Efficacy and safety of long-acting recombinant fusion protein linking factor IX with albumin in haemophilia B patients undergoing surgery.

IntroductionRecombinant factor IX fusion protein (rIX‐FP) has been developed to improve the pharmacokinetic (PK) profile of factor IX (FIX), allowing maintenance of desired FIX activity between injections at extended intervals, ultimately optimizing haemophilia B treatment.AimTo determine the efficacy and safety of rIX‐FP in the perioperative setting.MethodsSubjects were adult and paediatric patients with severe to moderately severe haemophilia B (FIX ≤ 2%) participating in three Phase III clinical trials and undergoing a surgical procedure. PK profiles were established prior to surgery for each patient. Haemostatic efficacy was assessed by the investigator for up to 72 h after surgery. Safety measurements during the study included adverse events and inhibitors to FIX. FIX activity was monitored during and after surgery to determine if repeat dosing was required.ResultsTwenty‐one, both major and minor, surgeries were performed in 19 patients. Haemostatic efficacy was rated as excellent (n = 17) or good (n = 4) in all surgeries. A single preoperative dose maintained intraoperative haemostasis in 20 of 21 surgeries. Nine major orthopaedic surgeries were conducted in eight patients with a mean of 7 (range: 6–12) rIX‐FP injections during surgery and the 14‐day postoperative period. Median rIX‐FP consumption for orthopaedic surgeries was 87 IU kg−1 preoperatively and 375 IU kg−1 overall. No subject developed inhibitors to FIX or antibodies to rIX‐FP.ConclusionRecombinant factor IX fusion protein was well tolerated and effectively maintained haemostasis during and after surgery. Stable FIX activity was achieved with a prolonged dosing interval and reduced consumption compared to conventional or currently available long‐acting recombinant FIX

Prothèse totale de genou chez le patient hémophile (étude de 84 cas et évaluation de la perfusion continue de facteurs antihémophiliques. Expérience du Centre Régional du traitement de l'Hémophilie de Lyon de 1992 à 2009)

LYON1-BU Santé (693882101) / SudocSudocFranceF

Perception par la communauté du discours de patients atteints de schizophrénie

International audienceLa cognition sociale joue un rôle critique dans notre capacité à interagir et à communiquer avec les autres (Champagne-Lavau et al., 2006 ; 2009). Pour cette raison, des troubles de cette capacité dans la schizophrénie entraînent souvent une désinsertion sociale marquée et une rupture avec le système éducatif et le monde professionnel. De nombreuses études ont montré des perturbations de la cognition sociale dans la schizophrénie, évaluant dans la majorité des cas l'aspect perception/compréhension plutôt que production (Couture et al., 2006). Pourtant, au niveau de la production, le contenu du discours produit mais aussi la prosodie reflète des informations sur le locuteur. L'objectif de cette étude est de déterminer si la parole et le contenu du discours des individus atteints de schizophrénie contribuent à l'impression sociale négative que les gens ont de la schizophrénie. Il s'agit dans un second temps de déterminer quels sont les critères (prosodie et/ou contenu du discours) susceptibles d'engendrer cette impression. Deux étapes ont été développées pour répondre à cet objectif. Dans une première étape, un groupe de 10 participants atteints de schizophrénie et un groupe de 10 participants contrôles sains appariés en âge, en niveau d'éducation et en genre ont été enregistrés alors qu'ils racontaient une histoire à partir d'une image. Dans une deuxième étape, un groupe de 20 participants sains ignorant la provenance des discours devaient écouter et juger (sur une échelle de 1 à 7) les discours produits par les individus avec schizophrénie et sans schizophrénie selon des critères de forme (impressions concernant le locuteur) et de contenu linguistique. Une analyse acoustique des productions a aussi été réalisée. Les résultats de cette étude montrent une différence de perception entre les deux groupes de narrateurs. Cette différence témoigne d'une impression plus négative à l'égard des narrateurs atteints de schizophrénie et semble d'autant plus marquée que l'évaluation porte sur la narration plutôt que sur l'impression que l'on se fait du locuteur. Cependant, certains aspects de la prosodie semblent pouvoir rendre compte de ces différences de perception

Listeners impressions of speakers with schizophrenia: Impact for social functioning.

International audienceIndividuals with schizophrenia show impairment in everyday verbal communication which may contribute to their social isolation. Social cognition including theory of mind, emotion processing and social perception (Couture et al., 2006) plays a critical role in social interaction, particularly in language communication (Champagne-Lavau et al., 2006; 2009). Impairment of social cognition may result in social dysfunction, at the social, school and professional levels (Fett et al., 2010). Several studies have showed impairments in social cognition in schizophrenia, using perception and comprehension paradigms in most cases. However, to our knowledge, no studies have looked at how speech patterns in schizophrenia contribute to linguistic and social impressions formed about individual with schizophrenia from the perspective of listeners. Thus, the aim of this research was twofold: Firstly, to determine whether speech and discourse content produced by individuals with schizophrenia contribute to the negative social impression experienced by people regarding schizophrenia; secondly to assess what criteria (prosodic and/or discourse content) are likely to generate this negative impression

Listeners impressions of speakers with schizophrenia: Impact for social functioning.

International audienceIndividuals with schizophrenia show impairment in everyday verbal communication which may contribute to their social isolation. Social cognition including theory of mind, emotion processing and social perception (Couture et al., 2006) plays a critical role in social interaction, particularly in language communication (Champagne-Lavau et al., 2006; 2009). Impairment of social cognition may result in social dysfunction, at the social, school and professional levels (Fett et al., 2010). Several studies have showed impairments in social cognition in schizophrenia, using perception and comprehension paradigms in most cases. However, to our knowledge, no studies have looked at how speech patterns in schizophrenia contribute to linguistic and social impressions formed about individual with schizophrenia from the perspective of listeners. Thus, the aim of this research was twofold: Firstly, to determine whether speech and discourse content produced by individuals with schizophrenia contribute to the negative social impression experienced by people regarding schizophrenia; secondly to assess what criteria (prosodic and/or discourse content) are likely to generate this negative impression

Perception par la communauté du discours de patients atteints de schizophrénie

International audienceLa cognition sociale joue un rôle critique dans notre capacité à interagir et à communiquer avec les autres (Champagne-Lavau et al., 2006 ; 2009). Pour cette raison, des troubles de cette capacité dans la schizophrénie entraînent souvent une désinsertion sociale marquée et une rupture avec le système éducatif et le monde professionnel. De nombreuses études ont montré des perturbations de la cognition sociale dans la schizophrénie, évaluant dans la majorité des cas l'aspect perception/compréhension plutôt que production (Couture et al., 2006). Pourtant, au niveau de la production, le contenu du discours produit mais aussi la prosodie reflète des informations sur le locuteur. L'objectif de cette étude est de déterminer si la parole et le contenu du discours des individus atteints de schizophrénie contribuent à l'impression sociale négative que les gens ont de la schizophrénie. Il s'agit dans un second temps de déterminer quels sont les critères (prosodie et/ou contenu du discours) susceptibles d'engendrer cette impression. Deux étapes ont été développées pour répondre à cet objectif. Dans une première étape, un groupe de 10 participants atteints de schizophrénie et un groupe de 10 participants contrôles sains appariés en âge, en niveau d'éducation et en genre ont été enregistrés alors qu'ils racontaient une histoire à partir d'une image. Dans une deuxième étape, un groupe de 20 participants sains ignorant la provenance des discours devaient écouter et juger (sur une échelle de 1 à 7) les discours produits par les individus avec schizophrénie et sans schizophrénie selon des critères de forme (impressions concernant le locuteur) et de contenu linguistique. Une analyse acoustique des productions a aussi été réalisée. Les résultats de cette étude montrent une différence de perception entre les deux groupes de narrateurs. Cette différence témoigne d'une impression plus négative à l'égard des narrateurs atteints de schizophrénie et semble d'autant plus marquée que l'évaluation porte sur la narration plutôt que sur l'impression que l'on se fait du locuteur. Cependant, certains aspects de la prosodie semblent pouvoir rendre compte de ces différences de perception

Factors perceived by health professionals to be barriers or facilitators to caries prevention in children: a systematic review

Abstract Background Considered the most prevalent noncommunicable disease in childhood, dental caries is both an individual and a collective burden. While international guidelines highlight prevention as a major strategy for caries management in children, health professionals still struggle to implement prevention into their clinical practice. Further research is needed to understand the gap between the theoretical significance of dental prevention and its lack of implementation in the clinical setting. This systematic review aims to identify and classify factors perceived by health professionals to be barriers or facilitators to caries prevention in children. Method A systematic literature search was conducted in three electronic databases (Medline, Web of Science and Cairn). Two researchers independently screened titles, abstracts and texts. To be selected, studies had to focus on barriers or facilitators to caries prevention in children and include health professionals as study participants. Qualitative and quantitative studies were selected. The factors influencing caries prevention in children were sorted into 3 main categories (clinician-related factors, patient-related factors, and organizational-related factors) and then classified according to the 14 domains of the theoretical domains framework (TDF). Results A total of 1771 references were found by combining manual and database searches. Among them, 26 studies met the inclusion criteria, of which half were qualitative and half were quantitative studies. Dentists (n = 12), pediatricians (n = 11), nurses (n = 9), and physicians (n = 5) were the most frequently interviewed health professionals in our analysis. Barriers and facilitators to caries prevention in children were categorized into 12 TDF domains. The most frequently reported domains were Environmental Context and Resources, Knowledge and Professional Role and Identity. Conclusion This systematic review found that a wide range of factors influence caries prevention in children. Our analysis showed that barriers to pediatric oral health promotion affect all stages of the health care system. By highlighting the incompatibility between the health care system’s organization and the implementation of caries prevention, this study aims to help researchers and policy-makers design new interventions to improve children’s access to caries prevention. Trial registration PROSPERO CRD42022304545

Do patients with schizophrenia use prosody to encode contrastive discourse status?

International audiencePatients with schizophrenia (SZ) often display social cognition disorders, including Theory of Mind (ToM) impairments and communication disruptions. Thought language disorders appear to be primarily a disruption of pragmatics, SZ can also experience difficulties at other linguistic levels including the prosodic one. Here, using an interactive paradigm, we showed that SZ individuals did not use prosodic phrasing to encode the contrastive status of discourse referents in French.We used a semi-spontaneous task to elicit noun-adjective pairs in which the noun in the second noun-adjective fragment was identical to the noun in the first fragment (e.g., BONBONS marron “brown candies” vs. BONBONS violets “purple candies”) or could contrast with it (e.g., BOUGIES violettes “purple candles” vs. BONBONS violets “purple candies”). We found that healthy controls parsed the target noun in the second noun-adjective fragment separately from the color adjective, to warn their interlocutor that this noun constituted a contrastive entity (e.g., BOUGIES violettes followed by [BONBONS] [violets]) compared to when it referred to the same object as in the first fragment (e.g., BONBONS marron followed by [BONBONS violets]). On the contrary, SZ individuals did not use prosodic phrasing to encode contrastive status of target nouns. In addition, SZ's difficulties to use prosody of contrast were correlated to their score in a classical ToM task (i.e., the hinting task). Taken together, our data provide evidence that SZ patients exhibit difficulties to prosodically encode discourse statuses and sketch a potential relationship between ToM and the use of linguistic prosody

Do patients with schizophrenia use prosodic focus marking to attribute mental states in a conversation situation ?

International audienceMany previous studies have established that individuals with schizophrenia (SZ) experienced deficits in social cognition including Theory of Mind (ToM) disorders (Brüne 2005, Green et al. 2008). Very few studies have investigated these impairments in schizophrenia during natural communication situations (McCabe et al. 2004, Champagne-Lavau et al. 2009). However, to fully characterize ToM ability in schizophrenia, we need to understand several components of this ability that specifically appear during social interactions. In the present study, we were interesting in focus marking as a linguistic marker of ToM. We know that speakers use prosody to encode the difference between the given/contrastive statuses (i.e. focus marking) of discourse referents in accordance with their beliefs about the hearers' knowledge state. Specifically, in French, the contrastive information shows a tendency to be produced in a separate prosodic phrase from the rest of the utterance. In this study we tested whether the prosodic encoding of contrast is altered in SZ speech during social interaction and whether this alteration reflects ToM impairment