The walls of Cartagena de Indias through methodological experimentation and survey systems protocols. Digital tools comparison for the study of the Antonelli’s defense system

[EN] Cartagena de Indias, one of the main Spanish commercial ports in the Caribbean Sea, was strategically built on a system of islands and peninsulas that formed a lacustrine system along the coast of Tierra Firme, known today as Colombia. For several centuries, Cartagena fortifications have been at the fore-front of Spanish military technologies. This site became the scene of action of the main military engineers at the service of the Spanish crown. In 1586 Battista Antonelli received from King Philipe II the task to design this monumental defensive system. The first project for the Cartagena wall enclosure (1595) is due to Battista and it was continued and modified by his nephew Cristoforo Roda. Nowadays, Antonelli walls still fit into the urban fabric of the city and delineate the perimeter of the historic city. The research project follows the previous research experiments conducted by the Lab DAda-LAB of the University of Pavia in the territory of Panama for the study of the Antonelli fortifications systems of Portobello and San Lorenzo del Chagres. It concerned an extensive action aimed at the documentation and to the study of the entire fortified system of the historic center of Cartagena. The perimeter walls of the old city and the fort of San Felipe de Barajas have been documented through the use of a mobile laser scanner that uses SLAM technology, evaluating the most effective performed strategies for fast survey activities. In parallel, a more specific action was conducted on the portion of the Baluarte of Santa Catalina walls, where it was possible to give a comparison between different methods and instruments, in order to verify the reliability of the 3D databases. Analysis protocols have been developed for the documentation and study of the defensive system. The paper will highlight the construction technologies that qualify the fortresses of Cartagena de Indias and the results obtained by the comparison between different data acquisition technologies to evaluate the quality of the models for the development of documentation strategies for heritage enhancement and protection.Parrinello, S.; Picchio, F.; Dell’amico, A.; Malusardi, C. (2020). Le mura di Cartagena de Indias tra sperimentazione metodologica e protocolli operativi. Strumentazioni digitali a confronto per lo studio del sistema difensivo antonelliano. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. 415-422. https://doi.org/10.4995/FORTMED2020.2020.11393OCS41542

Global Guidance for Just Transition Policy

In 2015, the International Labour Organization (ILO) adopted Guidelines for a Just Transition Towards Environmentally Sustainable Economies and Societies for All, providing authoritative and valuable international guidance for just transitions. CCSI has conducted a comparative analysis of the application of the ILO Guidelines in South Africa and Germany and examined the extent to which the ILO Guidelines address energy transition challenges facing developing countries. The CCSI report, Global Guidance for Just Transition Policy, provides detailed context on South Africa’s and Germany’s national socio-political and energy conditions and policies, and comprehensively examines the legal and policy instruments adopted by both countries—the Just Transition Framework in South Africa and the Coal Exit Laws in Germany—and their application of the ILO Guidelines. Both countries historically relied on domestic coal production and are forerunners in national-level just transition policymaking in their respective regions

Experience of Documentation for the Accessibility of Widespread Cultural Heritage

The will to preserve and enhance cultural heritage imposes reflections on databases as containers of information for the accessibility of dispersed heritage. The aim of the research is to validate methodological approaches in order to create 3D models and information systems. These tools improve accessibility to the artifact, according to different interconnection channels, in order to overcome the physical limit imposed by location. Tangible and intangible heritage take the form of a metadata network throughout a critical analysis and elaboration of data. These files create a complex database containing 3D models rich in information that describe cultural systems. The digital survey is the starting point for the development of languages, signs and symbols. It transfers complex objects into virtual systems, developing a multidimensional dialogue capable of integrating actions and meanings. The interactivity of complex databases facilitates the accessibility and disclosure of data to a wide audience. It requires the establishment of representation systems based on the development of virtual environments

Le mura di Cartagena de Indias tra sperimentazione metodologica e protocolli operativi. Strumentazioni digitali a confronto per lo studio del sistema difensivo antonelliano

Atti del X convegno internazionale "DEFENSIVE ARCHITECTURE OF THE MEDITERRANEAN". Il volume raccoglie contributi di esperti nel settore della storia, del disegno e delle tecnologie applicate alla documentazione delle fortificazioni

D-SITE, Drones - Systems of Information on culTural hEritage. For a spatial and social investigation

The volume consists of a collection of contributions from the conference “D-SITE, Drones - Systems of Information on culTural hEritage. For a spatial and social investigation". The event, organized by the experimental laboratory of research and didactics DAda-LAB of DICAr - Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture of University of Pavia, and MODLab of DICIV - Department of Civil Engineering of University of Salerno

Global Guidance for Just Transition Policy: Policy Brief

In 2015, the International Labour Organization (ILO) adopted Guidelines for a Just Transition Towards Environmentally Sustainable Economies and Societies for All, providing authoritative and valuable international guidance for just transitions. CCSI has conducted a comparative analysis of the application of the ILO Guidelines in South Africa and Germany and examined the extent to which the ILO Guidelines address energy transition challenges facing developing countries. This CCSI Policy Brief summarizes the comparison between South Africa’s and Germany’s just transition policies and the ILO Guidelines. It also summarizes CCSI’s findings and recommendations to shape further guidance on just energy transition policymaking from international institutions to support developing countries in 12 key areas: Government institutional capacity and corruption; Participation of affected groups in policy making; Decent employment; Green industry and economic diversification; Social protection; Skills development and training; Effective phase-out of fossil fuel production, use, and subsidies; International cooperation and the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities; Human rights; Access to affordable and sustainable energy; Adequate finance; and Environmental remediation and repurposing of former industrial site

Flow-Based Web Application Brute-Force Attack and Compromise Detection

In the early days of network and service management, researchers paid much attention to the design of management frameworks and protocols. Since then the focus of research has shifted from the development of management technologies towards the analysis of management data. From the five FCAPS areas, security of networks and services has become a key challenge. For example, brute-force attacks against Web applications, and compromises resulting thereof, are widespread. Talks with several Top-10 Web hosting companies in the Netherlands reflect that detection of these attacks is often done based on log file analysis on servers, or by deploying host-based intrusion detection systems (IDSs) and firewalls. However, such host-based solutions have several problems. In this paper we therefore investigate the feasibility of a network-based monitoring approach, which detects brute-force attacks against and compromises of Web applications, even in encrypted environments. Our approach is based on per-connection histograms of packet payload sizes in flow data that are exported using IPFIX. We validate our approach using datasets collected in the production network of a large Web hoster in the Netherlands

Cardiac iron and cardiac disease in males and females with transfusion-dependent thalassemia major: a T2* magnetic resonance imaging study

Background. It has been repeatedly reported that female patients with thalassemia major survive longer than males and that the difference is due to a lower rate of cardiac disease in females. Design and Methods. We compared the cardiac iron load as measured by magnetic resonance imaging T2* in 776 patients (370 males) examined at the National Research Council as part of an Italian cooperative study. We also established normal left ventricular ejection fraction values for our population. Results. Prevalence of cardiac disease was higher in males compared to females (105 males vs 69 females; p <0.0001). Cardiac T2* was significantly lower in patients with heart dysfunction (p <0.0001), but no difference was observed according to sex. Twenty males and 5 females had a history of cardiac arrhythmias. Their cardiac T2* was not significantly lower than that of patients without arrhythmias (24 ms vs 26 ms; p=0.381), nor was there a difference between sexes. Liver T2* was significanntly lower in male and female patients with heart dysfunction compared to those without. Ferritin levels were higher in patients of both sexes with heart dysfunction without significant differences between males and females Conclusions. Males and females are at the same risk of accumulating iron in their hearts, but females tolerate iron toxicity better, possibly as an effect of reduced sensitivity to chronic oxidative stress