The tunica mucosa of the oviduct in case of ovarian cysts presence in sows.

The unfavorable morphological changes in the oviductal mucosa may lead to infertility in females and be one of the reasons for slaughtering of farm animals. The aim of study was to investigate the morphological changes in the epithelium of oviductal mucosa of sows with ovarian cysts. The oviducts of 18 sows were obtained after slaughter. Sows were divided into three groups: 1st group - 6 sows with polycystic ovaries, 2nd group - 6 sows with single cysts, 3rd group - 6 sows without ovarian cysts. The epithelium was examined by light microscopy, SEM and TEM. Ciliated and secretory cells were count on 150 Îźm segments in apical and basal zone of folds both in ampulla and isthmus. We analyzed the number of cells in 5 folds in both these oviductal parts in dexter and sinister oviduct. We have noted unfavorable changes in oviductal mucosa consisting in increase of the secretory cells with simultaneous decrease of ciliated cells. The correlations between the general occurrence of ovarian cysts and the morphological state of epithelium of oviductal tunica mucosa were determined. The changes in proportion of cells occurred both in ampulla and isthmus. The excessive secretion covering epithelium promotes agglutinations and adhesions of the tubal folds and occlusion of the oviduct. These alterations may create problems in the migration of gametes and prevent the movements of the zygote towards the uterus and cause some disturbances in conceptus development in its early stages. Results suggest that COD is connected with unfavorable morphological and functional changes within epithelium of the oviductal tunica mucosa

Sexuality of female students in Wroclaw university — after 10 yaers

Wstęp: Przedstawiona praca zawiera ocenę ogólnej wiedzy studentek wrocławskich uczelni na temat własnej seksualności, opartą na wynikach ankiet przeprowadzonych na przełomie 2012 i 2013 roku w porównaniu z wynikami analogicznych badań z 2003 roku. Materiał i metody: Badaniem objęto grupę 330 studentek z 6 różnych uczelni wrocławskich. Ankiety zostały rozprowadzone w domach studenckich i wypełniane były w obecności rozdających. Opracowane statystycznie dane porównano z wynikami opublikowanymi w artykule pt. „Badanie seksualności studentek wrocławskich uczelni”, zamieszczonym w Seksuologii Polskiej w 2003 roku. Wyniki: Wykazano, że wrocławskie studentki coraz częściej nie planują swojego „pierwszego razu”. Chętniej uprawiają seks, stosując różne techniki, a jako metodę antykoncepcji wybierają przede wszystkim prezerwatywy. Głównym źródłem ich wiedzy stał się internet, ponieważ twierdzą, że zajęcia organizowane w szkole nie są satysfakcjonujące, natomiast w domu nie ma odpowiedniej atmosfery, żeby porozmawiać o seksie. Młode kobiety nie mają zdania w kwestii masturbacji, ale częściej się jej podejmują. Negatywnie oceniają one zjawiska homoseksualizmu i sponsoringu. Wnioski: Studentki mają dość szeroką wiedzę w kwestii seksualności człowieka i wykazują mniej konserwatywne podejście. Posiadają większą świadomość własnych potrzeb, co przejawia się w większej liczbie podejmowanych kontaktów seksualnych, masturbacji i otwartości na akty niewaginalne. Zdecydowana większość zdaje sobie sprawę z rozpowszechnienia się zjawiska sponsoringu seksualnego.Introduction: This work assesses general knowledge of Wroclaw university students about their sexuality, which is based on the results of the survey conducted in late 2012 and 2013, compared with the results of analogous studies in 2003. Material and methods: The study involved a group of 330 students from six different universities in Wroclaw. Surveys were distributed in dorms and were filled in the presence of the dealers. Statistical analyses were compared with the results published in the article “The study of sexuality in Wroclaw university students”, published in the Polish Sexology of 2003 Results: We found that female Wroclaw students more often do not plan theirs ‘first time’. They much rather have sex, using a variety of techniques, and as a method of contraception, especially prefer/ use condoms. The main source of their knowledge has become the Internet because they claim that the activities organized in the school are not satisfactory and home does not have the right atmosphere to talk about sex. Young women do not have an opinion about the issue of masturbation but most of them do it. They consider phenomenon of homosexuality and sponsorship as something negative. Conclusions: Students have quite wide knowledge of human sexuality issues and have a less conservative approach. They have a greater awareness of their own needs, as manifested by undertaken more often sex, masturbation and openness to non-vaginal acts. Most of them are aware of the prevalence of the phenomenon of sexual sponsorship

The efficacy of isolated bacteriophages from pig farms against ESBL/AmpC- producing Escherichia coli from pig and Turkey farms

Extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) and AmpC β-lactamases are plasmid (but also chromosomally) encoded enzymes found in Enterobacteriaceae, determining resistance to a variety of important antibiotics including penicillins, cephalosporins, and monobactams. In recent decades, the prevalence of ESBL /AmpC-producing bacteria has increased rapidly across the world. Here, we evaluate the potential use of bacteriophages in terms of a reduction of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in healthy animals. The aim of our studies was to isolate bacteriophages capable of destroying ESBL/AmpC-producing Escherichia coli isolated from livestock habitats. The efficacy of isolated phages against ESBL/AmpC E. coli strains varies, but creation of a phage cocktail with broad activity spectrum is possible. This may indicate that the role of phages may not be limited to phage therapy, but bacterial viruses may also be applied against spread of bacteria with antibiotic resistance genes in the environment. We also addressed the hypothesis, that phages, effective for therapeutic purposes may be isolated from distant places and even from different environments other than the actual location of the targeted bacteria. This may be beneficial for practical purposes, as the construction of effective phage preparations does not require access to disease outbreaks

Application of Computer Image Analysis for Measurement of Barley Vegetation

Obecnie postęp w rolnictwie sprowadza się do obniżenia kosztów produkcji roślinnej. Jednym z rozwiązań jest rolnictwo precyzyjne, które pozwala na oszczędności w nawożeniu, opryskach oraz nawadnianiu. Rolnictwo precyzyjne głównie opiera się na metodach pomiaru wegetacji i warunków geologicznych. W tym celu wykorzystuje się technikę lotniczą oraz bardzo popularne drony do mapowania pól. Na tej podstawie określa się obszary wymagające pielęgnacji. Zastosowanie technik komputerowych usprawnia proces mapowania oraz określenia współczynników wegetacji. W niniejszej pracy przedstawiono komputerową metodę mapowania areału rolnego połączoną z analizą obrazu i wyznaczaniem współczynników wegetacji.Progress in agriculture comes down to lowering the costs of plant production. One solution is precision farming, which saves on fertilisation, spraying and irrigation. Precision farming is mainly based on methods for measurement of coefficient of vegetation and geological conditions. For this purpose, aerial technology is used and nowadays drones are very often utilized to fields mapping. For this purpose, aerial technology is used and nowadays drones are very often used to mapping fields. On this basis, areas that require agricultural treatment are identified. The use of computer techniques improves the mapping process and the determination of vegetation coefficients. This paper presents a computer-based method for mapping of agricultural surface combined with image analysis and calculation of vegetation coefficients

Effect of long-term storage in Safe Cell+ extender on boar sperm DNA integrity and other key sperm parameters

Abstract Background There is some controversy about the extent of changes in different sperm cell features in stored boar semen, especially regarding the potential role of the DNA fragmentation assay for assessment of sperm fertilizing ability. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of time of storage and the dynamic changes in sperm cell characteristics in normospermic boar semen stored in long-term extender, in order to determine the susceptibility to damage of particular structures of spermatozoa during cooling and storage at 17 °C for 240 h post collection. The study included five ejaculates from each of seven boars of the Polish Large White breed (n = 35 ejaculates). The sperm characteristics were assessed using a flow cytometer and a computer assisted sperm analyzer on samples at 0, 48, 96, 168 and 240 h post collection. Results The sperm chromatin structure assay (SCSA) showed a significant abrupt increase (P < 0.01) in the DNA fragmentation index (%DFI) after 48 h of semen storage with only subtle changes thereafter, not exceeding 5% on average after 240 h of storage. The use of a combination of SYBR-14/PI stains did not reveal any significant changes in the percentage of live sperm cells up to 168 h of semen storage. A significant (P < 0.01) decrease in the percentage of live spermatozoa with intact acrosomes was observed after prolonged semen storage (168 h). A significant and progressive decrease in sperm motility was recorded during the whole period of semen storage. Conclusions Storage of boar semen extended in long-term diluent at 17 °C for 48 h initially induced a decrease in the integrity of sperm DNA. This suggests that the structure of boar sperm DNA is susceptible to damage, especially during semen extension and at the beginning of sperm storage. These findings support the opinion that the SCSA test has only a low potential for routine assessment of boar semen preserved in the liquid state and for assessment of sperm quality changes during 10 days of semen preservation. Remarkably, the integrity of acrosomes and plasma membranes remained nearly unchanged for 7 days

Effect of tamoxifen on sex steroid concentrations in chicken ovarian follicles

The aim of the present investigation was to study the effect of tamoxifen (TAM), an oestrogen receptor antagonist, on the concentrations of sex hormones in chicken ovarian follicles. The experiment was carried out on Hy-line hens which were randomly divided into two groups (control and experimental). TAM was given at a dose of 4 mg/hen ( per os ) at first once a day for 7 consecutive days, and subsequently four times a day for the next 6 days. Control hens received placebo. Birds were killed on the day after the last TAM treatment. From the dissected ovaries the following compartments were isolated: stroma with follicles < 1 mm, white non-hierarchical (1–4 mm and 4–8 mm) and yellow hierarchical follicles (F6-F1; 18–35 mm). The concentrations of the sex steroids progesterone (P4), testosterone (T) and oestradiol (E2) in the ovarian follicles were determined by radioimmunoassay. In the TAM-treated group, a gradual decrease in egglaying rate was observed from the 4th day of the experiment. Eventually, egg laying stopped entirely on the 12th day of the experiment. TAM significantly decreased the weight of the ovary and affected the sex hormone concentrations in the ovarian follicles. Following TAM treatment (1) a significant increase in E2 and T concentrations in the stroma, white follicles and the F4 and F1 follicles, (2) a significant decrease in E2 and T concentrations in the F2 follicle, and (3) a significant decline of P4 in the F4 to F1 follicles were observed. The results indicate that the blockade of oestrogen receptors by TAM significantly modulates the process of chicken ovarian steroidogenesis