Geschlechterdarstellungen in Grundschulbüchern

Schulbücher gelten als die wichtigsten Medien im Rahmen der Schulbildung für Kinder und Jugendliche. Sie bilden spezifische Wirklichkeiten ab. Wie sehen diese Realitäten aber eigentlich aus und wie werden sie dargestellt? Dieser Beitrag setzt sich mit der Veranschaulichung von Geschlechtern in Grundschulbüchern auseinander.School books are among the most important media in school education. They supposedly specific realities. But how do these look like and how are they represented? This paper deals with the depiction of genders in primary school books

Geschlechterdarstellungen in Grundschulbüchern

Schulbücher gelten als die wichtigsten Medien im Rahmen der Schulbildung für Kinder und Jugendliche. Sie bilden spezifische Wirklichkeiten ab. Wie sehen diese Realitäten aber eigentlich aus und wie werden sie dargestellt? Dieser Beitrag setzt sich mit der Veranschaulichung von Geschlechtern in Grundschulbüchern auseinander.School books are among the most important media in school education. They supposedly specific realities. But how do these look like and how are they represented? This paper deals with the depiction of genders in primary school books

Social phobia: the role of in-situation safety behaviours in maintaining anxiety and negative beliefs

One of the puzzles surrounding social phobia is that patients with this problem are often exposed to phobic situations without showing a marked reduction in their fears. It is possible that individuals with social phobia engage in behaviors in the feared situation that are mtended to avert feared catastrophes but that also prevent disconfirmation of their fears. This hypothesis was tested in a single case series of eight socially phobic patients. All patients received one session of exposure alone and one session of exposure plus decrease in "safety " behaviors in a counterbalanced within-subject design. Exposure plus decreased safety behaviors was significantly better than exposure alone in reducmg within-situation anxiety and belief m the feared catastrophe. Other factors that may moderate exposure effects are also discussed. Exposure is an effective treatment for social phobia. However, the improvements obtained with exposure alone are relatively modest (Butler, Cullington, Munby, Amies, & Gelder, 1984; Mattick & Peters, 1988), and in everyday life individuals with social phobia are repeatedly exposed to social situations without marked reductions in anxiety. From a cognitive perspective, these observation

Cognitive change predicts symptom reduction with cognitive therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder

Objective: There is a growing body of evidence for the effectiveness of trauma-focused cognitive behavior therapy (TF-CBT) for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), but few studies to date have investigated the mechanisms by which TF-CBT leads to therapeutic change. Models of PTSD suggest that a core treatment mechanism is the change in dysfunctional appraisals of the trauma and its aftermath. If this is the case, then changes in appraisals should predict a change in symptoms. The present study investigated whether cognitive change precedes symptom change in Cognitive Therapy for PTSD, a version of TF-CBT. Method: The study analyzed weekly cognitive and symptom measures from 268 PTSD patients who received a course of Cognitive Therapy for PTSD, using bivariate latent growth modeling. Results: Results showed that (a) dysfunctional trauma-related appraisals and PTSD symptoms both decreased significantly over the course of treatment, (b) changes in appraisals and symptoms were correlated, and (c) weekly change in appraisals significantly predicted subsequent reduction in symptom scores (both corrected for the general decrease over the course of therapy). Changes in PTSD symptom severity did not predict subsequent changes in appraisals. Conclusions: The study provided preliminary evidence for the temporal precedence of a reduction in negative trauma-related appraisals in symptom reduction during trauma-focused CBT for PTSD. This supports the role of change in appraisals as an active therapeutic mechanism

Intensive Cognitive Therapy for PTSD: A Feasibility Study

Background: Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT) of anxiety disorders is usually delivered in weekly or biweekly sessions. There is evidence that intensive CBT can be effective in phobias and obsessive compulsive disorder. Studies of intensive CBT for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are lacking. Method: A feasibility study tested the acceptability and efficacy of an intensive version of Cognitive Therapy for PTSD (CT-PTSD) in 14 patients drawn from consecutive referrals. Patients received up to 18 hours of therapy over a period of 5 to 7 working days, followed by 1 session a week later and up to 3 follow-up sessions. Results: Intensive CT-PTSD was well tolerated and 85.7 % of patients no longer had PTSD at the end of treatment. Patients treated with intensive CT-PTSD achieved similar overall outcomes as a comparable group of patients treated with weekly CT-PTSD in an earlier study, but the intensive treatment improved PTSD symptoms over a shorter period of time and led to greater reductions in depression. Conclusions: The results suggest that intensive CT-PTSD is a feasible and promising alternative to weekly treatment that warrants further evaluation in randomized trials

Focusing on Imagery in Cognitive Therapy: Mirrors That Would Do Well to Reflect Again.

Abstract Not Provided

Focusing on Imagery in Cognitive Therapy: Mirrors That Would Do Well to Reflect Again.

Abstract Not Provided