Household Purchasing of Cheap Alcohol : Who Would be Most Affected by Minimum Unit Pricing?

The authors would like to acknowledge Dr Diane Skåtun, Dr Ramses Abul Naga and Dr Damilola Olajide for providing econometric advice on the paper. The comments and suggestions from two anonymous referees from the Nordic Journal of Health Economics were very useful to improving the content of this paper. The data used in this study were from the Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health (RINH) Kantar data resource. Core funding from the Chief Scientist Office, Scottish Government Health and Social Care Directorates and the University of Aberdeen is gratefully acknowledged.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

[N,N-Bis(2-pyridylmeth­yl)glycinato-κ4 N,N′,N′′,O]dichloridoiron(III)–[N,N-bis­(2-pyridylmeth­yl)glycine-κ4 N,N′,N′′,O]dichloridozinc(II) (1/1)

The title compound, [Fe(C14H14N3O2)Cl2]·[ZnCl2(C14H15N3O2)], is formulated as [FeIII(bpg)Cl2][ZnIICl2(bpgH)], where bpg is the tetra­dentate ligand N,N-bis­(2-pyridylmeth­yl)glycine. The structure contains one crystallographically distinct complex with FeIII and ZnII atoms present in a 50:50 ratio in a single-atom site. The non-coordinated O atoms of the carboxyl groups of bpg meet across crystallographic inversion centres, forming O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds that include only one H atom per two complexes, consistent with the 1:1 disorder of FeIII and ZnII

Trichlorido[(meth­yl{2-[meth­yl(2-pyridyl­meth­yl)amino]eth­yl}amino)acetonitrile]iron(III) methanol hemisolvate

The title compound, [FeCl3(C12H18N4)]·0.5CH3OH, contains an FeIII ion in a distorted octa­hedral coordination environment. The neutral N,N′,N′′-tridentate ligand adopts a fac coordination mode, and chloride ligands lie trans to each of the three coordinated N atoms. In the crystal, the complexes form columns extending parallel to the approximate local threefold axes of the FeN3Cl3 octa­hedra, and the columns are arranged so that the uncoordinated nitrile groups align in an anti­parallel manner and the pyridyl rings form offset face-to-face arrangements [inter­planar separations = 2.95 (1) and 3.11 (1) Å; centroid–centroid distances = 5.31 (1) and 4.92 (1) Å]. The methanol solvent mol­ecule is disordered about a twofold rotation axis

2-Carbamylpyridinium tetra­chlorido­ferrate(III)

The title compound, (C6H7N2O)[FeCl4], contains two carbamylpyridinium (picolinamidinium) cations, which are linked into chains by N+—H⋯O hydrogen bonds formed between protonated pyridyl N atoms and carbonyl groups. Tetra­chloridoferrate(III) anions lie between these chains, accepting N—H⋯Cl hydrogen bonds from both H atoms of the picolinamidium –NH2 group

Advanced therapy medicinal products: a comprehensive overview for pharmacy professionals

An overview of the clinical, institutional, regulatory, safety and economic considerations of advanced therapy medicinal products

Constructing the intellectually disabled person as a subject of education: a discourse analysis using Q-methodology

The education of intellectually disabled (ID) people is constructed within mass education systems as a problem requiring specialised intervention, separation from “normal” school contexts and the application of professional expertise. A social model of disability resists these practices from a human rights perspective and underpins an inclusive education approach. In this study, a post-structuralist disability studies theoretical framework, drawing particularly on the work of Foucault, was used to examine discourses that construct the intellectually disabled person as a subject of education. The study was conducted in Buffalo City, South Africa at a time when an inclusive education policy is being implemented in the country. The research questions were: What discourses are deployed in the representation and educational practices of those identified as ID? What are the effects of these discourses in constructing the ID subject and associated educational practice? The study utilises Q-methodology, a factor analytic method that yields whole patterns of responses for analysis. A process of sorting selected statements along the dimension of agree to disagree was completed by three groups of participants, namely adults with ID, parents of people with ID and professionals working with ID. Discourses of representation and of educational practice were identified through statistical and interpretive analysis, following the discourse analysis school of Q-methodology. The findings of this study reveal the operation of power in a medico-psychological gaze that makes ID visible and supervises disability expertise within education. Representations of ID suffused with religious notions support the exercise of pastoral power by disability experts. Human rights discourses in education can marginalise ID people if applied uncritically. Fixed notions of impairment constrain an intellectually disabled subject who is vulnerable and incompetent. This study argues instead for a theory of (poss)ability, underpinned by an understanding of the situational and shared nature of competence and a fluid conception of impairment. Human rights should be supplemented by an ethics of care and belonging in the community (ubuntu). A research agenda supporting this effort would examine the ways in which ID people work on themselves as subjects (subjectivisation) and explore the potential for resistance in this process

Effect of Sleep on the Attentiveness of Elementary School Students

Sleep is known to be important in the development of children and their cognitive functioning. This study worked to establish correlation between amount of sleep and attentiveness in schoolaged children. This study surveyed the parents of 10 third graders on their child’s sleep habits. The children were read a story in class and asked to answer questions based on details in the story. The data obtained from this quiz and the parent’s survey responses were then compared to see if there was a relation. The results of this study were inconclusive. When genders were separated, it was found that males slept the most but females got more answers correct on the quiz. However, when the data was organized based on the recommended sleep amount for this age, it was found that children who met the recommendation answered more questions correctly compared to those who did not

What can secondary data tell us about household food insecurity in a high-income country context?

In the absence of routinely collected household food insecurity data, this study investigated what could be determined about the nature and prevalence of household food insecurity in Scotland from secondary data. Secondary analysis of the Living Costs and Food Survey (2007–2012) was conducted to calculate weekly food expenditure and its ratio to equivalised income for households below average income (HBAI) and above average income (non-HBAI). Diet Quality Index (DQI) scores were calculated for this survey and the Scottish Health Survey (SHeS, 2008 and 2012). Secondary data provided a partial picture of food insecurity prevalence in Scotland, and a limited picture of differences in diet quality. In 2012, HBAI spent significantly less in absolute terms per week on food and non-alcoholic drinks (£53.85) compared to non-HBAI (£86.73), but proportionately more of their income (29% and 15% respectively). Poorer households were less likely to achieve recommended fruit and vegetable intakes than were more affluent households. The mean DQI score (SHeS data) of HBAI fell between 2008 and 2012, and was significantly lower than the mean score for non-HBAI in 2012. Secondary data are insufficient to generate the robust and comprehensive picture needed to monitor the incidence and prevalence of food insecurity in Scotland.</p

Communication factors impacting on the ability of a family to adjust to caring for a family member following a catastrophic injury in Western Australia

Objectives: The study identified the issues for families affected by catastrophic injury in the early days post injury with a view to highlighting the need for some key changes to the system in Western Australia. Methods: The research used a community participatory research framework to conduct the study. Overall, twenty-three carers of those with a catastrophic injury were interviewed using semi-structured interviewing technique. Transcripts were analysed using an iterative thematic analysis framework. Results: The lack of preparedness for families in adapting to a family member with a permanent injury was highlighted. Experiences during the early days following the event had a major impact upon the family’s ability to adjust post injury. Conclusion: A structured pathway is needed to allow families, especially those with children, to adjust to life after the event. Families who are not financially compensable are particularly vulnerable with inadequate support in adjusting to life with a family member following a traumatic catastrophic injury. Practice implications: Changes to the system are recommended across a number of core areas to ensure equity of access for all of those with long term catastrophic injur