A Roof of One\u27s Own: Widow Walking in the Anthropocene

A nonfiction work that explores widow\u27s walks in a time of climate change on the coasts. This piece walks the lines between speculative fiction and lyrical essay

Generalised anxiety disorder doubles risk of cardiovascular events in people with stable coronary heart disease

Does generalised anxiety disorder (GAD) affect cardiovascular events associated with coronary heart disease (CHD)? Population: 1015 patients with stable coronary heart. Eligible patients had at least one of the following: history of myocardial infarction (MI), 50% stenosis in one or more coronary vessels (angiographic evidence), history of coronary revascularization, diagnosis of CHD or previous evidence of exercise-induced ischaemia (treadmill or nuclear testing). Setting: Medical centres and public health clinics in San Francisco, USA; September 2000 to December 2002. Prognostic factors: GAD according to Diagnostic Interview Schedule for DSM-IV criteria. Outcomes:\ud Cardiovascular events occurring between baseline and March 2009. Events included stroke, heart failure, MI, transient ischaemic attack or death. Heart failure was defined as hospitalisation for a clinical syndrome involving at least two of the following: orthopnoea, third heart sound, pulmonary rales, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnoea, elevated jugular venous pressure, cardiomegaly or pulmonary oedema on chest radiography. Non-fatal MI was defined based on the presence of symptoms, electrocardiographic changes and cardiac enzymes using standard criteria

Teaching critical appraisal to Sport & Exercise Sciences and Biosciences students

Seminars were implemented to develop undergraduates’ critical appraisal skills and their effectiveness was evaluated. Participants were 140 undergraduate students consisting of 103 students from Sport and Exercise Sciences and 37 from Biosciences. Four seminars were employed to develop and reinforce critical thinking and provide an opportunity for practise and group work. Source material included research proposals and published journal articles. Two linked pieces of coursework assessed critical thinking skills. Teaching method effectiveness was examined using the students’ questionnaire responses and comparison of coursework grades across the module. Students reported finding the seminars useful and helpful, and their self-ratings of critical appraisal skills improved from pre- to post-seminar. However, this was not generally reflected in assessment grades across the group. Overall, there was a significant decline in grades from the first to the second piece of coursework. However, although Sport and Exercise Sciences students’ scored significantly lower on the second coursework, Biosciences students scored higher. It is possible that this type of teaching helps to boost performance in students who originally are new to such skills. Future studies would need to examine whether different methods or longer follow-up might also yield improvements in objective measurements of students’ critical appraisal ability

Injunctions in Sovereign Debt Litigation

Injunctions against foreign sovereigns have come under criticism on comity and enforcement grounds. We argue that these objections are overstated. Comity considerations are important but not dispositive. Enforcement objections assign too much significance to the court’s inability to impose meaningful contempt sanctions, overlooking the fact that, when a foreign sovereign is involved, both money judgments and injunctions are enforced through what amounts to a court-imposed embargo. This embargo discourages third parties from dealing with the sovereign and, if sufficiently costly, can induce the sovereign to comply. Nevertheless, we are skeptical about injunctions in sovereign debt litigation. They are prone to dramatic spillover effects precisely because they cannot reach their primary target, the sovereign government. Recent decisions in NML v. Argentina illustrate the way in which a court’s inability to compel compliance by the sovereign may lead it to impose dramatic and potentially unwarranted costs on third parties, turning traditional equitable analysis on its head

Does Work Stress Predict the Occurrence of Cold, Flu and Minor Illness Symptoms in Clinical Psychology Trainees?

Objectives: The present study examined the three/four-day lagged relationship between daily work stress and upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) and other minor illness symptoms. Methods: Twenty-four postgraduate clinical psychology trainees completed work stress, cold/flu symptoms and somatic symptoms checklists daily for four weeks. Results: Increases in work stress were observed two days prior to a cold/flu episode but not three or four days preceding a cold/flu episode. Work stress was unrelated to peaks in somatic symptom reporting. Conclusions: There was some evidence of a lagged relationship between work stress and symptoms, but not of the expected duration, suggesting that the relationship between work stress and URTI symptoms was not mediated by the immune system

Diffuse Scattering on Graphs

We formulate and analyze difference equations on graphs analogous to time-independent diffusion equations arising in the study of diffuse scattering in continuous media. Moreover, we show how to construct solutions in the presence of weak scatterers from the solution to the homogeneous (background problem) using Born series, providing necessary conditions for convergence and demonstrating the process through numerous examples. In addition, we outline a method for finding Green's functions for Cayley graphs for both abelian and non-abelian groups. Finally, we conclude with a discussion of the effects of sparsity on our method and results, outlining the simplifications that can be made provided that the scatterers are weak and well-separated

Imaging from the Inside Out: Inverse Scattering with Photoactivated Internal Sources

We propose a method to reconstruct the optical properties of a scattering medium with subwavelength resolution. The method is based on the solution to the inverse scattering problem with photoactivated internal sources. Numerical simulations of three-dimensional structures demonstrate that a resolution of approximately $\lambda/25$ is achievable