Predictors of Practice of breast self-examination among women in District Ambala (Haryana)

Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women and its early detection is critical to improve survival. Breast self-examination is a cheap, basic and non-intellectual method to detect breast cancer. Aims and objectives: 1To determine the knowledge, attitude and practices regarding breast self-examination2. To explain the various factors which affect the practice of BSE Material and Methods: The present study was carried out among 300 women residing in rural and urban areas of district Ambala using a self-designed pretested semi-structured questionnaire. Results: In this study 127 (42.3%) of the participants had heard of BSE and 107 (35.7%) of the participants knew how to perform BSE.  Overall, 47.7%, 30.3%, and 22% of the study participants had poor (<50%), medium (50–75%), and good knowledge (>75) on BSE, respectively. Educational qualification, knowing the three positions to perform BSE, knowing how often should BSE be done, taught how to do BSE, BSE is a useful tool to detect breast cancer were seen to be significantly associated   with practice of BSE. Conclusion: This study elucidates that the knowledge as well as practice of BSE was significantly low in the population. This study provides insights into the various factors which affect the practice of BSE

MtSNPscore: a combined evidence approach for assessing cumulative impact of mitochondrial variations in disease

Human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variations have been implicated in a broad spectrum of diseases. With over 3000 mtDNA variations reported across databases, establishing pathogenicity of variations in mtDNA is a major challenge. We have designed and developed a comprehensive weighted scoring system (MtSNPscore) for identification of mtDNA variations that can impact pathogenicity and would likely be associated with disease. The criteria for pathogenicity include information available in the literature, predictions made by various in silico tools and frequency of variation in normal and patient datasets. The scoring scheme also assigns scores to patients and normal individuals to estimate the cumulative impact of variations. The method has been implemented in an automated pipeline and has been tested on Indian ataxia dataset (92 individuals), sequenced in this study, and other publicly available mtSNP dataset comprising of 576 mitochondrial genomes of Japanese individuals from six different groups, namely, patients with Parkinson's disease, patients with Alzheimer's disease, young obese males, young non-obese males, and type-2 diabetes patients with or without severe vascular involvement. MtSNPscore, for analysis can extract information from variation data or from mitochondrial DNA sequences. It has a web-interface http://bioinformatics.ccmb.res.in/cgi-bin/snpscore/Mtsnpscore.pl webcite that provides flexibility to update/modify the parameters for estimating pathogenicity

Structural Annotation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Proteome

Of the ∼4000 ORFs identified through the genome sequence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB) H37Rv, experimentally determined structures are available for 312. Since knowledge of protein structures is essential to obtain a high-resolution understanding of the underlying biology, we seek to obtain a structural annotation for the genome, using computational methods. Structural models were obtained and validated for ∼2877 ORFs, covering ∼70% of the genome. Functional annotation of each protein was based on fold-based functional assignments and a novel binding site based ligand association. New algorithms for binding site detection and genome scale binding site comparison at the structural level, recently reported from the laboratory, were utilized. Besides these, the annotation covers detection of various sequence and sub-structural motifs and quaternary structure predictions based on the corresponding templates. The study provides an opportunity to obtain a global perspective of the fold distribution in the genome. The annotation indicates that cellular metabolism can be achieved with only 219 folds. New insights about the folds that predominate in the genome, as well as the fold-combinations that make up multi-domain proteins are also obtained. 1728 binding pockets have been associated with ligands through binding site identification and sub-structure similarity analyses. The resource (http://proline.physics.iisc.ernet.in/Tbstructuralannotation), being one of the first to be based on structure-derived functional annotations at a genome scale, is expected to be useful for better understanding of TB and for application in drug discovery. The reported annotation pipeline is fairly generic and can be applied to other genomes as well

Inverse Discrete Cosine Transform by Bit Parallel Implementation and Power Comparision

The goal of this project was to implement and compare Invere Discrete Cosine Transform using three methods i.e. by bit parallel, digit serial and bit serial. This application describes a one dimensional Discrete Cosine Transform by bit prallel method and has been implemented by 0.35 ìm technology. When implementing a design, there are several considerations like word length etc. were taken into account. The code was implemented using WHDL and some of the calculations were done in MATLAB. The VHDL code was the synthesized using Design Analyzer of Synopsis; power was calculated and the results were compared

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Not AvailableEducation Division undertakes planning, development, coordination and quality assurance of higher agricultural education in the country, and thus, strives for maintaining and upgrading quality and its relevance. E-Learning plays a key role in delivering the quality education in scalable and flexible manner. It is a learning system based on formalized teaching with the help of electronic resources. It is one of the most engaging ways to study today. Since the learning is conducted online, students can study at their own pace and sometimes in their own time. It allows the teachers to reach out to a larger audience of students as compared to the traditional classroom where the number of students is restricted. Thus, a large number of learners have access to learning. Several UG level e-Courseware contents were developed in seven disciplines (viz. Agricultural Science;Fisheries Science; Dairy Science; Veterinary & Animal Husbandry; Horticulture; Home Science andAgricultural Engineering). These were developed through partnerships and efforts of the components of the ICAR-Agricultural Universities (AUs) System comprising State Agricultural Universities (SAUs), deemed to be universities (DUs), Central Agricultural University (CAU) and Central Universities (CUs) with Agriculture Faculty at SAUs and other organizations under “National agricultural innovation Project”. E-Learning portal under NAHEP, Indian Council of Agricultural Research provides 24x7 services for online access to all the teachers, students and learners in the field of agricultural education. The courses then created under NAIP will be upgraded as per Fifth Dean Committee report and some new UG courses will be created under the light of NAHEP project funded by the World Bank.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableE-Learning is a learning system based on formalized teaching with the help of electronic resources. It is provided through electronic devices such as computers, tablets and even cellular phones that are connected to the internet. This makes it easy for users to learn anytime, anywhere with few, if any, restrictions. New technologies are changing the way learning is delivered and it has been found that visuals, apart from holding the attention of the student, are also retained by the brain for longer periods. E-Learning also enables educators to get a higher degree of coverage to communicate the message in a consistent way for their students. A learning management system (LMS) is a software application that is used to deliver eLearning. Instead of having the e-Learning content spread out over different hard drives and devices, LMS allows to store all of the eLearning materials in one location. Delivering the course through an LMS keeps the content centralized so that all the students have a single source of content, instructions and questions. Technology is the foundation, backbone, and catalyst of LMS. Technology provides endless opportunities for learning through apps, smartphones, videos, search engines, and other real-time information sources. This has grown into a medium with immense possibilities comprising of a world of skill improvement, enhancement of learning and understanding, and changing attitudes and behaviors in a period of time.Not Availabl

Evaluation of heavy metal contamination using environmetrics and indexing approach for River Yamuna, Delhi stretch, India

The objective of the present study is to investigate the current status of heavy metal pollution in River Yamuna, Delhi stretch. The concentrations of Nickel, Cadmium, Chromium, Copper, Iron, Lead, and Zinc in water samples have been studied during December 2013–August 2015. The overall mean concentration of heavy metals was observed in the following order Fe > Cu > Zn > Ni > Cr > Pb > Cd. Correlation analysis formed two distinct groups of heavy metals highlighting similar sources. This was further corroborated by results from principal components analysis that showed similar grouping of heavy metals (Ni, Zn, Fe, Pb, Cd) into PC1 having one common source for these heavy metals and PC2 (Cu, Cr) having another common source. Further, our study pointed out two sites i.e. Najafgarh drain and Shahdara drain outlet in river Yamuna as the two potential sources responsible for the heavy metal contamination. Based on heavy metal pollution index value (1491.15), we concluded that our study area as a whole is critically polluted with heavy metals under study due to pollutant load from various anthropogenic activities