities of 100, 150 and 200 fish/m3, with six replication of each stocking density. Fish performance in each cage was evaluated, in each 30th days, by the achievement of daily weight gain, final weight gain, apparent food conversion, survival and final average biomass (4 m3). For water quality determination of the rural reservoir, it was marked five points of sampling: water supply, rearing area divided in three points at 10 cm depth and effluent. Related to final length, final weight, final weight gain and survival there was significant difference (P<0.05) between the smallest and the highest stocking density. However, in relation to feed conversion the highest density (200 fish/m3) had the better result. Water quality parameters were adequate to tropical fish rearing patterns and to CONAMA 357/05 resolution. Performance data of this research show the viability of cage system with density 150 fish/m3 in Vale do Ribeira region

Ecotoxicological Effects Of Carbofuran And Oxidised Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes On The Freshwater Fish Nile Tilapia: Nanotubes Enhance Pesticide Ecotoxicity.

The interactions of carbon nanotubes with pesticides, such as carbofuran, classical contaminants (e.g., pesticides, polyaromatic hydrocarbons, heavy metals, and dyes) and emerging contaminants, including endocrine disruptors, are critical components of the environmental risks of this important class of carbon-based nanomaterials. In this work, we studied the modulation of acute carbofuran toxicity to the freshwater fish Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) by nitric acid treated multiwalled carbon nanotubes, termed HNO3-MWCNT. Nitric acid oxidation is a common chemical method employed for the purification, functionalisation and aqueous dispersion of carbon nanotubes. HNO3-MWCNT were not toxic to Nile tilapia at concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 3.0 mg/L for exposure times of up to 96 h. After 24, 48, 72 and 96 h, the LC50 values of carbofuran were 4.0, 3.2, 3.0 and 2.4 mg/mL, respectively. To evaluate the influence of carbofuran-nanotube interactions on ecotoxicity, we exposed the Nile tilapia to different concentrations of carbofuran mixed together with a non-toxic concentration of HNO3-MWCNT (1.0 mg/L). After 24, 48, 72, and 96 h of exposure, the LC50 values of carbofuran plus nanotubes were 3.7, 1.6, 0.7 and 0.5 mg/L, respectively. These results demonstrate that HNO3-MWCNT potentiate the acute toxicity of carbofuran, leading to a more than five-fold increase in the LC50 values. Furthermore, the exposure of Nile tilapia to carbofuran plus nanotubes led to decreases in both oxygen consumption and swimming capacity compared to the control. These findings indicate that carbon nanotubes could act as pesticide carriers affecting fish survival, metabolism and behaviour.111131-