INDIACo m-2009 Co mputing For Nation Development

ABSTRAC

Expertenfeedback im Notfall-Management-Training: eine experimentelle Studie

Das Ziel der vorliegenden Studie bestand darin, ausgehend vom im Forschungsprojekt KNoTen 2.0 entwickelten Prototypen der KNoTen-Station, vier weitere Varianten dieses Hard- und Softwareaufbaus mit zusätzlichen Funktionalitäten im Hinblick auf ihre Eignung zur Erstellung eines wirkungsvollen Feedbacks für die Auswertung von komplexen Realübungen im Bereich der Sicherheitsausbildung in der Seeschifffahrt sowie im Hinblick auf die Auswirkungen der Arbeit mit der Grundvariante bzw. der Variationen zu testen. Des Weiteren sollten zusätzliche Optimierungsmöglichkeiten für die KNoTen-Station ermittelt werden, die gegebenenfalls in weiteren Forschungsarbeiten eruiert werden können

AN EXPLORATORY COMPARISON OF TOOLS FOR REMOTE COLLABORATIVE AND PARTICIPATORY ENTERPRISE MODELING

Participatory enterprise modeling (PEM) is about gathering domain experts and letting them discuss and jointly create enterprise models, supported by modeling experts. To prepare students for their role as modeling experts, it is useful to practice modeling in comparable situations. Usually, PEM is organized in sessions with co-located participants. During the Covid-19 pandemic, however, personal contact had to be reduced. Searching for alternative ways of simulating PEM sessions, we investigate tools that would allow distributed teams to collaboratively and remotely create models. This paper presents a pilot study examining two online tools concerning usefulness, ease of use, enjoyment, acceptance, and awareness. We let the students create a goal model and a process model to check whether different kinds of models come with different requirements. To enable communication between the participants we used the video conference software Zoom. Interviews give more insight into the students’ perception of the modeling session

Paving the Path to Automatic User Task Identification

Web site personalization could be immensely improved if the user’s current intentions could be recognized by the surfing behavior. The latter can be captured in the form of events occurring in the browser, like mouse moves or opening Web pages. But which aspects of the user’s behavior best contribute to the recognition of the task a user is performing? Is it the number of mouse clicks, the amount of time spent on each page, the use of the back button or anything else? First results of an exploratory study give hint that already simple attributes, such as the average page view duration, the number of page views per minute and the number of different URLs requested, may be usable for the automatic user task identification. 20 participants solved exemplary exercises which corresponded to the user tasks Fact Finding, Information Gathering and Just Browsing. Due to the event logging, true display times were identified, even cached pages and the use of browser tabs were recorded. Author Keywords user tasks, user behavior, interaction, task identification, explorator

Four-Gene Pan-African Blood Signature Predicts Progression to Tuberculosis

Rationale: Contacts of patients with tuberculosis (TB) constitute an important target population for preventive measures because they are at high risk of infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis and progression to disease.Objectives: We investigated biosignatures with predictive ability for incident TB.Methods: In a case-control study nested within the Grand Challenges 6-74 longitudinal HIV-negative African cohort of exposed household contacts, we employed RNA sequencing, PCR, and the pair ratio algorithm in a training/test set approach. Overall, 79 progressors who developed TB between 3 and 24 months after diagnosis of index case and 328 matched nonprogressors who remained healthy during 24 months of follow-up were investigated.Measurements and Main Results: A four-transcript signature derived from samples in a South African and Gambian training set predicted progression up to two years before onset of disease in blinded test set samples from South Africa, the Gambia, and Ethiopia with little population-associated variability, and it was also validated in an external cohort of South African adolescents with latent M. tuberculosis infection. By contrast, published diagnostic or prognostic TB signatures were predicted in samples from some but not all three countries, indicating site-specific variability. Post hoc meta-analysis identified a single gene pair, C1QC/TRAV27 (complement C1q C-chain / T-cell receptor-α variable gene 27) that would consistently predict TB progression in household contacts from multiple African sites but not in infected adolescents without known recent exposure events.Conclusions: Collectively, we developed a simple whole blood-based PCR test to predict TB in recently exposed household contacts from diverse African populations. This test has potential for implementation in national TB contact investigation programs

Four-gene pan-African blood signature predicts progression to tuberculosis

Rationale: Contacts of patients with tuberculosis (TB) constitute an important target population for preventive measures because they are at high risk of infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis and progression to disease. Objectives: We investigated biosignatures with predictive ability for incident TB. Methods: In a case–control study nested within the Grand Challenges 6-74 longitudinal HIV-negative African cohort of exposed household contacts, we employed RNA sequencing, PCR, and the pair ratio algorithm in a training/test set approach. Overall, 79 progressors who developed TB between 3 and 24 months after diagnosis of index case and 328 matched nonprogressors who remained healthy during 24 months of follow-up were investigated. Measurements and Main Results: A four-transcript signature derived from samples in a South African and Gambian training set predicted progression up to two years before onset of disease in blinded test set samples from South Africa, the Gambia, and Ethiopia with little population-associated variability, and it was also validated in an external cohort of South African adolescents with latent M. tuberculosis infection. By contrast, published diagnostic or prognostic TB signatures were predicted in samples from some but not all three countries, indicating site-specific variability. Post hoc meta-analysis identified a single gene pair, C1QC/TRAV27 (complement C1q C-chain / T-cell receptor-α variable gene 27) that would consistently predict TB progression in household contacts from multiple African sites but not in infected adolescents without known recent exposure events. Conclusions: Collectively, we developed a simple whole blood–based PCR test to predict TB in recently exposed household contacts from diverse African populations. This test has potential for implementation in national TB contact investigation programs