Bright-field <i>in situ</i> hybridization detects gene alterations and viral infections useful for personalized management of cancer patients

<p><b>Introduction</b>: Bright-field <i>in situ</i> hybridization (ISH) methods detect gene alterations that may improve diagnostic precision and personalized management of cancer patients.</p> <p><b>Areas covered</b>: This review focuses on some bright-field ISH techniques for detection of gene amplification or viral infection that have already been introduced in tumor pathology, research and diagnostic practice. Other emerging ISH methods, for the detection of translocation, mRNA and microRNA have recently been developed and need both an optimization and analytical validation. The review also deals with their clinical applications and implications on the management of cancer patients.</p> <p><b>Expert commentary</b>: The technology of bright-field ISH applications has advanced significantly in the last decade. For example, an automated dual-color assay was developed as a clinical test for selecting cancer patients that are candidates for personalized therapy. Recently an emerging bright-field gene-protein assay has been developed. This method simultaneously detects the protein, gene and centromeric targets in the context of tissue morphology, and might be useful in assessing the <i>HER2</i> status particularly in equivocal cases or samples with heterogeneous tumors. The application of bright-field ISH methods has become the gold standard for the detection of tumor-associated viral infection as diagnostic or prognostic factors.</p

Additional file 2: of MIF/CD74 axis is a target for novel therapies in colon carcinomatosis

Figure 1. Phase contrast microscope images of C1 and C2 organoids. Figure 2. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis of C2 secretome. Figure 3. Western blot analysis of C2 organoids after 4-IPP treatments. (PDF 282 kb

MOESM3 of GNAS mutations as prognostic biomarker in patients with relapsed peritoneal pseudomyxoma receiving metronomic capecitabine and bevacizumab: a clinical and translational study

Additional file 3: Figure S2. Comparison of Kaplan-Meier curves for progression-free survival according to GNAS mutational status in both the prospective (metronomic capecitabine and bevacizumab) and the retrospective cohort (FOLFOX-4)

MOESM2 of GNAS mutations as prognostic biomarker in patients with relapsed peritoneal pseudomyxoma receiving metronomic capecitabine and bevacizumab: a clinical and translational study

Additional file 2: Figure S1. Comparison of Kaplan-Meier curves for progression-free survival according to GNAS mutational status in the retrospective cohort (FOLFOX-4)