Functional evaluation of various modalities of management in floating knee injuries at a tertiary care centre in central India

Background: The injuries involving femur and tibia fractures due to high velocity are known as floating knee injuries. These fractures may involve the shaft, metaphysis or the articular surface. There are many complications associated with these injuries. This study evaluates the functional, clinical and radiological outcomes of floating knee injuries. Methods: A Prospective and interventional study was performed at MGMMC and MYH Hospital, Indore. We included 30 patients in our study. Femur fractures are managed by intramedullary nailing or distal femur plating. Tibia fractures are managed by Intramedullary nailing or tibia plating. Patient were called for regular follow up for a minimum of 6 months. Functional and clinical evaluation done by Karlstorm and olerud scoring system and radiological outcome by union on x rays were done. Results: Out of 30 patients 28 (93.33%) male and 2 (6.66%) female. According to Fraser classification, 17 (56.66%) type 1, 4 (13.33%) type 2A, 4 (13.33%) type2B, 5 (16.66%) type 2C injuries. A majority of the injuries occurred due to road traffic accidents involving right limb 21 (70%) more then left 9 (30%). Knee stiffness occurred in 8, infection in femur 3, infection in tibia 2, malunion of femur 2, limb length discrepancy in 2 patients. Outcome was excellent in 5 (16.66%), Good in 10 (33.33%), Acceptable in 9 (30%) and poor in 6 (20%). Conclusions: Fraser type 1 fracture has excellent results and Fraser type 2C has poor results. Closed fracture has better outcome compared to compound Fractures. A better functional outcome can be determined on the basis of implant choice based on Fraser Classification, level of injury, open or closed injury, simple or compound type of fracture

Sarcomatoid Carcinoma of the Oral Cavity: A Diagnostic Dilemma

Sarcomatoid carcinoma (SC) is a rare variant of squamous cell carcinoma which is characterized by a dysplastic epithelial component and a stromal element with invasive fusiform or spindle-shaped cells. The clinical and histopathologic characteristics make it very difficult to distinguish SC from epithelioid sarcoma (ES). We present a case of a 51-year-old man with a soft tissue mass in the oral cavity diagnosed as proximal variant of epithelioid sarcoma on incisional biopsy. A thorough radiologic examination was conducted to rule out the possibility of a primary elsewhere in the body. Supraomohyoid neck dissection, mandibular resection, and reconstruction with recon plates were carried out. Histopathologic examination was suggestive of epithelioid variant of SC which was contrary to the incisional biopsy report. The dilemma in diagnosis was resolved by observing the presence of invading atypical epithelial cells into the stroma confirming the epithelial origin of the tumor

Tailoring of the chlorine sensing properties of substituted metal phthalocyanines non-covalently anchored on single-walled carbon nanotubes

To investigate how central metal tunes the synergetic interactions between substituted metallo-phthalocyanine and single-walled carbon nanotubes in enhancing the gas sensing properties, a comparative study has been performed by varying the central metal ion in fluorinated metal phthalocyanines and single-walled carbon nanotube hybrid. Hybrids of metal(ii)-1,2,3,4,8,9,10,11,15,16,17,18-24,25-hexa-decafluoro-29H,31H-phthalocyanine/single-walled carbon nanotube (F16MPc/SWCNTs-COOH, where M = Co, Zn) have been synthesized through - stacking interactions using the solution route. Spectroscopic (FT-IR, UV-vis, XPS and Raman), electron microscopic (TEM and FE-SEM) and TGA investigations have confirmed the successful functionalization and interaction of SWCNTs-COOH with F16MPc. Parts per billion (ppb) level Cl-2-selective chemiresistive gas sensors have been fabricated on glass substrates with precoated gold electrodes by using these hybrids. The responses of various F16MPc/SWCNTs-COOH sensors have demonstrated the central metal ion-dependence in the sensitivity of Cl-2

Tb3+ and Eu3+ Doped Zinc Phosphate Glasses for Solid State Lighting Applications

To investigate how central metal tunes the synergetic interactions between substituted metallo-phthalocyanine and single-walled carbon nanotubes in enhancing the gas sensing properties, a comparative study has been performed by varying the central metal ion in fluorinated metal phthalocyanines and single-walled carbon nanotube hybrid. Hybrids of metal(ii)-1,2,3,4,8,9,10,11,15,16,17,18-24,25-hexa-decafluoro-29H,31H-phthalocyanine/single-walled carbon nanotube (F16MPc/SWCNTs-COOH, where M = Co, Zn) have been synthesized through - stacking interactions using the solution route. Spectroscopic (FT-IR, UV-vis, XPS and Raman), electron microscopic (TEM and FE-SEM) and TGA investigations have confirmed the successful functionalization and interaction of SWCNTs-COOH with F16MPc. Parts per billion (ppb) level Cl-2-selective chemiresistive gas sensors have been fabricated on glass substrates with precoated gold electrodes by using these hybrids. The responses of various F16MPc/SWCNTs-COOH sensors have demonstrated the central metal ion-dependence in the sensitivity of Cl-2

CNTs based improved chlorine sensor from non-covalently anchored multi-walled carbon nanotubes with hexa-decafluorinated cobalt phthalocyanines

To study the effect of synergetic interactions between metal-phthalocyanine and carbon nanotubes for gas sensing characteristics of carbon nanotubes, we synthesized a hybrid of cobalt(II)-1,2,3,4,8,9,10,11,15,16,17,18,22,23,24,25-hexa-decafluoro-29H,31H-phthalocyanine/multi-walled carbon nanotubes (F16CoPc/MWCNTsCOOH). The as-prepared hybrid was characterized through spectroscopic (FT-IR, UV-vis and Raman), electron microscopic (TEM and FE-SEM) and TGA investigations that confirmed the successful non-covalent anchoring of F16CoPc onto MWCNTsCOOH through pi-pi stacking interactions. Further, a highly reversible, reproducible, sensitive and Cl-2 selective chemiresistive sensor was fabricated using F16CoPc/MWCNTsCOOH hybrid, which exhibited a sensitivity of similar to 63% for 2 ppm of Cl-2 and a limit of detection as low as 0.05 ppb. A plausible gas sensing mechanism for improved gas sensing characteristics of F16CoPc/MWCNTsCOOH sensor towards Cl-2 was explained using Raman, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) studies. Herein, cobalt metal ion is found to play an important role in enhancing gas sensing characteristics of the fabricated sensor

Non-covalently anchored multi-walled carbon nanotubes with hexa-decafluorinated zinc phthalocyanine as ppb level chemiresistive chlorine sensor

A cost effective solution assembly method has been explored for preparing zinc(II) 1,2,3,4,8,9,10,11,15,16,17,18,22,23,24,25-hexa-decafluoro-29H, 31H-phthalocyanine/multi-walled carbon nanotubes (F16ZnPc/MWCNTs-COOH) hybrid. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Raman spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) investigations confirm the non-covalent anchoring of F16ZnPc onto MWCNTs-COOH through Pi-Pi stacking interactions. Further, a highly sensitive and selective chemiresistive Cl-2 sensor has been fabricated using F16ZnPc/MWCNTs-COOH hybrid. The response of sensor is found to be 21.28% for 2 ppm of Cl-2 with a response time of 14 s and theoretical detection limit of the sensor is found down to 0.06 ppb. The improved Cl-2 sensing characteristics of hybrid are found to be originated from the synergetic interaction between F16ZnPc and MWCNTs-COOH. The underlying mechanism for improved gas sensing performance of F16ZnPc/MWCNTs-COOH sensor towards Cl-2 has been explained using Raman, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) studies

Homogeneity in the association of body mass index with type 2 diabetes across the UK Biobank : A Mendelian randomization study

Background: Lifestyle interventions to reduce body mass index (BMI) are critical public health strategies for type 2 diabetes prevention. While weight loss interventions have shown demonstrable benefit for high-risk and prediabetic individuals, we aimed to determine whether the same benefits apply to those at lower risk. Methods and findings: We performed a multi-stratum Mendelian randomization study of the effect size of BMI on diabetes odds in 287,394 unrelated individuals of self-reported white British ancestry in the UK Biobank, who were recruited from across the United Kingdom from 2006 to 2010 when they were between the ages of 40 and 69 years. Individuals were stratified on the following diabetes risk factors: BMI, diabetes family history, and genome-wide diabetes polygenic risk score. The main outcome measure was the odds ratio of diabetes per 1-kg/m(2) BMI reduction, in the full cohort and in each stratum. Diabetes prevalence increased sharply with BMI, family history of diabetes, and genetic risk. Conversely, predicted risk reduction from weight loss was strikingly similar across BMI and genetic risk categories. Weight loss was predicted to substantially reduce diabetes odds even among lower-risk individuals: for instance, a 1-kg/m(2) BMI reduction was associated with a 1.37-fold reduction (95% CI 1.12-1.68) in diabetes odds among non-overweight individuals (BMI < 25 kg/m(2)) without a family history of diabetes, similar to that in obese individuals (BMI >= 30 kg/m(2)) with a family history (1.21-fold reduction, 95% CI 1.13-1.29). A key limitation of this analysis is that the BMI-altering DNA sequence polymorphisms it studies represent cumulative predisposition over an individual's entire lifetime, and may consequently incorrectly estimate the risk modification potential of weight loss interventions later in life. Conclusions In a population-scale cohort, lower BMI was consistently associated with reduced diabetes risk across BMI, family history, and genetic risk categories, suggesting all individuals can substantially reduce their diabetes risk through weight loss. Our results support the broad deployment of weight loss interventions to individuals at all levels of diabetes risk.

Map Making in Social Indoor Environment Through Robot Navigation Using Active SLAM

Robotics has come a long way from industrial robotic arms and is all set to enter our homes. The capability of a robot to navigate in an unknown human populated environment with obstacles and making map simultaneously is one of the significant characteristics in the domain of autonomous robotics. Further, the problem of robot navigating in a social environment while ensuring human safety and comfort through social norms needs to be addressed. This article presents a solution for mapping of unknown terrains with dynamic obstacles using simultaneous localization in social environments through Adaptive Squashing Function based artificial neural network training, which is able to track the target orientation angles more efficiently as compared to conventional fixed slope squashing function based backpropagation training algorithm. The performance of different state of the art techniques have been compared with proposed work through simulation models. Simulation results demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm in complex environment where the proposed algorithm converged in less than 50% of the iterations taken by the exhaustive search algorithms and approximately 33% of the iterations taken by random search algorithm. Further, the proposed approach was tested in the real-world settings, wherein the robot was deployed to create map for the Kalpana Chawla Center for Research in Space Science and Technology, Chandigarh University with mobile humans