A survey of the factors affecting the relationship of student and cooperating teachers in public schools.

Thesis (Ed.M.)--Boston Universit

Review of the Global Assessment Report on Disaster Risk Reduction: Enabling Child-Centred Agency (Tema Central)

El Informe de Evaluación Global sobre la base de evidencia desarrollada a partir de proyectos de reducción del riesgo de desastres centrados en los niños en Filipinas y El Salvador ofrece una visión general de los marcos institucionales y legales que limitan o permiten desarrollar la capacidad en lugar de centrarse en la vulnerabilidad. En muchos países, las políticas y funciones de gestión del riesgo de desastres siguen centradas en una agenda de respuesta a emergencias impulsada por la ayuda humanitaria, a menudo centrada en la pérdida económica inmediata del desastre y el costo de la rehabilitación y reparación de la infraestructura principal. La evidencia demuestra que cuando las comunidades, incluidos los niños, se involucran en la comprensión de los factores causales de la vulnerabilidad diferenciada, pueden garantizar que las necesidades específicas se planifiquen antes y estén protegidas durante las emergencias. Hacer hincapié en el valor del compromiso con los niños no es esperar que tengan todas las respuestas. Más bien refuerza el argumento para que la formulación de políticas incluya procesos ascendentes para garantizar que los enfoques sean específicos del contexto y tengan en cuenta las necesidades de todos los miembros de la comunidad.The Global Assessment Report on the evidence base developed from child-centred disaster risk reduction projects in the Philippines and El Salvador provides an overview of institutional and legal frameworks that limit or enable developing capacity rather than focusing on vulnerability. In many countries, disaster risk management policy and functions remain focused on a humanitarian and aid driven emergency response agenda, often focusing on the immediate economic loss of the disaster event and the cost of rehabilitation and repair of major infrastructure. The evidence demonstrates that when communities including children are engaged in understanding the causal factors of differentiated vulnerability they can ensure specific needs are planned for before and protected during emergencies. Emphasising the value of engagement with children is not to expect them to have all the answers. Rather it reinforces the case for policy-making to include bottom-up processes to ensure approaches are context specific and take account of the needs of all community members

A survey of the health interests of the people of Quincy, Massachusetts

Thesis (Ed. M.)--Boston University, 195

Does case management improve outcomes for people with schizophrenia?

The Australian and New Zealand clinical practice guidelines recommend intensive case management for people with first-episode psychosis or an acute relapse of schizophrenia. Often initiated following discharge from hospital or transfer from community-based acute care, case management is a collaborative, community-based program designed to ensure people receive quality health care and integrated support services. Case management may provide substantial benefits for people suffering severe mental illnesses like schizophrenia, however, before case management services are made universally available, more work needs to be done to determine when, and for whom, these services are most effective

Are our policies and laws leading to treatment delays for people with schizophrenia?

Under Australian mental health laws, people with schizophrenia can only be involuntarily committed to a mental health facility if they are assessed and it is determined that their illness is making them dangerous to themselves or others. To determine whether they are to undergo involuntary treatment, mental health workers must assess people against an ‘Obligatory Dangerousness Criterion’. This criterion is an advance on methods used prior to the mid-1970s, when many countries authorised involuntary commitment to a mental health facility on medical certification alone, without court approval or any proof of an emergency situation. An Obligatory Dangerousness Criterion is now widely used in Australia, the USA, and some areas of Canada and Europe as the means by which patients are assessed for the appropriateness of involuntary (compulsory) treatment. There is no doubt the policy underpinning its use was well intentioned; an Obligatory Dangerousness Criterion was originally developed in an attempt to bett er balance the rights of the mentally ill with the need to protect the public. However, over time some experts have begun to raise questions about the utility of this criterion, suggesting that it sometimes means patients don’t get access to necessary treatment as quickly as they should

Cosmological Constraints from Primordial Black Holes

Primordial black holes may form in the early Universe, for example from the collapse of large amplitude density perturbations predicted in some inflationary models. Light black holes undergo Hawking evaporation, the energy injection from which is constrained both at the epoch of nucleosynthesis and at the present. The failure as yet to unambiguously detect primordial black holes places important constraints. In this article, we are particularly concerned with the dependence of these constraints on the model for the complete cosmological history, from the time of formation to the present. Black holes presently give the strongest constraint on the spectral index $n$ of density perturbations, though this constraint does require $n$ to be constant over a very wide range of scales.Comment: 8 pages LaTeX file, using elsart.sty, with three figures incorporated using epsf. To appear, proceedings of DM98, Los Angeles (ed D Cline, Elsevier

Gamma-rays from ultracompact minihalos: potential constraints on the primordial curvature perturbation

Ultracompact minihalos (UCMHs) are dense dark matter structures which can form from large density perturbations shortly after matter-radiation equality. If dark matter is in the form of Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs), then UCMHs may be detected via their gamma-ray emission. We investigate how the {\em{Fermi}} satellite could constrain the abundance of UCMHs and place limits on the power spectrum of the primordial curvature perturbation. Detection by {\em Fermi} would put a lower limit on the UCMH halo fraction. The smallest detectable halo fraction, $f_{\rm UCMH} \gtrsim 10^{-7}$, is for $M_{\rm UCMH} \sim 10^{3} M_{\odot}$. If gamma-ray emission from UCMHs is not detected, an upper limit can be placed on the halo fraction. The bound is tightest, $f_{\rm UCMH} \lesssim 10^{-5}$, for $M_{\rm UCMH} \sim 10^{5} M_{\odot}$. The resulting upper limit on the power spectrum of the primordial curvature perturbation in the event of non-detection is in the range $\mathcal{P_R} \lesssim 10^{-6.5}- 10^{-6}$ on scales $k \sim 10^{1}-10^{6} \, {\rm Mpc}^{-1}$. This is substantially tighter than the existing constraints from primordial black hole formation on these scales, however it assumes that dark matter is in the form of WIMPs and UCMHs are not disrupted during the formation of the Milky Way halo.Comment: 5 pages, 2 figures, version to appear in Phys. Rev. D, minor change

Primordial black holes as a tool for constraining non-Gaussianity

Primordial Black Holes (PBH's) can form in the early Universe from the collapse of large density fluctuations. Tight observational limits on their abundance constrain the amplitude of the primordial fluctuations on very small scales which can not otherwise be constrained, with PBH's only forming from the extremely rare large fluctuations. The number of PBH's formed is therefore sensitive to small changes in the shape of the tail of the fluctuation distribution, which itself depends on the amount of non-Gaussianity present. We study, for the first time, how quadratic and cubic local non-Gaussianity of arbitrary size (parameterised by f_nl and g_nl respectively) affects the PBH abundance and the resulting constraints on the amplitude of the fluctuations on very small scales. Intriguingly we find that even non-linearity parameters of order unity have a significant impact on the PBH abundance. The sign of the non-Gaussianity is particularly important, with the constraint on the allowed fluctuation amplitude tightening by an order of magnitude as f_nl changes from just -0.5 to 0.5. We find that if PBH's are observed in the future, then regardless of the amplitude of the fluctuations, non-negligible negative f_nl would be ruled out. Finally we show that g_nl can have an even larger effect on the number of PBH's formed than f_nl.Comment: 9 pages, 5 figures, v2: version to appear in Phys. Rev. D with minor changes, v3: typos corrected (including factor of 1/2 in erfc prefactor), no changes to result

Preparing teachers for emergency remote teaching: A professional development framework for teachers in higher education

COVID-19 has significantly impacted teaching and learning in higher education, leading institutions to embrace Emergency Remote Teaching (ERT) in response to school and university closure. A systematic review research methodology was used to identify, analyse and synthesise literature on professional development in higher education published between 2010 and 2020. Following an inductive thematic analysis, the authors identified four themes that represent the literature: learning approaches, delivery modes, design features and institutional support. Based on the emerging themes and the analysis of the selection of studies, a framework for professional development is proposed to prepare teachers in higher education for ERT. The use of the framework is recommended to guide higher education institutions in best assisting their academic staff during an ERT context

Alternative oilseeds R&D for biodiesel production 2001

There is a slow but growing realization that crude oil is our weakness component in Australia’s energy portfolio. Australia’s domestic reserves of heavy crude oil, which is essential in the production of petroleum diesel, it expected to reach exhaustion by 2012 on current usage patterns. A need to become more heavily dependant on import crude oil will impact on our balance of trade and further expose our transport and rural sectors to international oil price fluctuations. Biodiesel is widely known an excellent alternative to mineral diesel and has been extensively demonstrated in the EC and the United States. It is a renewable fuel made by reacting 20 parts of Canola oil with one part methanol or ethanol (grain alcohol), injecting hot water through the mixture and allowing to cool. The Biodiesel naturally separates from the water solution, with no further refining or processing required. Biodiesel has the same combustion properties as regular diesel with considerably lower levels of polluting emissions (appendix 1). Bio-diesel has been found to be a cleaner fuel than diesel, resulting in lower engine maintenance costs and that it can be used in current diesel engines with virtually no modification. The production and use Biodiesel has not been explored to any great lengths in Australia. The Department of Agriculture WA has undertaken an initiative to lead the development of this promising biofuel sector and improve the economic fundamentals for Biodiesel production and use in Western Australia