PAIN MANAGEMENT AFTER KSHAR-SUTRA LIGATION OF HAEMORRHOIDS WITH HERBOMINERAL PREPARATION AND STANDARD NSAID: A CONTRASTIVE STUDY

The disease haemorrhoids is an Ano-rectal disorder and is as old as mankind. A large population of the world population is troubled with this disease which is due to inconsistency of the human diet and social obligations demanded by civilization. The management of 3rd degree haemorrhoids needs mainly a surgical approach. The Kshara-sutra ligation method of haemorrhoids is done by Ayurvedic surgeons but facing hardships in post ligation pain management. A complete Ayurvedic postoperative pain management is the need of every Ayurvedic surgeon. This study was carried out with an attempt to find an effective and safe Ayurvedic postoperative pain management and for this, 30 Patients who were undergone Kshara sutra ligation of haemorrhoids were selected from the from the IPD of Post Graduate of Department Shalya Tantra, Jammu Institute Of Ayurveda And Research Hospital, Nardani, Jammu. Selected patients were randomly divided into two groups each of 15 patients. For pain relief, the patients in Group A were administered with Diclofenac sodium, which is an established NSAID, in the dose of 50mg TDS orally where as the patients in Group B were administered with Triphala Guggulu and Gandhaka Rasayana in the dose of 450 mg TDS and 250 mg TDS orally respectively. Although satisfactory result obtained on all parameters with Triphala Guggulu and Gandhaka Rasayana but Diclofenac sodium is found statistically more significant.

ROLE OF NADI SHUDDHI PRANAYAMA ON HYPERTENSION

Yoga is the science of human being in depth, the science of conscious evolution or the science of human possibilities. It is a unique science that it encompasses matter, life and consciousness in one sweep and bridges the gap between science and spiritually. Thus Yoga may be considered as a system of mental, physical and spiritual developments. The Pranayama (Prana-breath ayam-pause) is one of the eight steps of yogic practice and is concerned with controlled breathing exercises and in broader sense, the control of vital force Prana. Basically Pranayama consists of 3 phases namely Puraka (inhalation), Kumbhaka (pause), Recaka (exhalation). The best proportion of time to be allotted to these three steps is 1:4:2 respectively for inhaling, controlling, and exhaling the breath. There are numerous studies which have shown that yoga, especially Pranayama, have an immediate down regulating effect on both the hypothalamic– pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis and the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) response to stress. Studies show that Pranayama yoga decreases levels of salivary cortisol, blood glucose, as well as plasma rennin levels, and 24-hour urine norepinephrine and epinephrine levels. Pranayama significantly decreases heart rate and systolic and diastolic blood pressure. So with this idea, this study has been carried out on a total of 100 patients having signs and symptoms of stage I and stage II hypertension and Nadi shuddhi pranayama was practiced daily for a period of one month by these patients. Patients were assessed on parameters such as Blood pressure, Headache, Palpitation, Dizziness, Nervousness, Fatigue, Insomnia and Breathlessness. The Significant relief was observed in Blood pressure and sign and symptoms after treatment and it was concluded that Nadi Shuddhi pranayama produces a significant fall in blood pressure level and other sign and symptoms in hypertensive patients

ROLE OF DURVADI TAILA IN THE MANAGEMENT OF SADHYO VRANA

Healing is protective mechanism of our body. In modern science many antibacterial formulations are available with their own limitations. Ayurveda, the Indian traditional system of medicine, is based on empirical knowledge of the observations and the experience over millennia. Ayurveda is a science where there are so many formulations available to treat wound without any complication. Our Acharyas broadly described about treatment principles of wound management and classified the drugs related to Vrana shodhana and Vrana ropana. Classical management of wounds according to Sushruta Samhita follows 60 therapeutic steps, starting with an aseptic dressing of the affected part and ending with the rehabilitation of the normal structure and function. These therapeutic measures were aimed not only to accelerate the healing process but also to maintain the quality and aesthetics of the healing. On comprehensive review of Ayurvedic classics, Durva was found to be one of the drugs having wound healing properties. It is described in Vedas, Charaka Samhita, Sushruta Samhita. In Charaka Samhita, Durva is described in Prajasthapana and Varnya mahakashaya. In Sushruta Samhita, it is described in intrinsic haemorrhage. To rule out its efficacy, a study was carried out in which 30 patients of Sadhyo Vrana were selected for the trail and were subjected to local application of Durvadi Tail. The total effect of the therapy has provided considerably significant relief on the clinical parameters. Durvadi Tail was found to be safe and effective in the management of Sadhyo Vrana by virtue of its antibacterial, analgesic & hemostatic properties

EFFECT OF MUSTADI KALPA IN THE MANAGEMENT OF MUTRAGHAT W.S.R TO BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA

Mutraghata is a group of Obstructive Uropathy disorders which has been dealt in detail in almost all ancient treatises, in which the Mutragranthi, Mutrasanga, Bastikundalika & Mutrastheela are the conditions which are similar to the BPH in respective of obstructive as well as irritative phases. Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common cause of male lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). BPH is a senile disorder and chiefly affects individuals above the age of 40 years. The symptoms are increased frequency of micturition, dribbling, hesitancy, and the features of chronic urinary retention. The symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) closely resemble both in anatomically and symptomatically with Vatastheela which is mentioned in Ayurvedic text. Surgical management has been accepted as the standard management but is associated with many disadvantages as well as complications, which may not be acceptable at this age. Conservative management with modern medicines is also not free from side effects. So, in this age-group, there is a need for much safer alternative method of management. Mustadi kalpacited by Acharya Sushruta in the context of Mutraghat chikitsa is a well known therapeutic drug in this context. A study was carried out to evaluate its efficacy in which 30 patients were selected for the trail with the symptoms of BPH and were subjected to administration of Mustadi kalpa in the dose of 10 mg TDS in divided doses orally for 45 days. The Total effect of the formulation has provided considerably significant relief on the subjective as well as objective parameters. Mustadi kalpa was found safe and effective in symptomatic management of Mootraghata (BPH) by virtue of its Shothhara, Balya, Tridoshhara and Vatanuloman properties

EFFECT OF LEECH APPLICATION IN THROMBOSED HAEMORRHOID

Arsha or hemorrhoids included under the category of Mahagadas as it significantly disturbs the normal proceedings or activities of the body like an enemy. It is a Gudagata mamsa vikara occurred in three Vallies of ano-rectal region. Basically it is of two types viz. internal and external hemorrhoids. A thrombosed hemorrhoid is a variety of external haemorrhoid in which there is a painful swelling in the anal tissues caused by a clot in one or more of the small veins in the anal skin. Thrombosed hemorrhoid is an emergency condition and occurs due to high venous pressure associated with severe anal pain. It becomes worse after strangulation of the pile mass. Urgent surgical intervention is required in all the cases. Venous return of strangulated pile mass become very low and severe edema takes place along with serious painful condition. The swollen tissues often have a characteristic bluish color, because of the underlying clot. Leech application is known to be effective in thrombosed hemorrhoid as it relieves venous pooling of blood in that area by dissolving the clotted blood. A study was carried out to evaluate its efficacy in which 30 patients were selected for the trail with the symptoms of thrombosed haemorrhoid and were subjected to Jalaukavcharan vidhi. The total effect of the therapy has provided considerably significant relief on the sign and symptoms. Leech application was found safe and effective in the management of thrombosed haemorrhoid by virtue of its antimicrobial, mucolytic and thrombolytic actions

Potential of AA7075 as a Tribological Material for Industrial Applications -A Review

Lightweight materials in general and alumunium alloys in particular are increasingly becoming important engineering materials in order to improve the sustainability aspects of engineering products. Amongst the alumunium alloys, AA7075, due to its strength to weight ratio along with other technical benefits has become a prominent material. The literature suggests that AA7075 is structurally good, however its poor tribological properties can be enhanced by introducing different reinforcements. Further, the mechanical and tribological behaviour of AA7075 relies on variety of factors such as fabrication route, quality and quantity of reinforcement, etc. In this work we summarize the work carried out in studying the various mechanical and tribological properties of AA7075. The paper will focus on the ceramic and solid lubricant reinforced AA7075 hybrid composites. A section also summarizes the applications of the alumunium alloys and composites in various engineering applications

Development of a NIOSH based software tool for musculoskeletal disorders

Musculoskeletal disorders amongst workers performing manual lifting tasks have become a major challenge now a days. Such problems hamper productivity of any concern to a greater extent. Industrial experts and researchers have been devising ways and means to reduce such disorders and the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) agency lifting equation is one amongst such tools. NIOSH lifting equation has significantly enhanced the safety of the workers involved in manual lifting tasks. With this equation, a prior indication of musculoskeletal disorders can be obtained from the workers anthropometric details. However, till date there is no such tool available with which we can have recommendations to eliminate/reduce such disorders. In this paper an expert system on the basis of NIOSH equation has been developed to deal with the musculoskeletal problems amongst the workers involved in manual lifting tasks. The expert system is basically a computer programme developed to facilitate the use of NIOSH lifting equation. On the basis of lifting parameters, this equation computes recommended weight limit (RWL) and lifting index (LI). These outputs have been further analyzed by the programe to check existing working conditions against occupational hazards, and suggest recommendations for the safe working conditions

Potential of AA7075 as a Tribological Material for Industrial Applications -A Review

197-201Lightweight materials in general and alumunium alloys in particular are increasingly becoming important engineering materials in order to improve the sustainability aspects of engineering products. Amongst the alumunium alloys, AA7075, due to its strength to weight ratio along with other technical benefits has become a prominent material. The literature suggests that AA7075 is structurally good, however its poor tribological properties can be enhanced by introducing different reinforcements. Further, the mechanical and tribological behaviour of AA7075 relies on variety of factors such as fabrication route, quality and quantity of reinforcement, etc.  In this work we summarize the work carried out in studying the various mechanical and tribological properties of AA7075. The paper will focus on the ceramic and solid lubricant reinforced AA7075 hybrid composites. A section also summarizes the applications of the alumunium alloys and composites in various engineering applications

Development of a NIOSH based software tool for musculoskeletal disorders

860-865Musculoskeletal disorders amongst workers performing manual lifting tasks have become a major challenge now a days. Such problems hamper productivity of any concern to a greater extent. Industrial experts and researchers have been devising ways and means to reduce such disorders and the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) agency lifting equation is one amongst such tools. NIOSH lifting equation has significantly enhanced the safety of the workers involved in manual lifting tasks. With this equation, a prior indication of musculoskeletal disorders can be obtained from the workers anthropometric details. However, till date there is no such tool available with which we can have recommendations to eliminate/reduce such disorders. In this paper an expert system on the basis of NIOSH equation has been developed to deal with the musculoskeletal problems amongst the workers involved in manual lifting tasks. The expert system is basically a computer programme developed to facilitate the use of NIOSH lifting equation. On the basis of lifting parameters, this equation computes recommended weight limit (RWL) and lifting index (LI). These outputs have been further analyzed by the programe to check existing working conditions against occupational hazards, and suggest recommendations for the safe working conditions

Sensors and Tribological Systems: Applications for Industry 4.0

Purpose: The involvement of wear, friction and lubrication in engineering systems and industrial applications makes it imperative to study the various aspects of tribology in relation with advanced technologies and concepts. The concept of Industry 4.0 and its implementation further faces a lot of barriers particularly in the developing economies. Real-time and reliable data is an important enabler for implementation of the concept of Industry 4.0. For availability of reliable and real-time data about various tribological systems is crucial in applying the various concepts of Industry 4.0. This paper attempts to highlight the role of sensors related to friction, wear and lubrication in implementing Industry 4.0 in various tribology related industries and equipment. Design/methodology/approach: A through literature review has been done to study the interrelationships between the availability of tribology related data and implementation of Industry 4.0 are also discussed. Relevant and recent research papers from prominent databases have been included. A detailed overview about the various types of sensors employed in generating tribological data is also presented. Some studies related to application of machine learning and Artificial Intelligence are also included in the paper. A discussion on fault diagnosis and cyber physical systems in connection with tribology has also been included. Findings: Industry 4.0 and tribology are interconnected through various means and the various pillars of industry 4.0 such as big data, Artificial Intelligence can effectively be implemented in various tribological systems. Data is an important parameter in effective application of concepts of industry 4.0 in the tribological environment. Sensors have a vital role to play in the implementation of industry 4.0 in tribological systems. Determining the machine health, carrying out maintenance in off-shore and remote mechanical systems is possible by applying online-real-time data acquisition. Originality: The paper tries to relate the pillars of Industry 4.0 with various aspects of tribology. The paper is a first of its kind wherein the interdisciplinary field of tribology has been linked with industry 4.0. The paper also highlights the role of sensors in generating tribological data related to the critical parameters such as wear rate, coefficient of friction, surface roughness which is critical in implementing the various pillars of industry 4.0