НАУЧНО-ТЕХНИЧЕСКИЙ ПАСПОРТ РЕГИОНА КАК ИНСТРУМЕНТ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЙ ПОЛИТИКИ

The article is devoted to studying of opportunities to increase of the state research and development (R&D) policy’s efficiency in the region on the basis of its information support’s improvement. Allowing to stimulate R&D in the region tools and measures, capable to provide development of scientific and technical capacity of the Russian Federation and its subjects are necessary in modern conditions. The region’s scientific and technical passport of the which formation assume to use of data presentation for development of science, equipment and technology’s unified system in each country’s regionone of such tools is capable to become. Its introduction within monitoring scientific and technical capacity’s parameters in the Russian regions will effectively carry out R&D analysis and evaluation at the territorial level, to conduct interregional comparisons, track the changes with a view to the quality decision-making in the field ofregionalscience and technology policy.Purpose: development of information support’s tools of the state R&D policy in the region.Methods and/or methodology: in article the research methods literature review, retrospective analysis and also statistical methods of the analysis were used.Results: developed the content of the region’s technical and scientific passport, testing of which is shown on an example of one of Russia’s regions(the Republic of Bashkortostan).Practical implications: the results can be applied federal and sub-federal government in order to improve the monitoring scientific and technological capacity’s efficiency at justification of the state R&D policy’s directions and measures.Статья посвящена изучению возможностей повышения эффективности государственной научно-технической политики в регионе на основе совершенствования ее информационного обеспечения. В современных условиях необходимы инструменты и меры, способные обеспечить развитие научно-технического потенциала Российской Федерации и ее субъектов, позволяющие стимулировать НИОКР в регионе. И одним из таких инструментов способен стать научно-технический паспорт региона, формирование которого предполагает использование унифицированной системы представления данных о развитии науки, техники и технологий в каждом регионе страны. Его внедрение в рамках мониторинга состояния научно-технического потенциала в субъектах РФ позволит эффективно осуществлять анализ и оценку НИОКР на территориальном уровне, проводить межрегиональные сравнения, отслеживать происходящие изменения в целях принятия качественных управленческих решений в области региональной научно-технической политики.Цель статьи – разработка инструментария информационного обеспечения проведениягосударственной научно-технической политики в регионе.Методы или методология исследования: при написании статьи использовались теоретические методы, связанные с изучением общей и специальной литературы по исследуемой проблеме, ретроспективный анализ, статистические методы анализа.Результаты: разработано содержание научно-технического паспорта региона, апробация которого представлена на примере одного из регионов России (Республики Башкортостан).Область применения результатов: результаты исследования могут быть использованы органами управления федерального и субфедерального уровня для повышения эффективности мониторинга научно-технического потенциала регионов при обосновании направлений и мер государственной научно-технической политики

Heterogeneous Dendrimer-Based Catalysts

The present review compiles the advances in the dendritic catalysis within the last two decades, in particular concerning heterogeneous dendrimer-based catalysts and their and application in various processes, such as hydrogenation, oxidation, cross-coupling reactions, etc. There are considered three main approaches to the synthesis of immobilized heterogeneous dendrimer-based catalysts: (1) impregnation/adsorption on silica or carbon carriers; (2) dendrimer covalent grafting to various supports (silica, polystyrene, carbon nanotubes, porous aromatic frameworks, etc.), which may be performed in a divergent (as a gradual dendron growth on the support) or convergent way (as a grafting of whole dendrimer to the support); and (3) dendrimer cross-linking, using transition metal ions (resulting in coordination polymer networks) or bifunctional organic linkers, whose size, polarity, and rigidity define the properties of the resulted material. Additionally, magnetically separable dendritic catalysts, which can be synthesized using the three above-mentioned approaches, are also considered. Dendritic catalysts, synthesized in such ways, can be stored as powders and be easily separated from the reaction medium by filtration/centrifugation as traditional heterogeneous catalysts, maintaining efficiency as for homogeneous dendritic catalysts

The estimated and look-ahead model of scientific and technical capacity of region

This paper studies the impact of scientific and technical capacity of Russian regions to the possibility of their sustainable development in the modern world. At the same time clarified the concept of «sustainable development», which in the extended treatment is disclosed in dynamic, static and efficiently-factorial aspects. The essential features of sustainable regional development (economic growth and high living standards, the effectiveness of the sectoral structure of economy, solidarity and partnership between the subjects of regional cooperation, coevolution, etc.) within the framework of a comprehensive, integrative approach are identified.The algorithm of an indicative estimation of scientific and technical capacity of region for the purpose of research of its influence on sustainability of the social and economic development reveals; integrated indicators of a sustainable development and the scientific and technical capacity of the several Russian regions on the basis of computation of corresponding individual and private indicators are calculated. The choice of indicators due to the proposed theoretical and methodological approach to understanding the phenomena is under consideration. Generated by means of carrying out the correlation and regression analysis the econometric model allows to predict degree of stability of regional economy at escalating of separate components of scientific and technical capacity (in particular, its productive, human and financial components, identified in the analysis of the most important from the standpoint of sustainable development in the region). Results of practical application of model are approved on an example of regions of Privolzhsky Federal Distric

Dendrimer-Stabilized Ru Nanoparticles Immobilized in Organo-Silica Materials for Hydrogenation of Phenols

New hybrid catalysts based on Ru nanoparticles, encapsulated into poly(propylene imine dendrimers), immobilized into silica pores, were synthesized and examined for the hydrogenation of alkyl-substituted phenols. The corresponding alkyl-substituted cyclohexanols were presented as the major reaction products, while incomplete hydrogenation products appeared to be minor. A competition between the sterical factors of dendrimer-containing carriers and the electronic factors of substrate substituents influenced the hydrogenation rate of the alkyl-substituted phenols. The carrier structure was found to have a significant influence on both the physical and chemical properties of the catalysts and their hydrogenation activity. The synthesized hybrid catalysts appeared to be stable after recycling and could be re-used several times without significant loss of activity

Manganese and Cobalt Doped Hierarchical Mesoporous Halloysite-Based Catalysts for Selective Oxidation of p-Xylene to Terephthalic Acid

Bimetallic MnCo catalyst, supported on the mesoporous hierarchical MCM-41/halloysite nanotube composite, was synthesized for the first time and proved its efficacy in the selective oxidation of p-xylene to terephthalic acid under conditions of the AMOCO process. Quantitative yields of terephthalic acid were achieved within 3 h at 200–250 °C, 20 atm. of O2 and at a substrate to the Mn + Co ratio of 4–4.5 times higher than for traditional homogeneous system. The influence of temperature, oxygen, pressure and KBr addition on the catalyst activity was investigated, and the mechanism for the oxidation of p-toluic acid to terephthalic acid, excluding undesirable 4-carboxybenzaldehyde, was proposed

Sulfide Catalysts Supported on Porous Aromatic Frameworks for Naphthalene Hydroprocessing

This paper describes the first example of using porous aromatic frameworks as supports for sulfide catalysts for the hydrogenation of aromatic hydrocarbons. The synthesis of bimetallic Ni-W and Ni-Mo sulfides was performed by in situ decomposition of [(n-Bu)4N]2[Ni(MeS4)2] (Me = W, Mo) complexes, supported on mesoporous aromatic framework with a diamond-like structure. It is shown that the highest naphthalene conversions were achieved in the case of additional sulfidation with sulfur. After the reaction, catalysts were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. The activity of synthesized catalysts has been studied using naphthalene as a model substrate. The materials used in this study were substantially active in hydrogenation and slightly in hydrocracking of naphthalene

Dendrimer‐Encapsulated Pd Nanoparticles, Immobilized in Silica Pores, as Catalysts for Selective Hydrogenation of Unsaturated Compounds

Abstract Heterogeneous Pd‐containing nanocatalysts, based on poly (propylene imine) dendrimers immobilized in silica pores and networks, obtained by co‐hydrolysis in situ, have been synthesized and examined in the hydrogenation of various unsaturated compounds. The catalyst activity and selectivity were found to strongly depend on the carrier structure as well as on the substrate electron and geometric features. Thus, mesoporous catalyst, synthesized in presence of both polymeric template and tetraethoxysilane, revealed the maximum activity in the hydrogenation of various styrenes, including bulky and rigid stilbene and its isomers, reaching TOF values of about 230000 h−1. Other mesoporous catalyst, synthesized in the presence of polymeric template, but without addition of Si(OEt)4, provided the trans‐cyclooctene formation with the selectivity of 90–95 %, appearing as similar to homogeneous dendrimer‐based catalysts. Microporous catalyst, obtained only on the presence of Si(OEt)4, while dendrimer molecules acting as both anchored ligands and template, demonstrated the maximum activity in the hydrogenation of terminal linear alkynes and conjugated dienes, reaching TOF values up to 400000 h−1. Herein the total selectivity on alkene in the case of terminal alkynes and conjugated dienes reached 95–99 % even at hydrogen pressure of 30 atm. The catalysts synthesized can be easily isolated from reaction products and recycled without significant loss of activity

Core/Shell Ruthenium–Halloysite Nanocatalysts for Hydrogenation of Phenol

Halloysite tubular nanoclay was applied as a template for synthesis of ruthenium core–shell composite catalysts for the first time; 50 nm diameter ceramic tubular systems with metal seeded interiors were produced. The procedure for the metal deposition and prior halloysite modification had a significant influence on properties of the catalyst and, as a consequence, on its activity in hydrogenation of phenol. Cyclohexanol was the main reaction product, but its yield depended on the substrate conversion and nanoarchitectural composition of the catalysts used. The maximum catalytic activity (turnover frequency, TOF) achieved was 17 282 h^–1 in terms of hydrogen uptake per surface Ru atoms. The substrate selectivity of halloysite-based catalysts was also demonstrated at the comparative hydrogenation of phenol and various cresols