Prevalence and Severity of Asthma, Rhinitis, and Atopic Eczema in 13- to 14-Year-Old Schoolchildren from Southern Brazil

The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence and severity of asthma, rhinitis, and atopic eczema in schoolchildren from southern Brazil. A cross-sectional study was carried out with the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood phase III written questionnaire. The questionnaire was self-applied by 2,948 randomly selected schoolchildren aged 13 to 14 years. The lifetime prevalence rates of symptoms were as follows: wheezing, 40.8%; rhinitis, 40.7%; eczema, 13.6%; self-reported asthma, 14.6%; rhinitis, 31.4%; eczema, 13.4%. Rhinitis was reported by 55% of adolescents with current asthma (60% females vs 46.9% males). Girls 13 to 14 years of age had higher prevalence rates of asthma, rhinitis, and eczema than boys had. Atopic eczema was reported by 42.7% of girls and 31.4% of boys with asthma. The prevalence rates were statistically significant for symptoms of asthma, rhinitis, and atopic eczema in females. However, there were no statistically significant differences between the sexes in regard to reported asthma and bronchospasm induced by exercise

Perfis verticais dos espectros das velocidades turbulentas em uma torre micrometeorológica de 140 m

Multiresolution spectra of both horizontal and vertical wind components observed at a 140-m micrometeorological tower are analysed. The tower is located at the township of Linhares, ES, Brazil, at 4 km from the coast and nest to a thermal power plant. At nighttime, the spectral maximum is located at the largest temporal scales analyzed, being therefore related to nonturbulent low-frequency processes. During the day, spectral maxima of the horizontal wind components show little variation above 20 m.For the vertical component, on the other hand, the temporal scale of such maxima increases steadily with height.Espectros de multirresolução das componentes horizontais e verticais do vento observados em uma torre micrometeorológica de 140 m, localizada na cidade de Linhares, ES, a 4 km da costa e ao lado de uma usina termoelétrica, são analisados. No período noturno, o máximo de energia está localizado nas maiores escalas temporais analisadas, estando associado a processos não turbulentos de baixa frequência. Durante o dia, as escalas temporais associadas aos máximos espectrais das componentes horizontais do vento variam pouco com a altura acima de 20 m. Para a componente vertical a escala destes máximos é diretamente relacionada com a altura da observação

Prevalence and Severity of Asthma, Rhinitis, and Atopic Eczema in 13- to 14-Year-Old Schoolchildren from Southern Brazil

Abstract The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence and severity of asthma, rhinitis, and atopic eczema in schoolchildren from southern Brazil. A cross-sectional study was carried out with the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood phase III written questionnaire. The questionnaire was self-applied by 2,948 randomly selected schoolchildren aged 13 to 14 years. The lifetime prevalence rates of symptoms were as follows: wheezing, 40.8%; rhinitis, 40.7%; eczema, 13.6%; self-reported asthma, 14.6%; rhinitis, 31.4%; eczema, 13.4%. Rhinitis was reported by 55% of adolescents with current asthma (60% females vs 46.9% males). Girls 13 to 14 years of age had higher prevalence rates of asthma, rhinitis, and eczema than boys had. Atopic eczema was reported by 42.7% of girls and 31.4% of boys with asthma. The prevalence rates were statistically significant for symptoms of asthma, rhinitis, and atopic eczema in females. However, there were no statistically significant differences between the sexes in regard to reported asthma and bronchospasm induced by exercise.</p