A Model to Study Gland Regeneration/Development in Rat: The Expression of Metalloproteinase- 9 and Extracellular Matrix Proteins

A model to study gland regeneration as a similar phenomenon to gland development is proposed. This  study evaluated the expression of metalloproteinases (MMPs), laminin (LN) and type I and III collagen  in the regeneration of the rat submandibular gland (SMG). Eighteen 30-day-old Wistar male rats were  anesthetized, and the lower third of their SMG left lobe was excised. The animals were killed on the 2nd,  3rd, 7th and 15th postoperative days, and their SMG lobes were removed, fixed and processed in paraffin.  Immunohistochemistry was used to label type I and III collagen, laminin, and MMP-9. The avidin-biotin  technique was used, and the reaction was developed with diaminobenzidine. On the 2nd day, MMP9 expression  was intense in the margins of the regenerating area and inside striated duct cells in the preserved gland. On  the 3rd day, duct cytoplasm labeling persisted and was more intense than in the surrounding mesenchyme,  where labeling increased along time. Concurrently, LN labeling in the basal lamina of epithelial buds was  intense and discontinuous. Types I and III collagen were present during the whole process, which showed  their importance for the regeneration process. The behavior of extracellular macromolecules observed in  this study is similar to their behavior in gland development.

Radiação X altera a distribuição de actina filamentosa em glândula parótida de camundongos

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Global alliance for the promotion of physical activity : the Hamburg declaration

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs), including coronary heart disease, stroke, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, dementia, depression and cancers, are on the rise worldwide and are often associated with a lack of physical activity (PA). Globally, the levels of PA among individuals are below WHO recommendations. A lack of PA can increase morbidity and mortality, worsen the quality of life and increase the economic burden on individuals and society. In response to this trend, numerous organisations came together under one umbrella in Hamburg, Germany, in April 2021 and signed the ‘Hamburg Declaration’. This represented an international commitment to take all necessary actions to increase PA and improve the health of individuals to entire communities. Individuals and organisations are working together as the ‘Global Alliance for the Promotion of Physical Activity’ to drive long-term individual and population-wide behaviour change by collaborating with all stakeholders in the community: active hospitals, physical activity specialists, community services and healthcare providers, all achieving sustainable health goals for their patients/clients. The ‘Hamburg Declaration’ calls on national and international policymakers to take concrete action to promote daily PA and exercise at a population level and in healthcare settings.https://drc.bmj.com/am2024Sports MedicineSDG-03:Good heatlh and well-beingSDG-17:Partnerships for the goal