Quelle sociologie pour les géographes, quelle géographie pour les sociologues ?

Ce débat provient d’un groupe d’étudiants engagés dans des recherches scientifiques qui se sont trouvés réunis au printemps 1999 par leur intérêt commun pour les questions de l’interdisciplinarité. Il ne s’agissait pas d’une volonté de reconstruction théorique, mais de voir en quoi le rapprochement de la géographie et de la sociologie, inscrit dans la création du Ladyss, pouvait dépasser la juxtaposition de deux disciplines et pénétrer les travaux de chacun  : en quoi les géographes pouvaient inscrire une interrogation sociologique, et les sociologues intégrer des raisonnements géographiques, dans leurs problématiques et leurs travaux personnels.This debate originates in a symposium on interdisciplinarity which gathered a group of doctoral students in the spring of 1999. Their goal was not to define a theoretical approach to the subject, but rather to wonder how geography and sociology, both essential to the creation of the Ladyss, could be drawn together so as to put an end to the mere juxtaposition of the two disciplines and allow them to penetrate each other. In other words, they wondered how geographers could tackle sociological issues, and how sociologists could integrate geographical reflections into their own works

Endothelial function and urine albumin levels among asymptomatic Mexican-Americans and non-Hispanic whites

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background-</p> <p>Mexican-Americans (MA) exhibit increases in various cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors compared to non-Hispanic Whites (NHW), yet are reported to have lower CVD mortality rates. Our aim was to help explain this apparent paradox by evaluating endothelial function and urine albumin levels in MA and NHW.</p> <p>Methods-</p> <p>One hundred-five MA and 100 NHW adults were studied by brachial artery flow-mediated dilatation (FMD), blood and urine tests. Participants were studied by ultrasound-determined brachial artery flow-mediated dilatation (FMD), blood and urine tests, at a single visit.</p> <p>Results-</p> <p>Despite higher BMI and triglycerides in MA, MA demonstrated higher FMD than did NHW (9.1 ± 7.3% vs. 7.1 ± 6.3%, p < 0.04). Among MA, urinary albumin was consistently lower in participants with FMD ≥ 7% FMD versus < 7% FMD (p < 0.006). In multivariate analyses in MA men, urinary albumin was inversely related to FMD (r = -0.26, p < 0.05), as were BMI and systolic blood pressure. In MA women, urinary albumin:creatinine ratio was an independent inverse predictor of FMD (p < 0.05 ).</p> <p>Conclusion-</p> <p>To our knowledge, this is the first study to analyze, in asymptomatic adults, the relation of MA and NHW ethnicity to FMD and urine albumin levels. The findings confirm ethnic differences in these important subclinical CVD measures.</p

2007 AAPP Monograph Series

The African American Professors Program (AAPP) at the University of South Carolina is proud to publish the seventh edition of its annual monograph series. Furthermore, it is an honor to celebrate the remarkable tenth anniversary of AAPP through these manuscripts. The program recognizes the significance of offering its scholars a venue to engage actively in research and publish papers related thereto. Parallel with the publication of their refereed manuscripts is the opportunity to gain visibility among scholars throughout institutions worldwide. Scholars who have contributed papers for this monograph are to be commended for adding this responsibility to their academic workload. Writing across disciplines adds to the intellectual diversity of these papers. From neophytes, relatively speaking, to an array of very experienced individuals, the chapters have been researched and comprehensively written. Founded in 1997 through the Department of Educational Leadership and Policies in the College of Education, AAPP was designed to address the underrepresentation of African American professors on college and university campuses. Its mission is to expand the pool of these professors in critical academic and research areas. Sponsored by the University of South Carolina, the W.K. Kellogg Foundation, and the South Carolina General Assembly, the program recruits doctoral students for disciplines in which African Americans currently are underrepresented among faculty in higher education. The continuation of this monograph series is seen as responding to a window of opportunity to be sensitive to an academic expectation of graduates as they pursue career placement and, at the same time, one that allows for the dissemination of products to a broader community. The importance of this monograph series has been voiced by one of our 2002 AAPP graduates, Dr. Shundele LaTjuan Dogan, formerly an Administrative Fellow at Harvard University and a Program Officer for the Southern Education Foundation. She is currently a Program Officer for the Arthur M. Blank Foundation in Atlanta. Dr. Dogan wrote: One thing in particular that I want to thank you for is having the African American Professors Program scholars publish articles for the monograph. have to admit that writing the articles seemed like extra work at the time. However, in my recent interview process, organizations have asked me for samples of my writing. Including an article from a published monograph helped to make my portfolio much more impressive. You were \u27right on target\u27 in having us do the monograph series. (AAPP 2003 Monograph, p. xi) The African American Professors Program dedicates this 2007 tenth anniversary publication as a special contribution to its readership and hopes that each will be inspired by this interdisciplinary group of manuscripts. John McFadden, Ph.D. The Benjamin Elijah Mays Distinguished Professor Emeritus Director, African American Professors Program University of South Carolinahttps://scholarcommons.sc.edu/mcfadden_monographs/1009/thumbnail.jp

Bone Marrow Transplant

Mucopolysaccharidosis type I-H (MPS I-H) is a rare lysosomal storage disorder caused by α-L-Iduronidase deficiency. Early haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is the sole available therapeutic option to preserve neurocognitive functions. We report long-term follow-up (median 9 years, interquartile range 8-16.5) for 51 MPS I-H patients who underwent HSCT between 1986 and 2018 in France. 4 patients died from complications of HSCT and one from disease progression. Complete chimerism and normal α-L-Iduronidase activity were obtained in 84% and 71% of patients respectively. No difference of outcomes was observed between bone marrow and cord blood stem cell sources. All patients acquired independent walking and 91% and 78% acquired intelligible language or reading and writing. Intelligence Quotient evaluation (n = 23) showed that 69% had IQ ≥ 70 at last follow-up. 58% of patients had normal or remedial schooling and 62% of the 13 adults had good socio-professional insertion. Skeletal dysplasia as well as vision and hearing impairments progressed despite HSCT, with significant disability. These results provide a long-term assessment of HSCT efficacy in MPS I-H and could be useful in the evaluation of novel promising treatments such as gene therapy

ROLE DES DOMAINES TRANSMEMBRANAIRES DANS L'ACTIVATION DES RECEPTEURS A TYROSINE KINASE ; INTERET EN TANT QUE CIBLE THERAPEUTIQUE

LES RECEPTEURS A ACTIVITE TYROSINE KINASE (RTK) CONTROLENT D'IMPORTANTS PROCESSUS PHYSIOLOGIQUES, ET SONT EGALEMENT IMPLIQUES DANS DES PATHOLOGIES TELLE QUE LE CANCER. LA FIXATION DU LIGAND PERMET LA DIMERISATION DES RECEPTEURS DE CETTE FAMILLE, PUIS LEUR ACTIVATION, ET DE NOMBREUSES ETUDES ONT MONTRE L'IMPORTANCE DU DOMAINE TRANSMEMBRANAIRE ( T M) DANS CES PHENOMENES. AFIN D'APPROFONDIR LES CONNAISSANCES QUANT AU ROLE DU SEGMENT T M DANS L'ACTIVATION DES RTK, NOUS AVONS ETUDIE LES EFFETS DE LA SUBSTITUTION DU DOMAINE T M DU RECEPTEUR DE L'INSULINE PAR CELUI DE LA GLYCOPHORINE A, QUI EST UN DOMAINE A FORT POUVOIR DIMERISANT. CE RECEPTEUR DIMERISE, MAIS NE TRANSMET PLUS LE SIGNAL INSULINIQUE. CES RESULTATS SUGGERENT QUE LE DOMAINE T M JOUE UN ROLE IMPORTANT DANS L'ORIENTATION DES DOMAINES KINASES A L'INTERIEUR D'UN DIMERE, L'ORIENTATION POUVANT ETRE COMPATIBLE OU NON, SELON LA NATURE DU DOMAINE T M, AVEC LE PHENOMENE DE TRANSPHOSPHORYLATION. LES RTK DE LA FAMILLE ERBB FONT L'OBJET D'UN GRAND NOMBRE D'ETUDES DANS LE DEVELOPPEMENT DE THERAPIES ANTICANCEREUSES, L'IMPLICATION D'ANOMALIES DE CES RECEPTEURS, AINSI QUE DE LEUR VOIES DE SIGNALISATION, AYANT ETE BIEN ETABLIE EN CANCEROGENESE. LES DONNEES DE LA LITTERATURE, AINSI QUE LES RESULTATS OBTENUS POUR L'ETUDE DES NOS RECEPTEURS CHIMERIQUES DE L'INSULINE, SUGGERENT LA POSSIBILITE D'UTILISER LES DOMAINES T M COMME INHIBITEURS DE LA PROLIFERATION CELLULAIRE DE LIGNEES TUMORALES HUMAINES. NOUS AVONS DONC ETUDIE LES EFFETS DE L'EXPRESSION DE PEPTIDES T M, CORRESPONDANT AUX SEGMENTS T M DES DIFFERENTS RECEPTEURS ERBB, DANS DES CELLULES CANCEREUSES SUREXPRIMANT DES RECEPTEURS ERBB. LES RESULTATS PRELIMINAIRES SEMBLENT MONTRER QUE L'EXPRESSION DU PEPTIDE ERBB2 INHIBE LA PHOSPHORYLATION DU RECEPTEUR ERBB2 SUREXPRIME, AINSI QUE LA CROISSANCE CELLULAIRE. CES RESULTATS SEMBLENT DONC INDIQUER QUE LE SEGMENT T M POURRAIT ENTRER EN COMPETITION AVEC LES DIMERES FONCTIONNELS ET DIMINUER AINSI L'ACTIVITE KINASE EN FORMANT DES DIMERES INACTIFS.STRASBOURG-Sc. et Techniques (674822102) / SudocSudocFranceF

Dose titration of BAF312 attenuates the initial heart rate reducing effect in healthy subjects

AIMS BAF312 is the next generation selective sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor modulator (S1PR) that targets multiple sclerosis via effects on the immune system, and may have direct effects on S1PR-expressing cells in the central nervous system. Previous studies have shown transient decreases in heart rate (HR) following administration of S1PR modulators including BAF312. The objective of the current study is to determine whether dose titration of BAF312 reduces or eliminates these effects. METHODS 56 healthy subjects were randomized 1:1:1:1 to receive BAF312 in one of two dose titration (DT) regimens (DT1 and DT2: 0.25–10 mg over 9–10 days), no titration (10 mg starting dose) or placebo. Pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic parameters were assessed. RESULTS Neither DT1 nor DT2 resulted in clinically significant bradycardia or atrioventricular conduction effects. Both titration regimens showed a favourable treatment difference on each of Days 1–12 vs. the non-titration regimen on Day 1 for HR effects (P < 0.0001). HRs in the non-titration regimen showed considerable separation from placebo throughout the study. There was no statistically significant reduction in HR vs. placebo on Day 1 in either titration regimen. On Days 3–7 subjects in DT1 and DT2 experienced minor reductions in HR vs. placebo (approximately 5 bpm; P ≤ 0.0001). By Day 9, HRs in both titration regimens were comparable to placebo; this effect was maintained until end of treatment Day 12. CONCLUSION Both titration regimens effectively attenuated the initial bradyarrhythmia observed on Day 1 of treatment with BAF312 10 mg

The Subsea Drake Pipeline: A Challenging Case Study to Check Design Effectiveness Against Drifting Ice Action

The Drake pipeline is located offshore Melville Island, in the Canadian High Arctic. It was built on-site in 1977-78 and connected to a natural gas production well, which operated for only a few months. The well was plugged in 1995 and the pipeline was abandoned. The pipeline extends from the shoreline to the wellhead located about one kilometer offshore to a water depth of 55 meters. It is buried at the shoreline crossing, to a target depth of 1.5 meters below sea bottom. A system to generate a frozen soil shield was also devised for further protection against drifting ice. Also, a berm made from ice and gravel was built at the water line. Field investigations could prove highly instructive to assess the state of the structure, and provide guidelines for design of future pipelines in high risks areas. However, significant technical and logistical challenges would face that venture, namely a \u2018no physical contact\u2019 (with the pipeline) restriction from the property owner, which leads to difficulty in understanding what has occurred to the pipeline beneath the soil, and a propensity for the region to be covered with a very thick ice cover.Peer reviewed: YesNRC publication: Ye

Prediction of the impact of CYP2C9 genotypes on the drug-drug interaction potential of siponimod with PBPK modeling: a comprehensive approach for drug label recommendations

We predicted the drug-drug interaction (DDI) potential of siponimod in presence of cytochrome-P450 (CYP)2C9/CYP3A4 inhibitors/inducers in subjects with different CYP2C9 genotypes by physiologically-based-pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling. The model was established using in vitro and clinical pharmacokinetic (PK) data and verified by adequately predicting siponimod PK when co-administered with rifampin. With strong and moderate CYP3A4 inhibitors, an increased DDI risk for siponimod was predicted for CYP2C9*3/*3 genotype versus other genotypes (AUC ratio [AUCR]: 3.25–4.42 vs. ≤1.51 for strong; 2.46 vs. 1.14–1.32 for moderate). AUCRs increased with moderate (2.15–2.52) and weak (1.12–1.41) CYP3A4/CYP2C9 inhibitors to the same extent for all genotypes. With strong CYP3A4/moderate CYP2C9 inducers and moderate CYP3A4 inducers, predicted AUCRs were 0.21–0.32 and 0.35–0.71, respectively. This complementary analysis to the clinical PK-DDI studies confirmed the relevant influence of CYP2C9 polymorphism on the DDI behavior of siponimod and represented the basis for the DDI labeling recommendations

Les Temps des territoires

International audienc

Les Temps des territoires (dossier thématique)

International audienceCoordination du numéro de revue "Les Temps des territoires