Three Justifications for Support of Female Student Affairs Professionals

Female student affairs professionals have experienced much advancement in the field. Yet we still suffer gender discrimination in our career paths, salaries, and work experiences. Unfortunately, this issue is not seen as important by decision makers, due to the acceptance of slow change, the past reluctances to begin this discussion, and the arguments of critics. In order to reinvigorate our growth and advancement in the field, I argue that there is value in supporting female student affairs professionals. I justify the value of supporting of female student affairs professionals from student affairs, human resources, and cultural studies perspectives. From a student affairs viewpoint, I examine the positive impact of support from a profession-wide, institutional, individual female student affairs professional, and student basis. Using a human resource outlook, I investigate attrition, potential legal concerns, productivity and cost-efficiency, and the look, practices, and culture of higher education. I conclude with a special look at working mothers. Finally, I examine my proposal through a cultural studies lens. I considered the issues of gender, institutional class level, generation, and morality. Therefore, I am confident that there is value in the support of female student affairs professionals. Finally, I will look to the future. There are five primary consequences from the decision to either support or neglect female student affairs professionals: job satisfaction, productivity and work quality, attrition, females and the profession of student affairs, and the mission of student affairs. Each consequence could have a positive or negative impact depending upon the choice of the decision makers. Assuming decision makers choose support, I recommend a process for establishing an effective and supportive retention plan. The process includes the following steps: understanding the needs of our organization, learning from others, creation and action, reflection and continual improvement, and the role of self-responsibility in the support process. I conclude by discussing the importance of self-responsibility in the initiation of change for the betterment of all female student affairs professionals

Translation flies fast out of your spirit until meter breaks it, or about the form of English translations of Adam Mickiewicz’s "Pan Tadeusz"

The problem of classifying Pan Tadeusz as a literary gentre has serious consequences for the translation of the work: what form should the text take in another language? Should one translate Pan Tadeusz in verse in the target language versification scheme (domestication), in the original versification scheme (foreignisation), or render it in prose? Seven translators have so far faced this challenge in English: M.A. Biggs (1885 – blank verse), G.R. Noyes (1917 – prose), W. Kirkconnell (1962 – heroic couplet with enjambments), K.R. MacKenzie (1964 – heroic couplet without enjambments), M. Weyland (2004 – 12-syllable line), L. Kress (2006 – rhymed pentameter), Ch.A. Zakrzewski (2010 – prose). Each of the selected strategies resulted in some gains and losses for the target reader; no translator managed to find the golden mean for the translation form of the Polish national epic. Edward Balcerzan may therefore be right as he suggests to analyse the translations of a given work as a series – only all the existing and potential translations of Pan Tadeusz together can produce the effect of the original work by Mickiewicz

Is the mechanism of nitroglycerin tolerance associated with aldehyde dehydrogenase activity? : a contribution to the ongoing discussion

The aim of the study presented here was an attempt to answer the question posed in the title: Is the mechanism of nitroglycerin tolerance associated with aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity? Here, we investigated the effect of administration (separately or jointly) of lipoic acid (LA), nitroglycerin (GTN), and disulfiram (DSF; an irreversible in vivo inhibitor of all ALDH isozymes (including ALDH2)), on the development of tolerance to GTN. We also assessed the total activity of ALDH in the rat liver homogenates. Our data revealed that not only DSF and GTN inhibited the total ALDH activity in the rat liver, but LA also proved to be an inhibitor of this enzyme. At the same time, the obtained results demonstrated that the GTN tolerance did not develop in GTN, DSF and LA jointly treated rats, but did develop in GTN and DSF jointly treated rats. This means that the ability of LA to prevent GTN tolerance is not associated with the total ALDH activity in the rat liver. In this context, the fact that animals jointly receiving GTN and DSF developed tolerance to GTN, and in animals that in addition to GTN and DSF also received LA such tolerance did not develop, is - in our opinion - a sufficient premise to conclude that the nitrate tolerance certainly is not caused by a decrease in the activity of any of the ALDH isoenzymes present in the rat liver, including ALDH2. However, many questions still await an answer, including the basic one: What is the mechanism of tolerance to nitroglycerin

Evaluation of anticonvulsant and antinociceptive properties of new N-Mannich bases derived from pyrrolidine-2,5-dione and 3-methylpyrrolidine-2,5-dione

The aim of the present experiments was to examine anticonvulsant activity of new pyrrolidine-2,5-dione and 3-methylpyrrolidine-2,5-dione derivatives in animal models of epilepsy. In addition, the possible collateral antinociceptive activity was assessed. Anticonvulsant activity was investigated in the electroconvulsive threshold (MEST) test and the pilocarpine-induced seizure models in mice. Antinociceptive activity was examined in the hot plate and the formalin tests in mice. Considering the drug safety evaluation, the Vibrio harveyi test was used to estimate anti/mutagenic activity. To determine the plausible mechanism of anticonvulsant action, for two chosen compounds (12 and 23), in vitro binding assays were carried out. All of the tested compounds revealed significant anticonvulsant activity in the MEST test. Compounds 12 and 23 displayed anticonvulsant effect also in pilocarpine-induced seizures. Four of the tested compounds (12, 13, 15, and 24) revealed analgesic activity in the hot plate test as well as in the first phase of the formalin test, and all of them were active in the second phase of the formalin test. The possible mechanism of action of compounds 12 and 23 is the influence on the neuronal voltage-sensitive sodium and L-type calcium channels. The obtained results indicate that in the group of pyrrolidine-2,5-diones, new anticonvulsants with collateral analgesic properties can be found

Preliminary evaluation of anticonvulsant activity and neurotoxicity of some 1,4-substituted piperazine derivatives

A series of 1,4-piperazine derivatives was synthesized and evaluated for anticonvulsant activity in the maximal electroshock seizure (MES) and subcutaneous pentylenetetrazole seizure threshold (ScMet) assays and for neurotoxicity (TOX). The compounds were only moderately effective. The anticonvulsant activity was accompanied by neurotoxicity. 1-[(4-Chlor-3-methylphenoxy)-acetyl]-4-(2-methoxyphenyl)-piperazine was also evaluated in six hertz seizure test (6-Hz) and showed good activity. At the dose of 100 mg/kg b. w. the compound produced 100% protection after 0.5 h without neurotoxic effect